scholarly journals High Folic Acid Intake during Pregnancy Lowers Body Weight and Reduces Femoral Area and Strength in Female Rat Offspring

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro S. P. Huot ◽  
David W. Dodington ◽  
Rebecca C. Mollard ◽  
Sandra A. Reza-López ◽  
Diana Sánchez-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Rat Offspring

Rats fed gestational diets high in multivitamin or folate produce offspring of altered phenotypes. We hypothesized that female rat offspring born to dams fed a gestational diet high in folic acid (HFol) have compromised bone health and that feeding the offspring the same HFol diet attenuates these effects. Pregnant rats were fed diets with either recommended folic acid (RFol) or 10-fold higher folic acid (HFol) amounts. Female offspring were weaned to either the RFol or HFol diet for 17 weeks. HFol maternal diet resulted in lower offspring body weights (6%,P=0.03) and, after adjusting for body weight and femoral length, smaller femoral area (2%,P=0.03), compared to control diet. After adjustments, HFol pup diet resulted in lower mineral content (7%,P=0.01) and density (4%,P=0.002) of lumbar vertebra 4 without differences in strength. An interaction between folate content of the dam and pup diets revealed that a mismatch resulted in lower femoral peak load strength (P=0.01) and stiffness (P=0.002). However, the match in folate content failed to prevent lower weight gain. In conclusion, HFol diets fed to rat dams and their offspring affect area and strength of femurs and mineral quantity but not strength of lumbar vertebrae in the offspring.

scholarly journals Maternal and postweaning folic acid supplementation interact to influence body weight, insulin resistance, and food intake regulatory gene expression in rat offspring in a sex-specific manner

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro S.P. Huot ◽  
Anna Ly ◽  
Ignatius M.Y. Szeto ◽  
Sandra A. Reza-López ◽  
Daniel Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Specific Manner

Maternal intake of multivitamins or folic acid above the basal dietary requirement alters the growth and metabolic trajectory of rat offspring. We hypothesized that a modest increase in the folic acid content of maternal diets would alter the offspring’s metabolic phenotype, and that these effects could be corrected by matching the folic acid content of the offspring’s diet with that of the maternal diet. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were placed on a control or a 2.5× folic acid-supplemented diet prior to mating and during pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, pups from each maternal diet group were randomized to the control or to the 2.5× folic acid-supplemented diet for 25 weeks. Male pups from dams fed the folic acid-supplemented diet were 3.7% heavier than those from control-fed dams and had lower mRNA expression for leptin receptor Obrb isoform (Lepr) (11%) and Agouti-related protein (Agrp) (14%). In contrast, female pups from folic acid-supplemented dams were 5% lighter than those from control-fed dams and had lower proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) (42%), Lepr (32%), and Agrp (13%), but higher neuropeptide Y (Npy) (18%) mRNA expression. Folic acid supplementation ameliorated the alterations induced by maternal folic acid supplementation in male pups and led to the lowest insulin resistance, but the effects were smaller in female pups and led to the highest insulin resistance. In conclusion, maternal folic acid supplementation at 2.5× the control level was associated with alterations in body weight and hypothalamic gene expression in rat offspring in a sex-specific manner, and some of these effects were attenuated by postweaning folic acid supplementation.

scholarly journals Choline and Folic Acid Balance in Diets During Pregnancy Programs Food Intake Regulation in Wistar Rat Offspring (FS08-05-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rola Hammoud ◽  
Chih-Sheng Liao ◽  
Emanuela Pannia ◽  
Mandy Ho ◽  
Neil Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
Intake Regulation

Abstract Objectives High gestational folic acid (FA) induces an obesogenic phenotype in male Wistar rat offspring. Imbalances between FA and other methyl-nutrients (i.e., choline) leading to perturbations in the 1-carbon cycle may account for the effects of high FA diets. Canadian women consume high (2–7-fold) intakes of FA, but most are not meeting recommended adequate intakes for choline. Choline is also absent from Canadian prenatal supplements. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of the interaction between choline and FA in maternal diets of rats on the 1-carbon cycle, and the programming of food intake, body weight gain and biomarkers of obesity in the offspring later in life. Methods Pregnant Wistar rat dams were fed the AIN-93 G diet with recommended (1X) choline and FA (RCRF, control), or a 5X FA diet with either 0.5X choline (LCHF), 1X choline (RCHF), or 2.5X choline (HCHF). Brain and blood were collected at birth. At weaning one male pup/dam from all groups was maintained on the control diet for 20 weeks then terminated. Dependent measures include weekly body weight-gain and food intake, plasma glucoregulatory hormones and 1-carbon metabolites at birth and post-weaning. Results Increasing choline content to 2.5-fold in a high (5-fold) gestational FA diet (HCHF) led to lower plasma insulin and leptin levels at birth compared to the LCHF and RCHF diets, respectively (P < 0.05). It also led to lower (25%, P = 0.03) plasma 5-methyltetrahydrofolate concentrations at birth compared to the RCHF diet, suggesting more efficient utilization of FA. Offspring born to dams maintained on a high folic acid diet with either low or recommended choline had higher weekly food intake (6%, P < 0.05) and body weight-gain (9%, P < 0.01). In contrast, offspring from dams fed the HCHF gestational diet were not different from those born to dams fed the RCRF (control) diet, highlighting the mitigating effects of a balanced choline and FA gestational diet. Conclusions Increased intakes of choline mitigate the effects of high FA diets. Maternal dietary choline interacts with FA on the long-term programming of food intake regulation in the offspring; emphasizing a need for more attention to improving choline intakes by women of child-bearing age. Funding Sources This research was funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research, Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes (CIHR-INMD).

scholarly journals Perinatal High-Fat Diet Influences Ozone-Induced Responses on Pulmonary Oxidant Status and the Molecular Control of Mito-Phagy in Female Rat Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7551
Author(s):  
Sven H. Rouschop ◽  
Samantha J. Snow ◽  
Urmila P. Kodavanti ◽  
Marie-José Drittij ◽  
Lou M. Maas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Oxidant Status

Previous research has shown that a perinatal obesogenic, high-fat diet (HFD) is able to exacerbate ozone-induced adverse effects on lung function, injury, and inflammation in offspring, and it has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated herein. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a perinatal obesogenic HFD affects ozone-induced changes in offspring pulmonary oxidant status and the molecular control of mitochondrial function. For this purpose, female Long-Evans rats were fed a control diet or HFD before and during gestation, and during lactation, after which the offspring were acutely exposed to filtered air or ozone at a young-adult age (forty days). Directly following this exposure, the offspring lungs were examined for markers related to oxidative stress; oxidative phosphorylation; and mitochondrial fusion, fission, biogenesis, and mitophagy. Acute ozone exposure significantly increased pulmonary oxidant status and upregulated the molecular machinery that controls receptor-mediated mitophagy. In female offspring, a perinatal HFD exacerbated these responses, whereas in male offspring, responses were similar for both diet groups. The expression of the genes and proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, and fission was not affected by ozone exposure or perinatal HFD. These findings suggest that a perinatal HFD influences ozone-induced responses on pulmonary oxidant status and the molecular control of mitophagy in female rat offspring.

Effects of the teratogenic folic acid antagonist, 9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid, on hydroxyproline levels in fetal rat limbs

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
R. R. Schmidt ◽  
K. P. Chepenik ◽  
B. V. Paynton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Skeletal Malformations ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid ◽  
Limb Malformations ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

Pregnant rats were subjected to either a folic-acid-deficient regimen that produces multiple congenital skeletal malformations, or a control folic-acid-supplemented regimen. Fetal limbs were extirpated on days 16 and 18 of gestation, pooled from each litter, homogenized, and aliquots set aside for hydroxyproline, protein and DNA determinations. We found that (1) the amount of protein recovered per treated limb was approximately half that of controls on both days, (2) the amount of protein recovered per treated or controlday-18 limb was twice that of a day-16 limb, (3) treated limbs constituted the same percentage of total body weight as in controls on day 16, but a smaller percentage than in controls on day 18, and (4) the concentration of hydroxyproline (μg/mg protein) was significantly less for treated limbs than for controls on day 18 of gestation. We noted also that: (1) lowest hydroxyproline concentrations were found in limbs from treated fetuses with gross limb malformations, (2) intermediate concentrations were found in limbs of treated fetuses not exhibiting gross limb malformations, and (3) highest concentrations were found in control limbs. We suggest that the treatment resulted in (1) a decreased rate of accumulation of protein in limbs prior to day 16, but not from day 16 to day 18, (2) a decreased rate of accumulation of some non-protein component(s) in treated limbs from day 16 to day 18, and (3) an altered collagen metabolism.

Prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids affects body weight, serum leptin levels, and hypothalamic neuropeptide‐Y expression in pre‐pubertal female rat offspring

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Iwasa ◽  
Toshiya Matsuzaki ◽  
Munkhsaikhan Munkhzaya ◽  
Altankhuu Tungalagsuvd ◽  
Takako Kawami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Rat Offspring

Frequency of Sacralisation of Fifth Lumber Vertebra in South Punjab Pakistani Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1962-1964
Author(s):  
Sabahat Gul ◽  
Summaira Hassan ◽  
Saeed Kanwal ◽  
Owais Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sacral Vertebra ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Fifth Lumbar Vertebra

Background: Lumbosacral joint carries whole body weight and transmits it to tibia. As the 5th Lumbar Vertebra transits into first Sacral Vertebra, fifth Lumbar Vertebra may be fused on one or both sides to the first Sacral Vertebra, Condition known as ‘Sacralisation’. Aim: To find the frequency of sacralisation of 5th Lumbar Vertebra in South Punjab Pakistani Population. Methods: It was a descriptive observational study conducted in Anatomy Department Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur. This was descriptive observational study conducted on cadaveric sacra collected in last 7 years. 86 dry Human adult sacra of known sex were observed and results were noted for Sacralisation of Lumbar Vertebra. Results: Out of 86 cadaveric Sacra, Sacralisation was found in 12(14%). Out of these 12, 8 Sacra showed complete Sacralisation while 4 Sacra showed incomplete Sacralisation. Conclusion: Sacralisation of 5th Lumbar Vertebra is common (14%) in cadaveric sacra of South Punjab, Pakistani Population. Key words: Lumbar Vertebra, Sacralisation, Cadaveric, L5 (5th lumbar vertebrae), S1 (1st Sacral Vertebrae).

Effects of Nannochloropsis Fed on Serum and Tissue Lipids Metabolism in Obese Offspring of Overfed Dams

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Soraya Bendimerad-Benmokhtar ◽  
Samira Bouanane ◽  
Hafida Merzouk ◽  
Fatima Zohra Baba Ahmed ◽  
Asme Bendaoud
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Lipids Metabolism

Background: The present work aims at determining the effects of maternal-diet-induced obesity on offspring metabolism. The short-term of a marine microalgae diet and its effects on lipids metabolism was investigated. </P><P> Method: Before gestation, some rats are fed control diet and others cafeteria diet. Moreover, two groups of dams were fed standard and cafeteria diets, and two other groups were fed the same diets but containing 10% of microalgae. This feeding started at gestation, and continued throughout parturition, lactation until their offspring&#039;s weaning age. </P><P> Results: Cafeteria diet was shown to increase the body weight and visceral obesity, with aberration in lipid metabolism. The results obtained show that the microalgae diet supplement induces a significant decrease in the maternal body weight and relative adipose tissue weight, plasma glucose and lipid levels, liver-triglyceride (TG) and adipose tissue-TG at parturition and at the end of lactation. Also, the addition of the microalgae in both males and female offspring fed dams at birth and weaning showed significant decrease in body weight, liver-TG whereas significant increase in TG-HDL. </P><P> Conclusion: In the end, it was noted that the incorporation of 10% of microalgae has a beneficial effect on body weight and lipid metabolism.

Maternal viral mimetic administration at the beginning of fetal hypothalamic nuclei development accelerates puberty in female rat offspring

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Cakan ◽  
Sedat Yildiz ◽  
Tuba Ozgocer ◽  
Azibe Yildiz ◽  
Nigar Vardi
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Polycytidylic Acid

This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal viral infection during a critical time window of fetal hypothalamic development on timing of puberty in the female offspring. For that purpose, a viral mimetic (i.e., synthetic double-strand RNA, namely, polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid, poly (I:C)) or saline was injected (i.p.) to the pregnant rats during the beginning (day 12 of pregnancy, n = 5 for each group) or at the end of this time window (day 14 of pregnancy, n = 5 for each group). Four study groups were formed from the female pups (n = 9–10 pups/group). Following weaning of pups, vaginal opening and vaginal smearing was studied daily until 2 sequential estrous cycles were observed. During the second diestrus phase, blood samples were taken for progesterone, leptin, corticosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. Maternal poly (I:C) injection on day 12 of pregnancy increased body mass and reduced the time to puberty in the female offspring. Neither poly (I:C) nor timing of injection affected other parameters studied (p > 0.05). It has been shown for the first time that maternal viral infection during the beginning of fetal hypothalamic development might hasten puberty by increasing body mass in rat offspring.

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