scholarly journals Longitudinal Growth and Body Composition of Twins versus Singletons in the First Month of Life

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Paviotti ◽  
Angela De Cunto ◽  
Laura Travan ◽  
Jenny Bua ◽  
Gabriele Cont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Time Point

Background. Although twin gestation is well recognized to be associated with impaired fetal and postnatal growth, specific data about body composition of twins in the first month of life are scarce.Objective. The aim of this study was to compare the body composition of twins, evaluated with air-displacement plethysmography, to that of singletons of similar gestational age and adequacy of growth, during the first month of life. We tested the hypothesis that the quality of growth would be similar.Methods. Anthropometric and air-displacement plethysmography measurements were performed in 18 pairs of twins and in 36 singleton neonates, longitudinally, from birth to the 30th day of life. Each twin was matched to a singleton infant of similar gestational age and birth weightz-score.Results. With regard to anthropometric measures, the only difference was a lower weight in twins versus singletons on the 15th day of life. With regard to body composition, we did not find any difference between groups at any time point. Fat mass increased significantly from day 1 to day 30 in both twins and singletons.Conclusion. In terms of body composition, twins do not differ from singletons of similar gestational age and weight, either at birth or in early postnatal life.

PROBLEMS IN SIZING

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-648
Author(s):  
M. E. A.
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Composition Changes

SURELY the pediatrician who looks over a group of newborn infants is increasingly aware of their heterogeneity, recently emphasized by Sinclair in a commentary in Pediatrics. Those of like size may be dissimilar in gestational age; the distribution of water and electrolytes differ on day 3 of postnatal life from day 1, after the obligatory loss of water and electrolytes; and body composition changes markedly during gestation. Widdowson, in a summary of many of the compositional changes in fetal life noted that at 1 kg weight the body is 86 to 90% water, at 2 kg it is 72 to 80% water, and at 3 kg it is nearer 75% water.

Growth and body composition in preterm newborns with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 913-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda da Silva Martins ◽  
Maria Dalva Barbosa Baker Méio ◽  
Saint Clair S. Gomes ◽  
Paola Azara Tabicas Lima ◽  
Brunna Grazziotti Milanesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
The Public ◽  
Enteral Diet ◽  
Pea Pod ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth

Abstract Objective To compare growth and body composition of preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks) with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods A prospective cohort involving three neonatal units in the public health system of the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. Inclusion: newborns with gestational age <32 weeks. Exposure: BPD. Anthropometric measurements were performed at birth and at 1 month of infant corrected age. Body composition was measured using an air displacement plethysmography (ADP) (PEA POD®) at 1 month of infant corrected age. Results Ninety-five newborns were eligible, of which 67 were included, 32.8% of them with BPD. Newborns with BPD presented lower gestational age at birth, greater need for resuscitation in the delivery room, received parenteral nutrition (PN) for a longer period of time, achieved lower weights during hospital stay and required more time to reach a full enteral diet. No statistically significant differences were observed in relation to anthropometric measurements and body composition at 1 month of infant corrected age between the groups with and without BPD. Conclusion This study, unlike previous ones, has shown that children who developed BPD were able to regain growth, as measured by anthropometric measures, with no change in body composition at 1 month of infant corrected age.

scholarly journals Composition of the human foetus

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad V. Apte ◽  
Leela Iyengar
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Foetus ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

1. The body composition was determined of forty-one fetuses of different gestational ages born to mothers belonging to a low socio-economic group of the population.2. With increasing gestational age the water content fell from 88% at 28 weeks to 76% at term; the fat content increased from 2.1% to 11.2% and the protein content increased from 6.9 to 9.3%.3. The changes in body composition were more closely related to body-weight than to gestational age.4. The calcium, Phosphorus and magnesium contents of the body per unit fat-free weight progressively increased with gestational age, and at term the values appeared to be considerably lower than those reported in the literature. The Ca:P ratio was constant at different body-weights.5. The body iron content per unit of fat-free weight increased marginally with increasing gestational age. The value was almost 30% lower than the values reported from elsewhere.6. It is suggested that chemical composition and nutrient stores of the developing foetus can be considerably influenced by the state of maternal nutrition.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition by Sport-Position in NCAA Division I Basketball Athletes

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fields ◽  
Justin Merrigan ◽  
Jason White ◽  
Margaret Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Within Subjects

The purpose of this study was to assess the body composition of male and female basketball athletes (n = 323) across season, year, and sport-position using air displacement plethysmography. An independent sample t-test assessed sport-position differences. An analysis of variance was used to assess within-subjects across season (pre-season, in-season, and off-season), and academic year (freshman, sophomore, and junior). For both men and women basketball (MBB, WBB) athletes, guards had the lowest body fat, fat mass, fat free mass, and body mass. No seasonal differences were observed in MBB, but following in-season play for WBB, a reduction of (p = 0.03) in fat free mass (FFM) was observed. Across years, MBB showed an increase in FFM from freshman to sophomore year, yet remained unchanged through junior year. For WBB across years, no differences occurred for body mass (BM), body fat (BF%), and fat mass (FM), yet FFM increased from sophomore to junior year (p = 0.009). Sport-position differences exist in MBB and WBB: Guards were found to be smaller and leaner than forwards. Due to the importance of body composition (BC) on athletic performance, along with seasonal and longitudinal shifts in BC, strength and conditioning practitioners should periodically assess athletes BC to ensure preservation of FFM. Training and nutrition programming can then be adjusted in response to changes in BC.

Influence of the Basal Metabolic Profile on the Evolution of the Pediatric Patient with Obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Fernández ◽  
Ainhoa Sarasua Miranda ◽  
Isabel Lorente Blázquez ◽  
Ignacio Diez López
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Endocrinology Clinic

Childhood obesity is a problem of growing importance globally. It is associated with significant health problems. Knowing how to treat it effectively would improve the quality of life of these children. The aim of this chapter is to study how basal metabolism influences the somatometric evolution of the child and adolescent population with obesity in a pediatric endocrinology clinic. Study childhood obesity in a tertiary hospital by means of a multichannel impedanceometry study. All the patients had a basal metabolism lower than the calculated theoretical ideal. In overall terms, weight reduction is not achieved in this pediatric population. However, it is observed a decrease in fat content in the medium term (1-3 years). Bioelectrical impedanceometry measurement is a simple method in clinical practice to evaluate the energy consumption and the body composition. Knowing the body composition of these children would help to intervene more effectively to help control obesity and its health consequences.

scholarly journals New charts for the assessment of body composition, according to air-displacement plethysmography, at birth and across the first 6 mo of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1353-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Norris ◽  
Sara E Ramel ◽  
Patrick Catalano ◽  
Carol ni Caoimh ◽  
Paola Roggero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Young Infants

ABSTRACT Background Air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) is a good candidate for monitoring body composition in newborns and young infants, but reference centile curves are lacking that allow for assessment at birth and across the first 6 mo of life. Objective Using pooled data from 4 studies, we aimed to produce new charts for assessment according to gestational age at birth (30 + 1 to 41 + 6 wk) and postnatal age at measurement (1–27 wk). Methods The sample comprised 222 preterm infants born in the United States who were measured at birth; 1029 term infants born in Ireland who were measured at birth; and 149 term infants born in the United States and 57 term infants born in Italy who were measured at birth, 1 and 2 wk, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mo of age. Infants whose birth weights were <3rd or >97th centile of the INTERGROWTH-21st standard were excluded, thereby ensuring that the charts depict body composition of infants whose birth weights did not indicate suboptimal fetal growth. Sex-specific centiles for fat mass (kg), fat-free mass (kg), and percentage body fat were estimated using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method. Results For each sex and measure (e.g., fat mass), the new charts comprised 2 panels. The first showed centiles according to gestational age, allowing term infants to be assessed at birth and preterm infants to be monitored until they reached term. The second showed centiles according to postnatal age, allowing all infants to be monitored to age 27 wk. The LMS values underlying the charts were presented, enabling researchers and clinicians to convert measurements to centiles and z scores. Conclusions The new charts provide a single tool for the assessment of body composition, according to ADP, in infants across the first 6 mo of life and will help enhance early-life nutritional management.

A Closer Look at a Small Brain: Transnuchal Ultrasound Facilitates High-Resolution Imaging of the Cerebellum in Preterm Infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Muehlbacher ◽  
Rebecca Nathalie Schaefer ◽  
Claudia Buss ◽  
Christoph Bührer ◽  
Thomas Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Sonographic Examination ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Linear Probe ◽  
Calculated Ratio

Abstract Purpose Very preterm infants are at risk for cerebellar injury and impaired cerebellar growth with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Ultrasound through the mastoid fontanel (MF) with a curved-array or sector probe is the most established method for the sonographic examination of the cerebellum. The goal of our study was to examine the validity of transnuchal ultrasound through the foramen occipitale magnum (FOM) with a linear probe for monitoring postnatal cerebellar growth. Methods Retrospective analysis of routine ultrasound scans through FOM and MF in 105 preterm infants born between 23 and 36 weeks of gestation with a birthweight of less than 1500 g. Results Diameters of the cerebellar hemispheres obtained through the two acoustic windows mastoid fontanel and foramen occipitale magnum showed high correlations (r’s = 0.981 and 0.983, p’s < 0.001). Corrected gestational age was significantly associated with transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) on the first scan (r = 0.908, p < 0.001) as well as postnatal cerebellar growth (r = 0.920, p < 0.001). Postnatal growth was slightly decreased resulting in cerebellar growth restriction on serial scans. Both associations exceeded the calculated ratio of TCD to head circumference (r = 0.657, p < 0.001) and TCD to biparietal diameter with gestational age (r = 0.705, p < 0.001). Conclusion Transnuchal ultrasound is feasible for examination of the preterm cerebellum and improves image quality compared to scans through the MF with higher resolution at a very short distance. Monitoring cerebellar growth during early postnatal life via transnuchal ultrasound can help to identify children at high risk for neurodevelopmental impairment.

Nutritional challenges during development induce sex-specific changes in glucose homeostasis in the adult sheep

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. E32-E39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten R. Poore ◽  
Jane K. Cleal ◽  
James P. Newman ◽  
Julian P. Boullin ◽  
David E. Noakes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Early Postnatal Life

The early-life environment has implications for risk of adult-onset diseases, such as glucose intolerance, insulin insensitivity, and obesity, effects that may occur with or without reduced birth weight. We determined the consequences of nutrient restriction in early gestation and early postnatal life and their interactions on postnatal growth, body composition, and glucose handling. Ewes received 100% (C, n = 39) or 50% nutritional requirements (U, n = 41) from 1 to 31 days gestation and 100% thereafter. Male and female offspring (singleton/twin) from C and U ewes were then fed either ad libitum (CC n = 22, UC n = 19) or to reduce body weight to 85% of target from 12 to 25 wk of age (CU n = 17, UU n = 22) and ad libitum thereafter. At 1.5 and 2.5 yr, glucose handling was determined by area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin concentrations following intravenous glucose (0.5 g/kg body wt). Insulin sensitivity was determined at 2.5 yr following intravenous insulin (0.5 IU/kg). In females, postnatal undernutrition reduced ( P < 0.05) glucose AUC at both ages, regardless of prenatal nutrition. Postnatal undernutrition did not affect insulin secretion in females but enhanced insulin-induced glucose disappearance in singletons. Poor early postnatal growth was associated with increased fat in females. In males, glucose tolerance was unaffected by undernutrition despite changes in insulin AUC dependent on age, treatment, and single/twin birth. Nutrition in early postnatal life has long-lasting, sex-specific effects on glucose handling in sheep, likely due, in females, to enhanced insulin sensitivity. Improved glucose utilization may aid weight recovery but have negative implications for glucose homeostasis and body composition over the longer term.

Evaluation of the Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test with 10- to 15-Year-Old Children

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne W. Garcia ◽  
Jennifer S. Zakrajsek
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Fitness Test

The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of the Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test (CAFT), a field measure of cardiovascular fitness. After providing anthropometric measures, 31 subjects, ages 10 to 15, completed a maximal treadmill test and the CAFT, a 3-stage step test. Multiple regression analyses were conducted where maximal oxygen consumption from the treadmill test was estimated based on the oxygen cost of stepping, age and various combinations of body composition. For the total sample, the best model (R = 0.79, SEE = 6.7), obtained from the sum of 4 skinfolds, was the body composition estimate. This model was slightly more accurate for males (R = 0.83, SEE = 6.0) than for females (R = 0.77, SEE = 7.0). When the regression equation incorporated less time consuming indicators of body composition, the predictive power, albeit lower, was still satisfactory. It appears that the CAFT can be a useful option for measuring cardiovascular fitness for youth, with the decision dependent on the purpose of the test, the testing resources, the setting, and the motivation of the subjects.

scholarly journals Body fat percentage in adolescents from Curitiba-PR metropolitan region: reference data using LMS method

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
Wagner Luis Ripka ◽  
Eduardo Esmanhoto ◽  
Leandra Ulbricht
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Lms Method

Percentile indicators, aided in its development by biomedical engineering, relative to body fat distribution in adolescents are able to help health professionals in better diagnosing overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to calculate percentile values to body fat in adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years from the Curitiba-PR and its metropolitan region composed of 29 municipalities, having as reference method the dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technology. After applying inclusion criteria for the adolescents, anthropometric measures of body fat and stature were taken, as well as evaluation of the body composition through DXA. The statistical analysis was grounded in the presentation of percentilic values developed by Cole and Green’s LMS method, where L stands for the skewness curve, M for the mean curve and S for the variance curve. In total, 390 boys were evaluated. The fat percentage values tend to show a decrease between the ages of 12 (22.8±5.1%) and 16 years (17.9±2.9%). Moreover, for the superior percentiles: 90th and 97th re-start to increase at the age of 17 after showing a decrease in the previous years. The L, M and S parameters, altogether with the percentiles created to evaluate body fat are interesting tools to tendency and evolution analyses, as well as to enable inferences to be made about the body composition of adolescents.

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