scholarly journals Characterization of Ladle Furnace Slag from Carbon Steel Production as a Potential Adsorbent

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankica Rađenović ◽  
Jadranka Malina ◽  
Tahir Sofilić
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Ladle Furnace ◽  
Secondary Refining ◽  
Furnace Slag

A promising type of steel slag for applications is the ladle furnace (LF) slag, which is also known as the basic slag, the reducing slag, the white slag, and the secondary refining slag. The LF slag is a byproduct from further refining molten steel after coming out of a basic oxygen furnace (BOF) or an electric arc furnace (EAF). The use of the LF slag in further applications requires knowledge of its characteristics. The LF slag characterization in this paper has been performed using the following analytical methods: chemical analysis by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), mineralogical composition by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area properties by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods, surface chemistry by infrared absorption (FTIR) spectroscopy, and morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the main compounds are calcium, silicon, magnesium, and aluminium oxides, and calcium silicates under their various allotropic forms are the major compounds in the LF slag. Surface area properties have shown that the LF slag is a mesoporous material with relatively great BET surface area. The ladle furnace slag is a nonhazardous industrial waste because the ecotoxicity evaluation by its eluate has shown that the LF slag does not contain constituents which might in any way affect the environment harmfully.

scholarly journals Other Properties (BET Surface Area, Conductivity, Organic Matter, and pH)

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Modi Ahmed ◽  
Khaliq Beg
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
List Type

Abstract Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) test were applied to dust samples in which samples (BET) surface area is highly related to the roundness of dust particles. The higher angularity and low roundness of the dust particles show a higher (BET) surface area. The roundness is also related to the particlesize distribution and mineralogical composition. The electrical conductivity test relates very well with the chemical and physical properties of dust samples in the transmission of an electrical current. The organic matter content was measured using the ignition method and the pH of the samples was recorded. Maps of the distribution of high and low BET concentrations, electrical conductivity EC, organic matter content, pH.

scholarly journals Fluid Permeability of Ground Steel Slag-Blended Composites Evaluated by Pore Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jin Yang ◽  
Jian Jiang ◽  
Ying Su ◽  
Xingyang He ◽  
Yingbin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Pore Radius ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Throat Radius ◽  
Basic Oxygen ◽  
Fluid Permeability ◽  
Gel Porosity ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

The resource utilization of steel slag has attracted wide attention. In the present work, the pore structure of cement paste with and without ground basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) up to 180 days was investigated by mercury intrusion porosimetry. Permeability was evaluated from the tested pore structure. Results indicate that the porosity, critical pore radius, pore-throat radius, and permeability are increased with the BOFS content and levels off after 28 days. Lower gel porosity and higher coarse capillary porosity were observed in BOFS-blended composites. The calculated permeability (around 0.30–7.49 × 10−19 m2) based on the pore structure agrees well with the range of reported experimental measurements. Well-correlated linear and power-law relationship was noticed between permeability and porosity and characteristic pore radius, respectively.

scholarly journals Compressive Strength and Microstructure Properties of Alkali-Activated Systems with Blast Furnace Slag, Desulfurization Slag, and Gypsum

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong-Suk Cho ◽  
Kyung-Mo Koo ◽  
Se-Jin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

This study investigates the effect of desulfurization slag (DS) and gypsum (G) on the compressive strength and microstructure properties of blast furnace slag-(BFS-) based alkali-activated systems. DS is produced in a Kambara reactor process of molten iron produced in a steel production process. DS contains CaO, SiO2, Fe2O3, and SO3 and is composed of Ca(OH)2 and 2CaO·SiO2 as main compounds. In this investigation, the weight of BFS was replaced by DS at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%. In addition, G was also applied at 9, 12, and 15% by weight of BFS to improve the compressive strength of the alkali-activated system with BFS and DS. According to this investigation, the compressive strength of the alkali-activated mixes with BFS and DS ranged from 14.9 MPa (B95D5) to 19.8 MPa (B90D10) after 91 days. However, the 28 days compressive strength of the alkali-activated mixes with BFS, DS, and G reached 39.1 MPa, 45.2 MPa, and 48.4 MPa, respectively, which were approximately 78.8 to 97.5% of that of O100 mix (49.6 MPa). The main hydrates of the BFS-DS (B80D20) binder sample were Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, and low-crystalline calcium silicate hydrates, while the main hydration product of BFS-DS-G (B75D10G15) binder was found as ettringite. The use of BFS-DS-G binders would result in the value-added utilization of steel slag and provide an environmentally friendly construction material, and contribute to a reduction of CO2 in the cement industry.

Steam and Autoclave Treatments on Structure Characteristics of Steel Slag

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1919-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Lin Zhao ◽  
Jochen Stark ◽  
Ernst Freyburg ◽  
Ming Kai Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Steel Slag ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Free Lime ◽  
Basic Oxygen ◽  
Volume Stability ◽  
Structure Characteristics ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace Slag ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

Together with the chemical analysis as well as XRD and DTA, effects of steam and autoclave treatments on structure characteristics of basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) and electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) are investigated. The results show that steam and autoclave treatments on slag contribute to the conversion of f-CaO and f-MgO to Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 ,which improve the volume stability of slag by reducing the contents of free lime and periclase, and the autoclave treatment is more effective. Meanwhile, for the utilization of steel slag, the effects on the volume stability by CaO and MgO that were wrapped in eutectic in the crystallite form should be a key factor, besides the contents of f-CaO and coarse periclase crystalline. The thermal reactivity of slag treated by steam and autoclave increased, especially the reactivity of elemental iron and wuestite. The reactivity of EAFS increased more significantly at high temperature due to its higher content of iron.

scholarly journals Treatment and utilization of artificial aggregate in the production of cement composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
R Papesch ◽  
K Macalova ◽  
J Charvat ◽  
T Dvorsky ◽  
V Vaclavik
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Steel Ladle ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Ladle Slag ◽  
Raw Materials Policy

Abstract The aim of the work is to find a suitable way of treatment of steel ladle slag for subsequent use as a partial replacement of the binder component in cement composites. The goal is based on the raw materials policy of the Czech Republic. Within this work is solved the issue of possible use of steel slag as the largest by-product of steel production. The work is focused on a specific ladle slag from ladle furnaces, by which are equipped the modern steel plants. Ladle slag is similar in chemical composition to Portland cement. However, its mineralogical composition should be taken into account in relation to its expansion reactions and lower hydraulic activity. One of the goals is the research of effect of particle size in cement-slag mixtures. The slag was ground for research on two different specific surfaces - coarsely in a vibrating mill and finely in a ball mill. The research within the experimental part of the work verified the positive influence of ladle slag on the properties of fresh and hardened mortar mixtures. Tensile bending strengths and compressive strengths are for some mixtures with ladle slag even higher than the strengths of the reference mixtures.

Ladle Furnace Slag as a Sustainable Binder for Masonry Mortars

2019 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih Yin Chang ◽  
Chao Shi Chen ◽  
Chia Huei Tu ◽  
Ya Wen Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Setting Time ◽  
Ladle Furnace ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Secondary Refining ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Industrial Waste Management ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Magnesium Silicates ◽  
Furnace Slag

Nowadays, the environmental aspect of industrial waste management has got urgent. The reusing of these residues in the civil building is increasing, since all industries have developed a growing concern for the emptying of natural resources. The ladle furnace slag (LDF-slag), a by-product of the secondary refining of steel, is mainly composed of calcium and calcium magnesium silicates. It has the potential to be a sustainable binder for mortars because the composition of LDF-slag is fairly similar to Portland cement (PC) clinker. Thus, this paper aims to improve the cementitious properties of LDF slag. The properties of cement mortars with LDF-slag were investigated including water demand of normal consistency, setting time and compressive strength. The experimental results show that the suitable specific surface area of LDF-slag is 1200 cm2/g (cement replacement amount is 20 wt%) and addition of LDF-slag with different fineness has retarding effect on cement.

scholarly journals A Review of the Influence of Steel Furnace Slag Type on the Properties of Cementitious Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8210
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Brand ◽  
Ebenezer O. Fanijo
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Cementitious Composite ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Material ◽  
Steel Furnace ◽  
Bof Slag ◽  
Free Cao ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Composite Properties

The type of steel furnace slag (SFS), including electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF) slag, and argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) slag, can significantly affect the composite properties when used as an aggregate or as a supplementary cementitious material in bound applications, such as concretes, mortars, alkali-activated materials, and stabilized soils. This review seeks to collate the findings from the literature to express the variability in material properties and to attempt to explain the source(s) of the variability. It was found that SFS composition and properties can be highly variable, including different compositions on the exterior and interior of a given SFS particle, which can affect bonding conditions and be one source of variability on composite properties. A suite of tests is proposed to better assess a given SFS stock for potential use in bound applications; at a minimum, the SFS should be evaluated for free CaO content, expansion potential, mineralogical composition, cementitious composite mechanical properties, and chemical composition with secondary tests, including cementitious composite durability properties, microstructural characterization, and free MgO content.

Achieving stable steelmaking basic oxygen furnace slag through treatment by self-disintegration high pressure process

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Ben Peng ◽  
Yue-Dong Wu ◽  
Chang-Sheng Yue ◽  
Yu-Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Thermodynamic Evaluation ◽  
Basic Oxygen ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

The basic oxygen furnace slag generated during steelmaking can be reused as aggregates in civil engineering because of its chemical composition and technological properties. However, the utilization of steel slag in practical applications is quite low due to its low volume stability. In this work, highly stable slag is obtained by the environmental-friendly self-disintegration high pressure (SDHP) process. In this method, the molten slag is initially crushed to form numerous small bulks. Subsequently, the slag bulks are treated by the self-disintegration process at a high pressure to obtain the highly stable steel slag. Thermodynamic evaluation and experimental investigation reveal that high pressure of steam promotes the hydration reaction. At a pressure of 0.2 MPa, the free lime (f-CaO) content and immersion expansion rate of the steel slag treated by this method are reduced to 1.5% and 0.9%, respectively. Both of these values satisfy the requirements specified in the national standards (GB/T 25029-2010 and GB/T 20491-2006). Moreover, the treatment time is reduced to 1.5 h, which is far lower than the treatment times required for traditional methods.

Analysis of Mechanical Performance and Microstructure of Steel Slag Processed with Accelerated Carbonation

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 1240-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Sheng Wu ◽  
Hong Xia Gu ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Chang Sen Zhang ◽  
Zhi An Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Accelerated Carbonation ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Sample Density ◽  
Before And After

The accelerated carbonation with different pressure steaming conditions was used to process the steel slag, so the slag could turn into a primary cementitious product with carbonation activity. XRD, FTIR, TG, N2 absorption BET surface area analyzer and SEM were used to characterize the mineral and chemical compositions and microstructure of each sample before and after the carbonation. The results show that: the carbonation products with different morphologies are formed under different temperature conditions. The optimum temperature for the accelerated carbonation for processing the steel slag is selected to be 90 °C, which results in the compressive strength of 32.8 MPa. The BET specific surface area of the steel slag reduces after carbonation, the sample density increased after carbonation.

Metallurgical By-Products in Earthworks, Hazards of their Utilization

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 98-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Kresta
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Nonferrous Metal ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Volume Stability ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
By Products

Metallurgical by-products, primarily blast furnace and steel slag, have ranked among important alternative sources of fill as well as of material for the structural layers in highways. The properties of aggregates based on blast furnace or steel slag are determined to a decisive degree by the process employed by the specific ironmaker or steelmaker in question, or as the case may be, the specific producer of a nonferrous metal. Main hazards of metallurgical by-products are closely connected to their chemical and mineralogical composition and they are resulted in volume changes. Pavement deformation of the D47 motorway does not constitute Czech Republic’s first example of damage to an engineering structure due to volume changes of metallurgical by-products, but since this problem became widely known it drew greater attention to the problems of volume stability of the metallurgical by-products. Comparison of blast furnace slag, steel slag and other metallurgical by products parameters allow us to define the most hazardous material as steelworks waste. It is surprising that such material obtained a certificate based on which it was used as fill.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document