scholarly journals Current and Future Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis

Scientifica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Minagar
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Glatiramer Acetate ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Incurable Disease

With the introduction of interferon-β1b in 1993 as the first FDA-approved treatment for multiple sclerosis, the era of treatment of this incurable disease began, and its natural course was permanently changed. Currently, seven different treatments for patients with multiple sclerosis with different mechanisms of action and dissimilar side effect profiles exist. These medications include interferon-β1a intramuscular (Avonex), interferon-β1a subcutaneous (Rebif), interferon-β1b subcutaneous (Betaseron/Extavia), glatiramer acetate (Copaxone), natalizumab (Tysabri), fingolimod (Gilenya), teriflunomide (Aubagio), and mitoxantrone (Novantrone). In addition, a large number of clinical trials are being conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of various experimental agents in patients with multiple sclerosis, including alemtuzumab, dimethyl fumarate, laquinimod, rituximab, daclizumab, and cladribine. In this paper, the author presents a concise and comprehensive review of present and potential treatments for this incurable disease.

scholarly journals Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antiparasitic Properties of Propolis: A Review

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1360
Author(s):  
Felix Zulhendri ◽  
Kavita Chandrasekaran ◽  
Magdalena Kowacz ◽  
Munir Ravalia ◽  
Krishna Kripal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Replication Process ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Cellular Organelles

Propolis is a complex phytocompound made from resinous and balsamic material harvested by bees from flowers, branches, pollen, and tree exudates.Humans have used propolis therapeutically for centuries. The aim of this article is to provide comprehensive review of the antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties of propolis. The mechanisms of action of propolis are discussed. There are two distinct impacts with regards to antimicrobial and anti-parasitic properties of propolis, on the pathogens and on the host. With regards to the pathogens, propolis acts by disrupting the ability of the pathogens to invade the host cells by forming a physical barrier and inhibiting enzymes and proteins needed for invasion into the host cells. Propolis also inhibits the replication process of the pathogens. Moreover, propolis inhibits the metabolic processes of the pathogens by disrupting cellular organelles and components responsible for energy production. With regard to the host, propolis functions as an immunomodulator. It upregulates the innate immunity and modulates the inflammatory signaling pathways. Propolis also helps maintain the host’s cellular antioxidant status. More importantly, a small number of human clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and the safety of propolis as an adjuvant therapy for pathogenic infections.

scholarly journals Risks and risk management in modern multiple sclerosis immunotherapeutic treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175628641983657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Klotz ◽  
Joachim Havla ◽  
Nicholas Schwab ◽  
Reinhard Hohlfeld ◽  
Michael Barnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
Target Effects

In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) owing to the approval of a number of new drugs with very distinct mechanisms of action. All approved disease-modifying drugs primarily work directly on the immune system. However, the identification of an ‘optimal choice’ for individual patients with regard to treatment efficacy, treatment adherence and side-effect profile has become increasingly complex including conceptual as well as practical considerations. Similarly, there are peculiarities and specific requirements with regard to treatment monitoring, especially in relation to immunosuppression, the development of secondary immune-related complications, as well as the existence of drug-specific on- and off-target effects. Both classical immunosuppression and selective immune interventions generate a spectrum of potential therapy-related complications. This article provides a comprehensive overview of available immunotherapeutics for MS and their risks, detailing individual mechanisms of action and side-effect profiles. Furthermore, practical recommendations for patients treated with modern MS immunotherapeutics are provided.

scholarly journals Use of newer disease-modifying therapies in pediatric multiple sclerosis in the US

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (19) ◽  
pp. e1778-e1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Krysko ◽  
Jennifer Graves ◽  
Mary Rensel ◽  
Bianca Weinstock-Guttman ◽  
Gregory Aaen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Disease Modifying

ObjectiveTo characterize the use and safety of newer disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in children with multiple sclerosis (MS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) treated under 18 years of age.MethodsThis is a cohort study including children with MS or CIS followed at 12 outpatient practices participating in the US Network of Pediatric MS Centers. DMT use, including duration, dose, and side effects, was analyzed. Newer DMTs were defined as agents receiving Food and Drug Administration approval or with increased use in adult MS after 2005.ResultsAs of July 2017, 1,019 pediatric patients with MS (n = 748) or CIS (n = 271) were enrolled (65% female, mean onset 13.0 ± 3.9 years, mean follow-up 3.5 ± 3.1 years, median 1.6 visits per year). Of these, 78% (n = 587) with MS and 11% (n = 31) with CIS received DMT before 18 years of age. This consisted of at least one newer DMT in 42%, including dimethyl fumarate (n = 102), natalizumab (n = 101), rituximab (n = 57), fingolimod (n = 37), daclizumab (n = 5), and teriflunomide (n = 3). Among 17%, the initial DMT prescribed was a newer agent (36 dimethyl fumarate, 30 natalizumab, 22 rituximab, 14 fingolimod, 2 teriflunomide). Over the last 10 years, the use of newer agents has increased, particularly in those ≥12 years and to lesser extent in those <12 years. The short-term side effect profiles of newer DMTs did not differ from those reported in adults.ConclusionNewer DMTs are often used in pediatric MS, and have similar short-term safety, tolerability, and side effect profiles as in adults. These findings may help inform pediatric MS management.

Safety and Efficacy of Dimethyl Fumarate in Multiple Sclerosis: An Italian, Multicenter, Real-World Study

CNS Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Mirabella ◽  
Luca Prosperini ◽  
Matteo Lucchini ◽  
Laura Boffa ◽  
Giovanna Borriello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
Safety And Efficacy

Dietary factors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis: A comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852092395
Author(s):  
Claire Valburg ◽  
Anup Sonti ◽  
Joel NH Stern ◽  
Souhel Najjar ◽  
Asaff Harel
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Background: Dietary intervention in multiple sclerosis carries potential therapeutic implications. While studies utilizing animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS) have demonstrated intriguing findings, well-designed clinical trials are few in number. Objective: The objective of this study is to review the animal model and clinical literature regarding dietary factors in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) and MS. Methods: This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of current animal model and clinical knowledge related to dietary factors in MS. Results: While there is currently little data for any specific diet in MS, there is growing evidence that certain dietary factors may influence the disease. Conclusions: Definitive information regarding dietary factors as a modifiable risk factor in MS will require larger randomized clinical trials.

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