scholarly journals Longer Life and Higher Fertility in an OLG Economy with Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Luciano Fanti
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Security System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Unfunded Social Security ◽  
The Cost

This paper investigates the effect of a change in life expectancy (i.e., longevity) on fertility in a standard OLG economy. The main result is that, in contrast with other papers, an increase in the longevity rate may increase the fertility rate as well. It is shown that such a result holds when the cost of rearing children in terms of goods and services (rather than in terms of forgone wages) matters. In particular, such a result depends on the relative “strength” of the capital in the technology as compared with the “strength” of the parsimony. Moreover it is shown, again in contrast with other papers, that with an unfunded social security system it is more likely that a longer life may increase the fertility. The latter result is even more likely in the presence of child subsidy policies, which are widespread in developed countries. In conclusion, we argue that in countries having a population with a high longevity, a high capital share, a large unfunded social security, and child subsidy policies (such as Italy), a further increase of longevity may increase fertility in the long run and thus partially alleviate the peril of the so-called “demographic bomb.”

scholarly journals Fertility, Union Wage Setting and Social Security System

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Leran Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Security System ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Endogenous Fertility ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
Child Allowances

<p>This study analyzes how a social security system composed of a public pension, child allowances, and unemployment insurance affects endogenous fertility and unemployment when the wage level is endogenously set by monopolistic trade unions in an overlapping generations model. The analysis reveals, first, that increased pension tax rates lead to a higher fertility rate when wages are higher but a lower rate when wages are lower. Second, an increased child allowances tax rates lead to an increased fertility rate when wages are lower but a decreased rate when wages are higher. Therefore, both social security and wage setting should be considered in order to improve fertility and reduce unemployment.</p>

On the management of retirement age indexed to life expectancy: a scenario analysis of the Italian longevity experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-231
Author(s):  
Mariarosaria Coppola ◽  
Maria Russolillo ◽  
Rosaria Simone
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Security System ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Model Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mortality Projection ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to measure the financial impact on social security system of a recently proposed indexation mechanism for retirement age by considering the Italian longevity experience. The analysis is motivated by the progressive increase in life expectancy at advanced age, which is rapidly bringing to the fore noticeable socio-economic consequences in most industrialized countries. Among those, the impact on National Social Security systems is particularly relevant if people live longer than expected; this will lead to greater financial exposure for pension providers. Design/methodology/approach Referring to the Italian population for illustrative purposes, the authors contemplate different scenarios for mortality projection methods and for the implementation of pension age shift while accounting for gender and cohort gaps and model risk. Synthetic indicators to measure the impact of the indexation mechanism on social security system are introduced on the basis of pension cash flows. Findings An indexation policy that manages gender gap while adjusting retirement age for varying life expectancy is proposed. As a result, sustainability of public retirement expenditure is improved. Originality/value The paper is a concise scenario analysis of the reduction of costs and risks that pension providers would have if the system resorted to link retirement age to life expectancy. The ideas fostered by the paper follow a recent proposal of the Authors on a flexible retirement scheme that deals with model risk for mortality projection and accounts for gender gap in mortality rates.

scholarly journals Cost effectiveness of health expenditures: A macro level study for developing and developed countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Syeda Anam Fatima Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Resource availability matters the most in health care system-based outcomes. But health spending is highly unequal across the world and presents varying outcomes. This study aims to investigate the missing part that why some countries failed to have reasonable outcomes despite spending more than those countries that spend less. This study intends to include all those factors that are responsible for improving the cost-effectiveness of health expenditures. The study took two data sets, one from the developing countries and second of developed countries as per World Bank classification. As anticipated, there are significant differences in health per capita expenditures. Determinants were also found to behave differently both in the short run and long run as well as across the two data sets.

scholarly journals Problems and strategies of fishermen's social security

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Du
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Safeguard Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Policy Systems

With the development of social economy and industry, fisheries also play an important role in the development of the country. In the process of fishery development, the problems in the fishermen's social security system are becoming more and more serious, and the types of problems are gradually increasing. Discovering the problems existing in the development of fisheries, and making up and correcting them in time, has an important role in promoting the development of fisheries and social and economic development. In recent years, the issue of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” has been a hot topic of discussion. During the course of the problem, the party and the government introduced a series of safeguard measures and policy systems. Based on this, this paper focuses on the problems existing in the fishermen's social security system and the measures to solve the problems. At the same time, the reasons for the reform of the fishermen's social security system are also briefly explained. The main reasons can be divided into four points, namely the cost of living, unemployment insurance for fishermen, fishery resources, and income of fishermen, etc., which are the reasons why the fishery social security system is in urgent need of optimization, contributing to the sustainable development and progress of fisheries.

scholarly journals MAIN MECHANISMS OF MONETARY POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AND THEIR FEATURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Oksana Shevchuk ◽  
◽  
Natalia Mentuh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Methodological Principles

This scientific article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical principles, legislation, scientific positions on improving the priorities and mechanisms of monetary policy in the national financial security system. The purpose of the study is to strengthen the process of national financial security. The subject of the study is to identify key points in the national financial security system and the implementation of theoretical and methodological principles, as well as scientific and practical recommendations for the implementation of mechanisms to improve monetary policy. The conceptual provisions of monetary policy and its provisions in the national system of economic and financial security are formulated. The authors substantiate that today the financial systems of individual countries, as well as other sectors of the economy, are improving and progressing in the context of globalization, the spread of IT technologies and general computerization; Electronic cryptocurrency replaces traditional money issued by the state. It is substantiated that over the last year the cryptocurrency has won the interest not only of people, but of entire states, which have begun to actively introduce this currency into their daily circulation. This means of payment is already gaining momentum in use in developed countries. The focus is on the analysis of the concept of "blockchain". The article states that today Ukraine is among the ten countries in the world in the number of bitcoin nodes in the global bitcoin network, the leader in the number of bitcoin businessmen. The study summarizes the methods, tools and means of state regulation in the monetary sphere in order to strengthen the financial security of the state. The conceptual basis for the formation and implementation of monetary policy has been developed. The authors conclude that the strategic vector of movement for Ukraine is the need to adopt a specialized legislative act "On cryptocurrency circulation in Ukraine" in order to create conditions for the introduction of network segmentation technologies, which in the long run will reduce globalization and further develop cryptocurrency market infrastructure.

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