scholarly journals Baseline-Dependent Responses of Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics to Climate and Land Disturbances

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengxi Tan ◽  
Shuguang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Realistic Option ◽  
Managed Ecosystems ◽  
Land Use And Management

Terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration through optimizing land use and management is widely considered a realistic option to mitigate the global greenhouse effect. But how the responses of individual ecosystems to changes in land use and management are related to baseline soil organic C (SOC) levels still needs to be evaluated at various scales. In this study, we modeled SOC dynamics within both natural and managed ecosystems in North Dakota of the United States and found that the average SOC stock in the top 20 cm depth of soil lost at a rate of 450 kg C ha−1 yr−1in cropland and 110 kg C ha−1 yr−1in grassland between 1971 and 1998. Since 1998, the study area had become a SOC sink at a rate of 44 kg C ha−1 yr−1. The annual rate of SOC change in all types of lands substantially depends on the magnitude of initial SOC contents, but such dependency varies more with climatic variables within natural ecosystems and with management practices within managed ecosystems. Additionally, soils with high baseline SOC stocks tend to be C sources following any land surface disturbances, whereas soils having low baseline C contents likely become C sinks following conservation management.

scholarly journals Overview of Mollisols in the world: Distribution, land use and management

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Liu ◽  
Charles Lee Burras ◽  
Yuri S. Kravchenko ◽  
Artigas Duran ◽  
Ted Huffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
North America ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
The World ◽  
Land Use And Management ◽  
World Distribution

Liu, X., Burras, C. L., Kravchenko, Y. S., Duran, A., Huffman, T., Morras, H., Studdert, G., Zhang, X., Cruse, R. M. and Yuan, X. 2012. Overview of Mollisols in the world: Distribution, land use and management. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 383–402. Mollisols – a.k.a., Black Soils or Prairie Soils – make up about 916 million ha, which is 7% of the world's ice-free land surface. Their distribution strongly correlates with native prairie ecosystems, but is not limited to them. They are most prevalent in the mid-latitudes of North America, Eurasia, and South America. In North America, they cover 200 million ha of the United States, more than 40 million ha of Canada and 50 million ha of Mexico. Across Eurasia they cover around 450 million ha, extending from the western 148 million ha in southern Russia and 34 million ha in Ukraine to the eastern 35 million ha in northeast China. They are common to South America's Argentina and Uruguay, covering about 89 million and 13 million ha, respectively. Mollisols are often recognized as inherently productive and fertile soils. They are extensively and intensively farmed, and increasingly dedicated to cereals production, which needs significant inputs of fertilizers and tillage. Mollisols are also important soils in pasture, range and forage systems. Thus, it is not surprising that these soils are prone to soil erosion, dehumification (loss of stable aggregates and organic matter) and are suffering from anthropogenic soil acidity. Therefore, soil scientists from all of the world's Mollisols regions are concerned about the sustainability of some of current trends in land use and agricultural practices. These same scientists recommend increasing the acreage under minimum or restricted tillage, returning plant residues and adding organic amendments such as animal manure to maintain or increase soil organic matter content, and more systematic use of chemical amendments such as agricultural limestone to replenish soil calcium reserves.

scholarly journals Modeling the impact of agricultural land use and management on US carbon budgets

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2119-2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Drewniak ◽  
U. Mishra ◽  
J. Song ◽  
J. Prell ◽  
V. R. Kotamarthi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
Land Use And Management ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Cultivation of the terrestrial land surface can create either a source or sink of atmospheric CO2, depending on land management practices. The Community Land Model (CLM) provides a useful tool for exploring how land use and management impact the soil carbon pool at regional to global scales. CLM was recently updated to include representation of managed lands growing maize, soybean, and spring wheat. In this study, CLM-Crop is used to investigate the impacts of various management practices, including fertilizer use and differential rates of crop residue removal, on the soil organic carbon (SOC) storage of croplands in the continental United States over approximately a 170-year period. Results indicate that total US SOC stocks have already lost over 8 Pg C (10%) due to land cultivation practices (e.g., fertilizer application, cultivar choice, and residue removal), compared to a land surface composed of native vegetation (i.e., grasslands). After long periods of cultivation, individual subgrids (the equivalent of a field plot) growing maize and soybean lost up to 65% of the carbon stored compared to a grassland site. Crop residue management showed the greatest effect on soil carbon storage, with low and medium residue returns resulting in additional losses of 5 and 3.5%, respectively, in US carbon storage, while plots with high residue returns stored 2% more carbon. Nitrogenous fertilizer can alter the amount of soil carbon stocks significantly. Under current levels of crop residue return, not applying fertilizer resulted in a 5% loss of soil carbon. Our simulations indicate that disturbance through cultivation will always result in a loss of soil carbon, and management practices will have a large influence on the magnitude of SOC loss.

scholarly journals The role of soil in regulation of climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1834) ◽  
pp. 20210084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rattan Lal ◽  
Curtis Monger ◽  
Luke Nave ◽  
Pete Smith
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Land Use And Management

The soil carbon (C) stock, comprising soil organic C (SOC) and soil inorganic C (SIC) and being the largest reservoir of the terrestrial biosphere, is a critical part of the global C cycle. Soil has been a source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) since the dawn of settled agriculture about 10 millenia ago. Soils of agricultural ecosystems are depleted of their SOC stocks and the magnitude of depletion is greater in those prone to accelerated erosion by water and wind and other degradation processes. Adoption of judicious land use and science-based management practices can lead to re-carbonization of depleted soils and make them a sink for atmospheric C. Soils in humid climates have potential to increase storage of SOC and those in arid and semiarid climates have potential to store both SOC and SIC. Payments to land managers for sequestration of C in soil, based on credible measurement of changes in soil C stocks at farm or landscape levels, are also important for promoting adoption of recommended land use and management practices. In conjunction with a rapid and aggressive reduction in GHG emissions across all sectors of the economy, sequestration of C in soil (and vegetation) can be an important negative emissions method for limiting global warming to 1.5 or 2°C This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People’.

scholarly journals Organic carbon stocks in Mediterranean soil types under different land uses (Southern Spain)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1095-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muñoz-Rojas ◽  
A. Jordán ◽  
L. M. Zavala ◽  
D. De la Rosa ◽  
S. K. Abd-Elmabod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Mediterranean Systems ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Land Use And Management

Abstract. Soil C sequestration through changes in land use and management is one of the sustainable and long-term strategies to mitigate climate change. This research explores and quantifies the role of soil and land use as determinants of the ability of soils to store C along Mediterranean systems. Detailed studies of soil organic C (SOC) dynamics are necessary in order to identify factors determining fluctuations and intensity of changes. In this study, SOC contents from different soil and land use types have been investigated in Andalusia (S Spain). We have used soil information from different databases, as well as land use digital maps, climate databases and digital elevation models. The average SOC content for each soil control section (0–25, 25–50 and 50–75 cm) was determined and SOC stocks were calculated for each combination of soil and land use type, using soil and land cover maps. The total organic C stock in soils of Andalusia is 415 Tg for the upper 75 cm, with average values ranging from 15.9 Mg C ha−1 (Solonchaks under "arable land") to 107.6 Mg C ha−1 (Fluvisols from "wetlands"). Up to 55% of SOC accumulates in the top 25 cm of soil (229.7 Tg). This research constitutes a preliminary assessment for modelling SOC stock under scenarios of land use and climate change.

scholarly journals Organic carbon stocks in Mediterranean soil types under different land uses (Southern Spain)

Solid Earth ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muñoz-Rojas ◽  
A. Jordán ◽  
L. M. Zavala ◽  
D. De la Rosa ◽  
S. K. Abd-Elmabod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Mediterranean Systems ◽  
Land Use And Management

Abstract. Soil C sequestration through changes in land use and management is one of the sustainable and long-term strategies to mitigate climate change. This research explores and quantifies the role of soil and land use as determinants of the ability of soils to store C along Mediterranean systems. Detailed studies of soil organic C (SOC) dynamics are necessary in order to identify factors determining fluctuations and intensity of changes. In this study, SOC contents from different soil and land use types have been investigated in Andalusia (Southern Spain). We have used soil information from different databases, as well as land use digital maps, climate databases and digital elevation models. The average SOC content for each soil control section (0–25, 25–50 and 50–75 cm) was determined and SOC stocks were calculated for each combination of soil and land use type, using soil and land cover maps. The total organic C stocks in soils of Andalusia is 415 Tg for the upper 75 cm, with average values ranging from 15.9 Mg C ha−1 (Solonchaks under "arable land") to 107.6 Mg C ha−1 (Fluvisols from "wetlands"). Up to 55% of SOC accumulates in the top 25 cm of soil (229.7 Tg). This research constitutes a preliminary assessment for modelling SOC stock under scenarios of land use and climate change.

scholarly journals Modeling the impact of agricultural land use and management on US carbon budgets

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 13675-13698 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Drewniak ◽  
U. Mishra ◽  
J. Song ◽  
J. Prell ◽  
V. R. Kotamarthi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
Land Use And Management ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Cultivation of the terrestrial land surface can create either a source or sink of atmospheric CO2, depending on land management practices. The Community Land Model (CLM) provides a useful tool to explore how land use and management impact the soil carbon pool at regional to global scales. CLM was recently updated to include representation of managed lands growing maize, soybean, and spring wheat. In this study, CLM-Crop is used to investigate the impacts of various management practices, including fertilizer use and differential rates of crop residue removal, on the soil organic carbon (SOC) storage of croplands in the continental United States over approximately a 170 year period. Results indicate that total US SOC stocks have already lost over 8 Pg C (10%) due to land cultivation practices (e.g., fertilizer application, cultivar choice, and residue removal), compared to a land surface composed of native vegetation (i.e., grasslands). After long periods of cultivation, individual plots growing maize and soybean lost up to 65% of the carbon stored, compared to a grassland site. Crop residue management showed the greatest effect on soil carbon storage, with low and medium residue returns resulting in additional losses of 5% and 3.5%, respectively, in US carbon storage, while plots with high residue returns stored 2% more carbon. Nitrogenous fertilizer can alter the amount of soil carbon stocks significantly. Under current levels of crop residue return, not applying fertilizer resulted in a 5% loss of soil carbon. Our simulations indicate that disturbance through cultivation will always result in a loss of soil carbon, and management practices will have a large influence on the magnitude of SOC loss.

scholarly journals Food security among dryland pastoralists and agropastoralists: The climate, land-use change, and population dynamics nexus

2021 ◽  
pp. 205301962110075
Author(s):  
Ilan Stavi ◽  
Joana Roque de Pinho ◽  
Anastasia K Paschalidou ◽  
Susana B Adamo ◽  
Kathleen Galvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Land Use And Management

During the last decades, pastoralist, and agropastoralist populations of the world’s drylands have become exceedingly vulnerable to regional and global changes. Specifically, exacerbated stressors imposed on these populations have adversely affected their food security status, causing humanitarian emergencies and catastrophes. Of these stressors, climate variability and change, land-use and management practices, and dynamics of human demography are of a special importance. These factors affect all four pillars of food security, namely, food availability, access to food, food utilization, and food stability. The objective of this study was to critically review relevant literature to assess the complex web of interrelations and feedbacks that affect these factors. The increasing pressures on the world’s drylands necessitate a comprehensive analysis to advise policy makers regarding the complexity and linkages among factors, and to improve global action. The acquired insights may be the basis for alleviating food insecurity of vulnerable dryland populations.

scholarly journals Exploring the variability of soil nutrient outflows as influenced by land use and management practices in contrasting agro-ecological environments

2021 ◽  
pp. 147450
Author(s):  
Temesgen Mulualem ◽  
Enyew Adgo ◽  
Derege Tsegaye Meshesha ◽  
Atsushi Tsunekawa ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Land Use And Management
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