scholarly journals Modulation of Brain Electroencephalography Oscillations by Electroacupuncture in a Rat Model of Postincisional Pain

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Xuezhu Li ◽  
Duan Li ◽  
Xiao-Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Band ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Beta Frequency

The present study aimed to investigate how ongoing brain rhythmical oscillations changed during the postoperative pain and whether electroacupuncture (EA) regulated these brain oscillations when it relieved pain. We established a postincisional pain model of rats with plantar incision to mimic the clinical pathological pain state, tested the analgesic effects of EA, and recorded electroencephalography (EEG) activities before and after the EA application. By analysis of power spectrum and bicoherence of EEG, we found that in rats with postincisional pain, ongoing activities at the delta-frequency band decreased, while activities at theta-, alpha-, and beta-frequency bands increased. EA treatment on these postincisional pain rats decreased the power at high-frequency bands especially at the beta-frequency band and reversed the enhancement of the cross-frequency coupling strength between the beta band and low-frequency bands. After searching for the PubMed, our study is the first time to describe that brain oscillations are correlated with the processing of spontaneous pain information in postincisional pain model of rats, and EA could regulate these brain rhythmical frequency oscillations, including the power and cross-frequency couplings.

scholarly journals Spillovers of Stock Markets among the BRICS: New Evidence in Time and Frequency Domains before the Outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Kai Shi
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Systematic Risk ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Volatility Spillovers ◽  
Risk Sources

We attempted to comprehensively decode the connectedness among the abbreviation of five emerging market countries (BRICS) stock markets between 1 August 2002 and 31 December 2019 not only in time domain but also in frequency domain. A continuously varying spillover index based on forecasting error variance decomposition within a generalized abbreviation of vector-autoregression (VAR) framework was computed. With the help of spectral representation, heterogeneous frequency responses to shocks were separated into frequency-specific spillovers in five different frequency bands to reveal differentiated linkages among BRICS markets. Rolling sample analyses were introduced to allow for multiple changes during the sample period. It is found that return spillovers dominated by the high frequency band (within 1 week) part declined with the drop of frequencies, while volatility spillovers dominated by the low frequency band (above 1 quarter) part grew with the decline in frequencies; the dynamics of spillovers were influenced by crucial systematic risk events, and some similarities implied in the spillover dynamics in different frequency bands were found. From the perspective of identifying systematic risk sources, China’s stock market and Russia’s stock market, respectively, played an influential role for return spillover and volatility spillover across BRICS markets.

An Effective Brain Imaging Biomarker for AD and aMCI: ALFF in Slow-5 Frequency Band

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luoyu Wang ◽  
Qi Feng ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Tingting Zhu ◽  
Enyan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Local Functional ◽  
Left Angular Gyrus

Background: As a potential brain imaging biomarker, amplitude of low frequency fluc-tuation (ALFF) has been used as a feature to distinguish patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from normal controls (NC). However, it remains unclear whether the frequency-dependent pattern of ALFF alterations can effectively distinguish the different phases of the disease. Methods: In the present study, 52 AD and 50 aMCI patients were enrolled together with 43 NC in total. The ALFF values were calculated in the following three frequency bands: classical (0.01-0.08 Hz), slow-4 (0.027-0.073 Hz) and slow-5 (0.01-0.027 Hz) for the three different groups. Subsequently, the local functional abnormalities were employed as features to examine the effect of classification among AD, aMCI and NC using a support vector machine (SVM). Results: We found that the among-group differences of ALFF in the different frequency bands were mainly located in the left hippocampus (HP), right HP, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and bilateral precuneus (PCu), left angular gyrus (AG) and left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). When the local functional abnormalities were employed as features, we identified that the ALFF in the slow-5 frequency band showed the highest accuracy to distinguish among the three groups. Conclusion: These findings may deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD and suggest that slow-5 frequency band may be helpful to explore the pathogenesis and distinguish the phases of this disease.

Determining patterns of motor recruitment during locomotion

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Wakeling ◽  
Motoshi Kaya ◽  
Genevieve K. Temple ◽  
Ian A. Johnston ◽  
Walter Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Motor Unit ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Motor Unit Recruitment ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Myoelectric Signals ◽  
Frequency Bands

SUMMARY Motor units are the functional units of muscle contraction in vertebrates. Each motor unit comprises muscle fibres of a particular fibre type and can be considered as fast or slow depending on its fibre-type composition. Motor units are typically recruited in a set order, from slow to fast, in response to the force requirements from the muscle. The anatomical separation of fast and slow muscle in fish permits direct recordings from these two fibre types. The frequency spectra from different slow and fast myotomal muscles were measured in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. These two muscle fibre types generated distinct low and high myoelectric frequency bands. The cat paw-shake is an activity that recruits mainly fast muscle. This study showed that the myoelectric signal from the medial gastrocnemius of the cat was concentrated in a high frequency band during paw-shake behaviour. During slow walking, the slow motor units of the medial gastrocnemius are also recruited, and this appeared as increased muscle activity within a low frequency band. Therefore, high and low frequency bands could be distinguished in the myoelectric signals from the cat medial gastrocnemius and probably corresponded, respectively, to fast and slow motor unit recruitment. Myoelectric signals are resolved into time/frequency space using wavelets to demonstrate how patterns of motor unit recruitment can be determined for a range of locomotor activities.

On the pharmacological effects of two lidocaine concentrations tested on spontaneous and evoked pain in human painful neuroma: A new clinical model of neuropathic pain

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Adriana Miclescu ◽  
Björn Hägglöf ◽  
Martin Schmelz ◽  
Torsten Gordh
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Level ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Clinical Model ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Before And After

AbstractAimsSpontaneous and evoked pains are key symptoms of patients with neuropathic pain and there is a current discussion on the predictive value of evoked pain read outs for the reduction of spontaneous pain. Here we describe a new clinical model of neuropathic pain that may be useful for evaluation of new drugs. We also report the effects of lidocaine in this model as reference values.MethodsIn a randomized double-blind experiment, the analgesic effects of local lidocaine were investigated separately for spontaneous pain and for stimulus-evoked allodynia and hyperalgesia in sixteen patients with painful neuromas after traumatic nerve injuries in the upper extremities. The patterns of sensory changes were compared before and after treatment with lidocaine (0.1% or 0.5%, 1 ml), with 1–2 weeks interval, injected close to the neuroma. Spontaneous and evoked pains were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and quantitative/qualitative sensory testing.ResultsLidocaine dose-dependently reduced spontaneous and evoked pain scores by more than 90% with maximum effects between 1 and 5 min for evoked pain and between 3 and 15 min for spontaneous pain. While evoked pain normalized rapidly reaching about 50% of the control level 20 minutes after the injection spontaneous pain levels were lower than 25% at this time. Moreover, in 4 patients the reduction of ongoing pain lasted 24 h whereas evoked pain had returned to baseline levels in all the patients after 1 h.ConclusionDifferential analgesic effects of local lidocaine on spontaneous and evoked pain suggest that different mechanism underlie these two key clinical symptoms. Thus, clinical trials assessing localized traumatic neuropathic pain should investigate both aspects of pain separately with the proposed model allowing testing of new drugs systemically or locally administered.

scholarly journals Ameliorating Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Acustimulation at Neiguan (PC6) and Zusanli (ST36) Acupoints Combined with Adaptive Biofeedback Training on Functional Outlet Obstruction Constipation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Hulin Chen ◽  
Dewei Wu ◽  
Ruiling Wei ◽  
Chaolan Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Band ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Balloon Expulsion ◽  
Group A ◽  
Functional Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Group B ◽  
Balloon Expulsion Test

Background. Stimulant laxatives are still considered the most common treatment for functional outlet obstruction constipation (FOOC). However, the effectiveness of laxatives is unsatisfactory, and the long-term use of laxatives may cause certain adverse events. With this in mind, it is, however, paramount that novel complementary treatment(s) and/or other forms of alternative medicine are adequately investigated. Aims. The study aims to explore the effects and potential mechanism(s) of transcutaneous electrical acustimulation (TEA) combined with adaptive biofeedback training (ABT) on FOOC. Methods. A total of forty-five patients with FOOC were recruited and were randomly assigned to receive either Macrogol 4000 Powder (MAC, 10 g bid) (group A, n = 15) only, ABT + MAC + Sham-TEA (group B, n = 15), or TEA + ABT + MAC (group C, n = 15) in a six-week study. Individual patients' constipation-symptoms (PAC-SYM) and constipation-quality of life (PAC-QOL) were both assessed and scored. Serum acetylcholine (Ach) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured from drawn blood samples while individual patients' heart rate variability (HRV) was calculated at baseline and after each corresponding therapy. Anorectal manometry and balloon expulsion test were both performed before and after treatment. Results. Firstly, participants in group C had significantly lower scores of PAC-SYM, PAC-QOL, and a decreased anal defecating pressure (ADP) as compared to participants in group B (all p<0.050). These results, however, suggest the TEAs effect. Secondly, the low-frequency band (LF)/(LF + HF) ratio in groups B and C were decreased as compared to group A (p=0.037, p=0.010, respectively) regarding HRV. On the other hand, the high-frequency band (HF)/(LF + HF) ratio in groups B and C showed an opposite outcome. Finally, the serum Ach in groups B and C was significantly higher as compared to group A (p=0.023, p=0.012, respectively). Of significant importance, the serum NO in groups B and C were notably low as compared to group A (p=0.001, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions. TEA, combined with ABT, effectively improves constipation symptoms as well as QOL in FOOC patients. It is, however, achieved by decreasing ADP, which mechanisms are mediated via the autonomic and enteric mechanisms.

Heart rate variability and dissociation in panic disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 147-147
Author(s):  
T. Diveky ◽  
D. Kamaradova ◽  
A. Grambal ◽  
K. Latalova ◽  
J. Prasko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

The aim of our study is to measure very low frequency band (VLF), low frequency band (LF) and high frequency band (HF) components of R-R interval during orthostatic experiment in panic disorder patients before and after treatment.MethodsWe assessed heart rate variability in 19 patients with panic disorder before and after 6-weeks treatment with antidepressants combined with CBT and 18 healthy controls. They were regularly assessed on the CGI, BAI and BDI. Heart rate variability was assessed during 5 min standing, 5 min supine and 5 min standing positions before and after the treatment. Power spectra were computed using a fast Fourier transformation for very low frequency - VLF (0.0033 - 0.04 Hz), low-frequency - LF (0.04-0.15 Hz) and high frequency - HF (0.15-0.40 Hz) powers.Results19 panic disorder patients entered a 6-week open-label treatment study with combination of SSRI and cognitive behavioral therapy. A combination of CBT and pharmacotherapy proved to be the effective treatment of patients. They significantly improved in all rating scales. There were highly statistical significant differences between panic patients and control group in all components of power spectral analysis in 2nd and in two component of 3rd (LF and HF in standing) positions. There was also statistically significant difference between these two groups in LF/HF ratio in supine position (2nd). During therapy there was tendency to increasing values in all three positions in components of HRV power spectra, but there was only statistically significant increasing in HF1 component.Supported by project IGA MZ ČR NS 10301-3/2009

scholarly journals Surprise About Sensory Event Timing Drives Cortical Transients in the Beta Frequency Band

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Meindertsma ◽  
N.A. Kloosterman ◽  
A.K. Engel ◽  
E.J. Wagenmakers ◽  
T.H. Donner
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Band ◽  
Ideal Observer ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Statistical Structure ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Sensory Event ◽  
Event Timing ◽  
Beta Frequency Band ◽  
Observer Model ◽  
Beta Frequency

AbstractLearning the statistical structure of the environment is crucial for adaptive behavior. Humans and non-human decision-makers seem to track such structure through a process of probabilistic inference, which enables predictions about behaviorally relevant events. Deviations from such predictions cause surprise, which in turn helps improve inference. Surprise about the timing of behaviorally relevant sensory events drives phasic responses of neuromodulatory brainstem systems, which project to the cerebral cortex. Here, we developed a computational model-based magnetoencephalography (MEG) approach for mapping the resulting cortical transients across space, time, and frequency, in the human brain (N=28, 17 female). We used a Bayesian ideal observer model to learn the statistics of the timing of changes in a simple visual detection task. This model yielded quantitative trial-by-trial estimates of temporal surprise. The model-based surprise variable predicted trial-by trial variations in reaction time more strongly than the externally observable interval timings alone. Trial-by-trial variations in surprise were negatively correlated with the power of cortical population activity measured with MEG. This surprise-related power suppression occurred transiently around the behavioral response, specifically in the beta frequency band. It peaked in parietal and prefrontal cortices, remote from the motor cortical suppression of beta power related to overt report (button press) of change detection. Our results indicate that surprise about sensory event timing transiently suppresses ongoing beta-band oscillations in association cortex. This transient suppression of frontal beta-band oscillations might reflect an active reset triggered by surprise, and is in line with the idea that beta-oscillations help maintain cognitive sets.Significance statementThe brain continuously tracks the statistical structure of the environment to anticipate behaviorally relevant events. Deviations from such predictions cause surprise, which in turn drives neural activity in subcortical brain regions that project to the cerebral cortex. We used magnetoencephalography in humans to map out surprise-related modulations of cortical population activity across space, time, and frequency. Surprise was elicited by variable timing of visual stimulus changes requiring a behavioral response. Surprise was quantified by means of an ideal observer model. Surprise predicted behavior as well as a transient suppression of beta frequency band oscillations in frontal cortical regions. Our results are in line with conceptual accounts that have linked neural oscillations in the beta-band to the maintenance of cognitive sets.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Reduces Hyperalgesia after Injections of Acidic Saline in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Yung dos Santos Maciel ◽  
Kamilla Mayara Lucas da Cruz ◽  
Ariane Martins de Araujo ◽  
Zak Moreira de Andrade Silva ◽  
Daniel Badauê-Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Thermal Hyperalgesia ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Withdrawal Threshold ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

Background. Injections of acidic saline into the gastrocnemius muscle in rats produce a bilateral long-lasting hyperalgesia similar to fibromyalgia in humans. No previous study investigated the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on this acidic saline model. This study aimed to identify the effects of EA in the hyperalgesia produced by repeated intramuscular injections of acidic saline.Methods. Rats were divided into four groups (n=6, each group): control, acupuncture, EA 15 Hz, and 100 Hz. Left gastrocnemius muscle was injected with 100 μL of pH 4.0 sterile saline twice five days apart. EA, acupuncture, or control therapy was daily administered (20 min) for 5 consecutive days under anesthesia. Needles were placed in the St36 and Sp6 acupoints. The assessment of secondary mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, and motor performance was performed before injections and before and after the treatment performed on each day. The paw withdrawal threshold was tested using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test and differences within the group Wilcoxon Matched Pairs. The latency and motor performance were tested for ANOVA parametric test for independent measures, and for differences in the group, we usedt-test for paired samples. Post hoc Tukey test was used for multiple corrections.Pvalues​​less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results. Indicate that there was a significant reduction of mechanical withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency 24 hours following the second injection. Moreover, mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were significantly reversed by EA 15, 100 Hz, and acupuncture.Conclusions. The results suggest that EA high and low frequency as well as acupuncture are effective in reducing hyperalgesia in chronic muscle pain model.

scholarly journals Comparison of Frequency Bands Using Spectral Entropy for Epileptic Seizure Prediction

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Blanco ◽  
Arturo Garay ◽  
Diego Coulombie
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Band ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Fourier Spectrum ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Low Correlation ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Introduction. Under the hypothesis that the uncontrolled neuronal synchronization propagates recruiting more and more neurons, the aim is to detect its onset as early as possible by signal analysis. This synchronization is not noticeable just by looking at the EEG, so mathematical tools are needed for its identification. Objective. The aim of this study is to compare the results of spectral entropies calculated in different frequency bands of the EEG signals to decide which band may be a better tool to predict an epileptic seizure. Materials and Methods. Invasive ictal records were used. We measured the Fourier spectrum entropy of the electroencephalographic signals 4 to 32 minutes before the attack in low, medium and high frequencies. Results. The high-frequency band shows a markedly rate of increase of the entropy, with positive slopes and low correlation coefficient. The entropy rate of growth in the low-frequency band is practically zero, with a correlation around 0.2 and mostly positive slopes. The mid-frequency band showed both positive and negative slopes with low correlation. Conclusions. The entropy in the high frequencies could be predictor, because it shows changes in the previous moments of the attack. Its main problem is the variability, which makes it difficult to set the threshold that ensures an adequate prediction.

EEG frequency band sloreta sources during mental arithmetic compared to resting

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 945-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Theodoropoulou ◽  
S. Tei ◽  
D. Lehmann ◽  
P.L. Faber ◽  
F. Schlegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Band ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Simple Arithmetic ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Head Surface ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Surface Eeg

IntroductionArithmetic reportedly involves left parietal areas.ObjectivesTo test this in independent groups of healthy persons.AimsWhich brain regions are activated / inhibited during mental arithmetic compared to task-free resting?MethodsWe examined four independent groups of healthy adults (N = 15, 14, 14, 23, respectively) during simple arithmetic (continuous subtraction of 7) and task-free resting before and after arithmetic, all with closed eyes. Multichannel head surface EEG (19–58 channels) was continually recorded, then recomputed (using sLORETA functional tomography) into current density for 6239 cortical voxels, for each of the eight EEG frequency bands (delta through gamma, 1.5–44 Hz). Pre- and post-arithmetic resting was averaged. Using paired t-tests, frequency band-wise normalized and log-transformed current density was compared between arithmetic and resting for each group. The resulting p-values were combined across groups using Fisher’s combination procedure. For each frequency band, sLORETA voxels differing between conditions at Fisher’s (across groups) p < 0.05 were computed into centers of gravity separately for increased and decreased activation.ResultsActivity that was stronger during arithmetic compared to resting had gravity centers in midline anterior regions for slow frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha-1) and in right posterior regions for fast frequency bands (alpha-2 through gamma). Activity that was weaker during arithmetic compared to resting was centered around left parietal areas for all eight frequency bands.ConclusionsThe results suggest that arithmetic compared to resting involves frontal inhibition coupled with increased right parietal activation, and left parietal reduced facilitatory and reduced inhibitory activity.

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