scholarly journals Microbial Biofilms and Breast Tissue Expanders

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Karau ◽  
Kerryl E. Greenwood-Quaintance ◽  
Suzannah M. Schmidt ◽  
Nho V. Tran ◽  
Phyllis A. Convery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Tissue Expanders ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Prosthetic Joints ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria ◽  
Sonication Technique

We previously developed and validated a vortexing-sonication technique for detection of biofilm bacteria on the surface of explanted prosthetic joints. Herein, we evaluated this technique for diagnosis of infected breast tissue expanders and used it to assess colonization of breast tissue expanders. From April 2008 to December 2011, we studied 328 breast tissue expanders at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Of seven clinically infected breast tissue expanders, six (85.7%) had positive cultures, one of which grewPropionibacteriumspecies. Fifty-two of 321 breast tissue expanders (16.2%, 95% CI, 12.3–20.7%) without clinical evidence of infection also had positive cultures, 45 growingPropionibacteriumspecies and ten coagulase-negative staphylococci. While vortexing-sonication can detect clinically infected breast tissue expanders, 16 percent of breast tissue expanders appear to be asymptomatically colonized with normal skin flora, most commonly,Propionibacteriumspecies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of peritonitis-associated coagulase-negative staphylococci on the skin of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients

1989 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Beard-Pegler ◽  
C. L. Gabelish ◽  
E. Stubbs ◽  
C. Harbour ◽  
J. Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Body Site ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Skin Flora

SUMMARYThe predominance of coagulase-negative staphylococci as normal skin flora is thought to be a factor in their association with episodes of peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We investigated the prevalence of peritonitis-associated strains on the skin of 28 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most frequently isolated organisms. comprising 47% of peritoncal dialysis fluid isolates and 59% of body site isolates. A total of 142 coagulase-negative staphylococci were speciated. tested for their antimicrobial sensitivity and slime production. and identified by phage typing and plasmid-profile analysis.Staphylococcus epidermidiswas the most commonly identified species from both peritoncal dialysis fluid (73%) and body sites (53%). Multiple antibiotic resistance was common, and the greater proportion of isolates were resistant to methicillin: 63·6% of peritoncal dialysis fluid isolates and 61·7% of body-site isolates.isolates.S. haemolyticusisolates were significantly more resistant to methicillin than other species. By phage typing and plasmid-profile analysis it was shown that peritonitis was rarely caused by skincolonizing strains. In only 3 of 14 patients were peritonitis-associated strains isolated as skin colonizers, and no patients developed peritonitis due to organisms previously isolated as skin colonizers.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of infections related to intravascular catheterization.

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Goldmann ◽  
G B Pier
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Technological Improvements

Over the past few decades, there have been major technological improvements in the manufacture of intravenous solutions and the manufacture and design of catheter materials. However, the risk of infection in patients receiving infusion therapy remains substantial, in part because of host factors (for example, increased use of immunosuppressive therapy, more aggressive surgery and life support, and improved survival at the extremes of life) and in part because of the availability of catheters that can be left in place for very long periods. Microbial components of normal skin flora, particularly coagulase-negative staphylococci, have emerged as the predominant pathogens in catheter-associated infections. Therefore, efforts to prevent skin microorganisms from entering the catheter wound (such as tunnelling of catheters and use of catheter cuffs and local antimicrobial agents) are logical and relatively effective. The specific properties of microorganisms that transform normally harmless commensals such as coagulase-negative staphylococci into formidable pathogens in the presence of a plastic foreign body are being explored. For example, Staphylococcus epidermidis elaborates a polysaccharide adhesin that also functions as a capsule and is a target for opsonic killing. However, the interactions between microorganism and catheter that lead to adherence, persistence, infection, and dissemination appear to be multifactorial.

Surgical Scrub and Skin Disinfection

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A.J. Ayliffe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Skin ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Repeated Application ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Skin Disinfection ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThe role of pre-operative disinfection of the surgeon's hands and the skin of the operative site in the prevention of wound infection remains uncertain. The normal resident skin flora, consisting mainly of coagulase-negative staphylococci and aerobic and anaerobic diphtheroids, is an uncommon cause of infection except in prosthetic operations. Staphylococcus aureus is rarely a resident on normal skin other than the perineum, and is mostly present on the hands as a transient acquired from the nose. Nevertheless, it seems rational to kill or remove all transients on the hands of the surgeon and reduce residents to low levels.Surgical skin disinfection is usually assessed by measuring the reduction in organisms on the hands immediately after disinfection, after repeated applications of the disinfectant and after wearing gloves for two to three hours. The hands are commonly sampled in a bowl or plastic bag containing Ringer's or a similar solution and relevant neutralizers, or by the use of glove washings. A standardized technique is necessary to provide a statistical comparison between agents. Antiseptic detergents, chlorhexidine or povidone iodine show immediate reductions in bacterial counts of 70% to 80%, increasing to 99% after repeated application. Hexachloraphene and triclosan detergents show a lower immediate reduction but a good residual effect. Seventy percent ethyl or 60% propyl alcohol, with or without an antiseptic, show an immediate reduction of over 95%, and in excess of 99% on repeated application. Residual levels of organisms tend to be lower after repeated alcohol treatment than following the use of antiseptic detergents. A two to three-minute application of the antiseptic to the hands, without a scrubbing brush, is commonly recommended in the UK, but possibly in routine surgery an application time of 30 seconds is sufficient, killing or removing transients and superficial residents.

Plasmid Profile and Slime Analysis of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Capd Patients with Peritonitis

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory B. Horsman ◽  
Leslie MacMillan Yuri ◽  
Amatnieks Oretta RifKin ◽  
Stephen I. Vas
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Initial Episode ◽  
Multiple Episodes

Little is known about the epidemiology of infections causing peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The commonest cause, coagulase-negative staphylococci (C-NS), are normal skin flora. The main source is thought to be organisms from the patient's own skin or environment. Using plasmid profiles as an epidemiological marker, the authors identified cases in which surveillance skin cultures taken just before an episode of peritonitis were identical to those isolated from the effluent. On comparing the plasmid profiles from the effluent of patients who had multiple episodes over eight weeks, they identified two patterns. One group had different plasmid profiles between episodes of infection. The second group (the majority of the cases) had identical plasmid profiles between the initial episode and the second which occurred between 10 days and four weeks after stopping antibiotics. This suggests that, in most cases of recurrent infection studied, the second episode represented a reinfection or recurrence with the same organism (as the initial episode). Slime production did not discriminate those patients who would develop recurring peritonitis.

scholarly journals Need for appropriate specimen for microbiology diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 021-025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Vemu ◽  
Sukanya Sudhaharan ◽  
Neeraja Mamidi ◽  
Padmasri Chavali
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Bone Biopsy ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Tissue Specimen ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Culture Positivity ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Culture Positive

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chronic osteomyelitis (COM) is a common infection, especially in developing countries. An adequate bone biopsy specimen processed with appropriate microbiology culture methods for isolation and identification of the causative organisms is considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a retrospective microbiology analysis of the specimen from 219 clinically diagnosed cases of COM between January 2013 and April 2016. RESULTS: The overall culture positivity was 111/219 (50. 6%), colonization was seen in 22/219 (10.5%), while the rest 86/219 (39.3%) were culture-negative specimen; culture positivity was highest from tissue specimen (71/113, 62.8%). Among the swabs, 40/106 (37.7%) were culture positive. About 28/40 (70%) culture-positive swabs showed significant growth of Gram-positive organisms. Colonization with skin flora such as diphtheroids and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci was seen in 22/106 (20.7%) of the swabs. Sterile cultures (44/106, 41.6%) were high among the swab specimen. Gram-positives were most common (75/111, 67.56%). Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant organism isolated in 70/111 (63%) cases. Gram-negative bacilli showed a high level of antibiotic resistance. CONCLUSION: As per our data, the culture yield from wound swabs was low or contaminated with normal skin flora, as compared to the biopsy or tissue specimen. Hence, an appropriate sampling of the infected bone using recommended protocols is highly essential for improving microbiological yield and the outcome of COM.

Personal Hygiene terhadap Infeksi Pityriasis Versikolor pada Nelayan Di Desa Penjajap Kecamatan Pemangkat

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Supriyanto Supriyanto ◽  
Indah Purwaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Pityriasis Versicolor ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Retrospective Design ◽  
Skin Flora

Abstract: Pityriasis versicolor or better known as “panu” is a superfcial fungal infection characterized by changes in skin pigment due to Stratum corneum colonization by dimorphic lipophilic fungi from normal skin flora. Pitiriasis versicolor is an infectious disease that is estimated occur due to poor sanitation (personal hygine) and lack of clean water. This research was aimed to determine factors related to Pityriasis versicolor infection. It used retrospective design where researcher tried to looking back about the incident of Pitiriasis versicolor on 76 fshermen who choosen by using simple random sampling. Based on the result of reseach, it was determine that bath habit (p = 0,000), clothing hygiene (p = 0,839), towels cleanliness (p = 0,699), clean water supply (p = 0,000), home environment hygiene (p = 0,588), for p<0,05 then these factors were related to the occurrence of Pitiriasis versicolor infection on fshermen in Penjajap Village Pemangkat. Thus, it could be conclude that there was signifcant correlation between bath habit and clean water supply with the incidence of Pityriasis versicolor infection. While the cleanliness of clothing, cleanliness of towels, and cleanliness of the home environment is not associated with the incidence of Pityriasis versicolor infection. Abstrak: Pityriasis versikolor atau lebih dikenal dengan panu adalah infeksi jamur superfsial yang ditandai perubahan pigmen kulit akibat kolonisasi stratum korneum oleh jamur lipoflik dimorfk dari flora normal kulit. Pityriasis versikolor merupakan penyakit menular yang diperkirakan terjadi karena sanitasi (personal hygiene) yang buruk dan kurangnya air bersih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor-faktor personal hygiene terhadap infeksi pityriasis versikolor. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan retrospektif dimana peneliti berusaha melihat ke belakang (backward looking) terhadap kejadian pityriasis versikolor pada 76 nelayan yang terpilih sebagai responden dengan teknik simple random sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kebiasaan mandi (p = 0,000), kebersihan pakaian (p = 0,839), kebersihan handuk (p = 0,699), persediaan air bersih (p = 0,000), kebersihan lingkungan rumah (p = 0,588), untuk p < 0,05 maka faktor-faktor tersebut berhubungan terhadap terjadinya infeksi pityriasis versikolor pada nelayan di Desa Penjajap Kecamatan Pemangkat. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifkan antara kebiasaan mandi dan persediaan air bersih dengan kejadian infeksi pityriasis versikolor. Sedangkan kebersihan pakaian, kebersihan handuk, dan kebersihan lingkungan rumah tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian infeksi pityriasis versikolor.

Microbial Biofilms and Biotechnology – Some Perceptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subba Rao Toleti
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria ◽  
Prophylactic Vaccines ◽  
Design Construction

: The review is an attempt to introduce the readers in brief about biofilms and their implications as well as some new perceptions in biotechnology. Biofilms are adherent microbial communities, which are developed on submerged surfaces in aquatic environments. Biofilms play a significant role in exopolymer production, material deterioration and also cause harmful infections. Further, the role of corrosion causing biofilm bacteria in deterioration of different materials, microbial biofilms and their enzymatic processes in reducing the toxicity of pollutants in industrial effluents are elaborated, along with clean technologies for wastewater treatment. Biotechnology is defined as any technological application that uses biological systems to synthesize or modify products or processes. The applications include biochemical processes, medical care, cell and tissue culture as well as synthetic biology and others. Synthetic biology details about the design, construction of new biological components and systems for useful purposes. Finally, to overcome the limitations that are inherent to the use of cellular host’s, cell-free systems as critical platforms for synthetic biology applications. This mini-review also mentions about new diagnostic products based on enzymes, monoclonal antibodies and engineered proteins as well as novel prophylactic vaccines.

scholarly journals Aeromonas Sobria: a Rare Cause of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Figurek ◽  
Vlastimir Vlatkovic ◽  
Dragan Vojvodic
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Pseudomembranous Colitis ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Aeromonas Species ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Aeromonas Sobria ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Peritonitis is a very common complication in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The most common causes are gram positive cocci (part of the normal skin flora), and then gram negative bacteria, while fungi are listed as a rare cause of peritonitis. Aeromonas species are identified as a rare cause of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. Among them, Aeromonas hydrophila is somewhat more common, followed by Aeromonas caviae.Case presentation. We reported a case of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis caused by Aeromonas sobria that is extremely rare cause of this type of peritonitis. In our patient, pseudomembranous colitis occured as a complication and, reinfection – another episode of peritonitis with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Treatment with third-episode cephalosporins was successful and patient continued treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Conclusions. The rare causes of peritonitis should not be ignored, especially those which lead to increased morbidity and mortality of patients.

Spinal and Intracranial Epidural Abscess, and Subdural Empyema

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler R. West ◽  
Kelly J Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Abscess ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Subdural Empyema ◽  
Spinal Epidural Abscess ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Direct Extension ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Hematogenous Seeding

A spinal epidural abscess is an infection that resides in the epidural space of the spinal canal, and most commonly occurs from hematogenous seeding or direct extension from adjacent structures. Normal skin flora such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp are the most common organisms to cause an epidural abscess, typically when host immunity is compromised or due to barrier disruption. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous, but often will progress over time to spinal cord compression. Intracranial epidural abscess and subdural empyema occur within the skull and are frequently spread via direct extension of infections from contiguous structures or as complications from neurosurgical procedures. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential for improving morbidity and mortality.

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