scholarly journals Vouchering of Forensically Important Fly Specimens by Nondestructive DNA Extraction

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Yoon Kim ◽  
Seong Hwan Park ◽  
Huguo Piao ◽  
Ukhee Chung ◽  
Kwang Soo Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Phaenicia Sericata

DNA extraction frequently requires destruction of whole samples. However, when the sample is very rare or has taxonomic importance, nondestructive DNA extraction is required for preservation of voucher specimens. In the case of arthropod specimens, minor anatomical structures such as a single leg or a single wing are often sacrificed instead of the whole body for DNA extraction. In an attempt to save the entire anatomical structure of specimens, several authors tried to brew the whole specimen in a lysis buffer and to extract DNA from the “soup.” We applied this nondestructive DNA extraction technique to a forensically important blowfly species, Phaenicia sericata. With nondestructive DNA extraction, a satisfactory quantity and quality of DNA for PCR amplification was obtained with only minimal anatomical disruptions that do not alter the morphologic identification. This nondestructive method may be applicable to DNA extraction of rare samples as well as vouchering of regular fly samples.

Alternative Methods of extracting and Amplifying Dna from lichens

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria P. Martín ◽  
Katarina Winka
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
High Quality

AbstractWe have investigated whether DNA extraction protocols designed specifically for fungi and/or lichens perform better on lichens than do corresponding protocols designed for plants and insects. Two different PCR-amplification protocols were used to evaluate the quality of the DNA extracted with each method. The DNA extractions with highest quality were obtained with the protocols designed for insects and plants, and the most successful amplifications were obtained with Ready-To-Go PCR Beads. This indicates that fungal or lichen specific protocols might not be necessary for successful extraction of high quality DNA from lichens.

EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS OF INTERNAL FIXATION TREATMENT OF THE ANKLE FRACTURE

2016 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Van Cu Tran ◽  
Nghi Thanh Nhan Le
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Skin Infection ◽  
Ankle Fractures ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Radiological Criteria ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Fixation Treatment ◽  
The Stability

Background: Ankles play an important rolesince the whole body weight is transmitted through this region, and locomotion depends on the stability of the ankle. Ankle fractures are most commonly foundat the lower extremity. Open reduction and internal fixation have become the main treatment for most of ankle fractures because these operative methods help restore the anatomy, biomechanics and contact loading characteristics of ankles. The aim of this research is to evaluate the results of surgical treatment for ankle fractures and give suggestions for proper indications and better techniques to improve the quality of treatment. Materials & Methods: The study surveyed a number of 41 patients whose fractures were classified according to Danis - Weber classification. They were operated from January 2012 to June 2014 and then treated with internal fixations. Assessment of postoperative outcomes was done at the third month and the sixth month basing on Baird and Jackson’s scoring system with clinical and radiological criteria. Results: Forty one patients (male : female = 2,7; with a mean age of thirty six years) were involved in the study; 17 of the fractures were classified as Weber B (41,5%) and 24 as Weber C (58,5%). 19 patients (46,4%) had peroneous fractures and 22 patients (53,6%) had peroneous fractures combinedwith the other malleolar fractures.Evaluation of 39 patients at sixth month postoperation shows overall good to excellent results were obtained in 33 patients 38,4% and 48,7% of Weber B and C fracture), fair in 3 patients (7,7% of Weber C) and poor in 2 patients (2,6% and 2,6% of Weber B and C). No intra operative complications were found. Skin infection was identified as postoperative complications in 3 patients. Conclusions: Internal fixation for treatment of ankle fractures obtain good results. Anatomical structures and functions of ankles were well restored in the malleolar fractures.

scholarly journals Comparison and Validation of Ichthyoplankton DNA Extraction Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Diouri Lamia ◽  
Uwiringiyeyezu Théophile ◽  
Abdelouahab Hinde ◽  
Malki Mohamed ◽  
Baibai Tarik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Direct Pcr ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Morphological Criteria

Ichthyoplankton is the cluster of planktonic organisms that consists of fish eggs and larvae. These planktonic stages belong to the temporary zooplankton, representing future exploitable stocks. The study of the early ontogenesis of fish plays a key role in the understanding and evaluation of these populations through the study of their abundance and their spatio-temporal distribution. To better understand and protect these fisheries resources, it is essential to identify the different stages of fish embryonic development. This identification is usually performed using the classical method, based on morphological criteria under a binocular magnifying glass; however, this methodology is not always sufficient and is time consuming and, therefore, it is necessary to rely increasingly on molecular tools. The major problem with these tools is the yield and quality of the nucleic acids extracted from ichthyoplankton, especially in the case of eggs, which are small. Several methods have been used for DNA extraction from ichthyoplankton, either automated or manual, but very often from larvae or adults. In the present work, five fish egg DNA extraction protocols were compared based on their DNA yield and extraction quality, verified by agarose gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR amplification. The results showed that extraction by our heat-protocol for direct PCR (Hp-dPCR) presents the simplest and cheapest protocol of all the kits used in this study, providing a sufficient quantity and quality of nucleic acids to be used for PCR amplification, and being within the reach of third world laboratories that often do not have sufficiently large budgets to obtain automated kits.

Quality Improvement of the DNA extracted by boiling method in Gram negative bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 5347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar B. Ahmed* ◽  
Anas S. Dablool
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Several methods of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction have been applied to extract bacterial DNA. The amount and the quality of the DNA obtained for each one of those methods are variable. The study aimed to evaluate bacterial DNA extraction using conventional boiling method followed by alcohol precipitation. DNA extraction from Gram negative bacilli was extracted and precipitated using boiling method with further precipitation by ethanol. The extraction procedure performed using the boiling method resulted in high DNA yields for both E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteria in (199.7 and 285.7μg/ml, respectively) which was close to control method (229.3 and 440.3μg/ml). It was concluded that after alcohol precipitation boiling procedure was easy, cost-effective, and applicable for high-yield quality of DNA in Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals DMSO Improves the Ski-Slope Effect in Direct PCR

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1943
Author(s):  
Joo-Young Kim ◽  
Ju Yeon Jung ◽  
Da-Hye Kim ◽  
Seohyun Moon ◽  
Won-Hae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Direct Pcr ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Specific Amplification ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Dna Profiles

Analytical techniques such as DNA profiling are widely used in various fields, including forensic science, and novel technologies such as direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification are continuously being developed in order to acquire DNA profiles efficiently. However, non-specific amplification may occur depending on the quality of the crime scene evidence and amplification methods employed. In particular, the ski-slope effect observed in direct PCR amplification has led to inaccurate interpretations of the DNA profile results. In this study, we aimed to reduce the ski-slope effect by using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in direct PCR. We confirmed that DMSO (3.75%, v/v) increased the amplification yield of large-sized DNA sequences more than that of small-sized ones. Using 50 Korean buccal samples, we further demonstrated that DMSO reduced the ski-slope effect in direct PCR. These results suggest that the experimental method developed in this study is suitable for direct PCR and may help to successfully obtain DNA profiles from various types of evidence at crime scenes.

scholarly journals Nondestructive Detection of the Gel State of Preserved Eggs Based on Dielectric Impedance

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Cheng-Han Li ◽  
Chun-Hung Hsieh ◽  
Cheng-Chu Hung ◽  
Ching-Wei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Decay Rate ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Nyquist Diagram ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

After completing the production of preserved eggs, traditionally, the degree of gelling is judged by allowing workers to tap the preserved eggs with their fingers and sense the resulting oscillations. The amount of oscillation is used for the quality classification. This traditional method produces varying results owing to the differences in the sensitivity of the individual workers, who are not objective. In this study, dielectric detection technology was used to classify the preserved eggs nondestructively. The impedance in the frequency range of 2–300 kHz was resolved into resistance and reactance, and was plotted on a Nyquist diagram. Next, the diagram curve was fitted in order to obtain the equivalent circuit, and the difference in the compositions of the equivalent circuits corresponding to gelled and non-gelled preserved eggs was analyzed. A preserved egg can be considered an RLC series circuit, and its decay rate is consistent with the decay rate given by mechanical vibration theory. The Nyquist diagrams for the resistance and reactance of preserved eggs clearly showed that the resistance and reactance of gelled and non-gelled eggs were quite different, and the classification of the eggs was performed using Bayesian network (BN). The results showed that a BN classifier with two variables, i.e., resistance and reactance, can be used to classify preserved eggs as gelled or non-gelled, with an accuracy of 81.0% and a kappa value of 0.62. Thus, a BN classifier based on resistance and reactance demonstrates the ability to classify the quality of preserved egg gel. This research provides a nondestructive method for the inspection of the quality of preserved egg gel, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of an automated preserved egg inspection system that can be used as the scientific basis for the determination of the quality of preserved eggs.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Effect of Two Types of Whole Body Vibration Platforms on Fibromyalgia. A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3007
Author(s):  
José Antonio Mingorance ◽  
Pedro Montoya ◽  
José García Vivas Miranda ◽  
Inmaculada Riquelme
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Therapy Program

Whole body vibration has been proven to improve the health status of patients with fibromyalgia, providing an activation of the neuromuscular spindles, which are responsible for muscle contraction. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two types of whole body vibrating platforms (vertical and rotational) during a 12-week training program. Sixty fibromyalgia patients (90% were women) were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: group A (n = 20), who performed the vibration training with a vertical platform; group B (n = 20), who did rotational platform training; or a control group C (n = 20), who did not do any training. Sensitivity measures (pressure pain and vibration thresholds), quality of life (Quality of Life Index), motor function tasks (Berg Scale, six-minute walking test, isometric back muscle strength), and static and dynamic balance (Romberg test and gait analysis) were assessed before, immediately after, and three months after the therapy program. Although both types of vibration appeared to have beneficial effects with respect to the control group, the training was more effective with the rotational than with vertical platform in some parameters, such as vibration thresholds (p < 0.001), motor function tasks (p < 0.001), mediolateral sway (p < 0.001), and gait speed (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, improvements disappeared in the follow-up in both types of vibration. Our study points out greater benefits with the use of rotational rather than vertical whole body vibration. The use of the rotational modality is recommended in the standard therapy program for patients with fibromyalgia. Due to the fact that the positive effects of both types of vibration disappeared during the follow-up, continuous or intermittent use is recommended.

scholarly journals The Interplay between Mitochondrial Morphology and Myomitokines in Aging Sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Vanina Romanello
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Mass Force ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Muscle Aging ◽  
And Function

Sarcopenia is a chronic disease characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, force, and function during aging. It is an emerging public problem associated with poor quality of life, disability, frailty, and high mortality. A decline in mitochondria quality control pathways constitutes a major mechanism driving aging sarcopenia, causing abnormal organelle accumulation over a lifetime. The resulting mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenic muscles feedbacks systemically by releasing the myomitokines fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), influencing the whole-body homeostasis and dictating healthy or unhealthy aging. This review describes the principal pathways controlling mitochondrial quality, many of which are potential therapeutic targets against muscle aging, and the connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and the myomitokines FGF21 and GDF15 in the pathogenesis of aging sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Whole Body Vibration Exercises and the Improvement of the Flexibility in Patient with Metabolic Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danúbia da Cunha Sá-Caputo ◽  
Pedro Ronikeili-Costa ◽  
Rafaelle Pacheco Carvalho-Lima ◽  
Luciana Camargo Bernardo ◽  
Milena Oliveira Bravo-Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Number Of Publications

Vibrations produced in oscillating/vibratory platform generate whole body vibration (WBV) exercises, which are important in sports, as well as in treating diseases, promoting rehabilitation, and improving the quality of life. WBV exercises relevantly increase the muscle strength, muscle power, and the bone mineral density, as well as improving the postural control, the balance, and the gait. An important number of publications are found in the PubMed database with the keyword “flexibility” and eight of the analyzed papers involving WBV and flexibility reached a level of evidence II. The biggest distance between the third finger of the hand to the floor (DBTFF) of a patient with metabolic syndrome (MS) was found before the first session and was considered to be 100%. The percentages to the other measurements in the different sessions were determined to be related to the 100%. It is possible to see an immediate improvement after each session with a decrease of the %DBTFF. As the presence of MS is associated with poorer physical performance, a simple and safe protocol using WBV exercises promoted an improvement of the flexibility in a patient with MS.

Computing the Medical Image Registration Using Meta-Heuristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahari Abdou El Karim ◽  
Bendakmousse Abdeslam ◽  
Ait Aoudia Samy
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Simulated Annealing ◽  
Image Registration ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Medical Image Registration ◽  
Anatomical Structures

The image registration is a very important task in image processing. In the field of medical imaging, it is used to compare the anatomical structures of two or more images taken at different time to track for example the evolution of a disease. Intensity-based techniques are widely used in the multi-modal registration. To have the best registration, a cost function expressing the similarity between these images is maximized. The registration problem is reduced to the optimization of a cost function. We propose to use neighborhood meta-heuristics (tabu search, simulated annealing) and a meta-heuristic population (genetic algorithms). An evaluation step is necessary to estimate the quality of registration obtained. In this paper we present some results of medical image registration

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