scholarly journals Diagnostic Aspects and Retinal Imaging in Ocular Toxocariasis: A Case Report from Italy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onelia Verallo ◽  
Serena Fragiotta ◽  
Francesca Verboschi ◽  
Enzo Maria Vingolo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Exudative Retinal Detachment ◽  
Ocular Toxocariasis ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Fundoscopic Examination

Toxocara canisis a nematode parasite, commonly found in dogs. This roundworm parasite can invade the eye, causing visual impairment.Toxocarashould be considered as a possible causative agent of posterior and diffuse uveitis, and it could be considered in the differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma. Ocular manifestations vary from severe endophthalmitis to silent incidental findings on a routine examination. We report a case of ocular toxocariasis in a 24-year-old Asiatic female that presented to us complaining of visual impairment. Fundoscopic examination revealed a posterior pole granuloma and exudative retinal detachment along with exudates. Presentation, clinical findings, morphological changes, and treatment are discussed. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serology forToxocara caniswas performed, demonstrating the positivity for IgG and IgE. Treatment with the antihelminthic albendazole was initiated. Fluorescein angiography (FA; HRA 2, Heidelberg engineering) and optical coherence tomography (OCT; Spectralis, Heidelberg tomography) were performed, and results have been reported.

Uveitis associated with Toxocara; Clinic, Diagnosis, and Treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 244-246
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Ocular Toxocariasis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Ocular Larva Migrans

Ocular toxocariasis or ocular larva migrans is a parasitic infection via the ingestion of dog nematode Toxocara canis and cat nematode Toxocara cati larvae. It usually affects only one eye of the child under the age of sixteen. The most common clinical findings in ocular toxocariasis are peripheral granuloma, posterior pole chorioretinal eosinophilic granulomas, and endophthalmitis or pars planitis. It is diagnosed with clinical findings in developing countries, ELISA antibody tests, and, if necessary, intraocular fluid analysis can be made. Ocular toxocariasis must be distinguished from retinoblastoma and other congenital and inflammatory eye conditions of childhood. In treatment, besides anthelmintic agents, steroid use and vitreoretinal surgery may be needed.

scholarly journals The clinical spectrum of ocular bartonellosis: a retrospective study at a tertiary centre in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Shi-Ying Tey ◽  
Gayathri Govindasamy ◽  
Francesca Martina Vendargon
Keyword(s):  
Hand Movement ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Exudative Retinal Detachment ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Ocular Findings ◽  
Clinical Records

Abstract Background Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a systemic illness caused by the gram-negative bacillus, Bartonella henselea, which can occasionally involve the ocular structures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the various clinical presentations of ocular bartonellosis at our institution. A retrospective review of the clinical records of 13 patients (23 eyes) with ocular manifestations of Bartonella infections over a 3-year period between January 2016 to December 2018 was undertaken at our institution. Results The diagnosis was made based on clinical findings and in addition, with the support of the evidence of Bartonella hensalae IgG and/or IgM. Small retinal white lesions were the most common ocular findings in this series of patients (82.6% of eyes, 76.9% of patients). Neuroretinitis was the second most common finding (47.8% of eyes, 69.2% of patients), followed by exudative retinal detachment involving the macula (34.8% of eyes, 53.8% of patients) and Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome (17.4% of eyes, 23.1% of patients). Other findings like isolated optic disc oedema without macular star (8.7% of eyes, 15.4% of patients) and vitritis (4.3% of eyes, 7.7% of patients) were also observed. Ten patients (76.9%) had bilateral ocular involvement. Most of the patients were young, immunocompetent and had systemic symptoms like fever prior to their ocular symptoms. The visual acuity (VA) at initial presentation ranged from 6/6 to hand movement (mean, 6/20), and at final visit 6/6 to 6/60, (mean, 6/9). 91.7% of patients were treated with antibiotics. Only 2 patients received oral corticosteroids together with antibiotics due to very poor vision on presentation. The visual prognosis of ocular bartonellosis is generally good with 16 (88.9%) of 23 eyes having VA of 6/12 or better at final follow-up visit. Conclusion Small foci of retinal white lesions were the most common manifestation of ocular bartonellosis in this series, followed by neuroretinitis, though an array of other ocular findings may also occur. Therefore, we should consider bartonella infection as a possible differential diagnosis in those patients.

New insight into the diagnostic cut-off value of serum anti-Toxocara IgG for ocular toxocariasis in uveitis patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.F. Abd El-Aal ◽  
M.A.A. Basha ◽  
A.M. Eid
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Ocular Toxocariasis ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Exact Etiology ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Uveitis is one of the commonest causes of vision loss worldwide and its exact etiology is still not clarified in most patients. The current study is a trial to assess the efficacy of serum anti-Toxocara immunoglobulin G (IgG) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a diagnostic tool for ocular toxocariasis (OT) and to detect OT prevalence and the associated ocular manifestations in sera of patients with uveitis. One hundred and twelve patients (62 females and 50 males) with uveitis were diagnosed by ophthalmologists, radiologists and rheumatologists according to ocular manifestations, laboratory and radiological investigations. Serum anti-Toxocara IgG titers were determined by ELISA in sera of all patients. Our results revealed that OT is highly associated with intermediate and posterior uveitis. Children and young adult females, especially those residing in rural areas, complained mainly of diminution of vision in the left eye, with strabismus and leukocoria. At a cut-off value of 0.258, the sensitivity and specificity of IgG ELISA were 93.3% and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, at a novel cut-off value of 0.258 the serum anti-Toxocara IgG ELISA is predicted to be a diagnostic tool for OT regarding sensitivity and specificity. Also, it has potential importance in the interpretation and differential diagnosis of OT. Thus, serum anti-Toxocara IgG ELISA should be a routine test for screening of suspected cases.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Simonsinol on Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through Inactivation of NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3573
Author(s):  
Lian-Chun Li ◽  
Zheng-Hong Pan ◽  
De-Sheng Ning ◽  
Yu-Xia Fu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Simonsinol is a natural sesqui-neolignan firstly isolated from the bark of Illicium simonsii. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of simonsinol was investigated with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages RAW264.7 cells model. The results demonstrated that simonsinol could antagonize the effect of LPS on morphological changes of RAW264.7 cells, and decrease the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, as determined by Griess assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, simonsinol could downregulate transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, and IL-6 as measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and inhibit phosphorylation of the alpha inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) as assayed by Western blot. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that simonsinol could inhibit inflammation response in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells through the inactivation of the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Standardization of dot-ELISA for the serological diagnosis of toxocariasis and comparision of the assay with ELISA

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eide Dias Camargo ◽  
Paulo Mutuko Nakamura ◽  
Adelaide José Vaz ◽  
Marcos Vinícius da Silva ◽  
Pedro Paulo Chieffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dot Elisa ◽  
Stability Time

The dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) was standardized using somatic (S) and excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of Toxocara-canis for the detection of specific antibodies in 22 serum samples from children aged 1 to 15 years, with clinical signs of toxocariasis. Fourteen serum samples from apparently normal individuals and 28 sera from patients with other pathologies were used as controls. All samples were used before and after absorption with Ascaris suum extract. When the results were evaluated in comparison with ELISA, the two tests were found to have similar sensitivity, but dot-ELISA was found to be more specific in the presence of the two antigens studied. Dot-ELISA proved to be effective for the diagnosis of human toxocariasis, presenting advantages in terms of yield, stability, time and ease of execution and low cost.

scholarly journals Clinical and laboratorial features of visceral toxocariasis in infancy

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina M. A. Jacob ◽  
Antonio C. Pastorino ◽  
Benedito A. Peres ◽  
Elizabete O. Mello ◽  
Yassuhiko Okay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Diagnostic Support

Forty children with a diagnosis of Visceral Toxocariasis were evaluated prospectively from February 1982 to June 1989. Diagnosis was established by clinical, laboratorial and serological (ELISA - ES Toxocara canis antigen) evaluations. A great clinical polymorphism was found in our patients, ranging from unspecific or absent manifestations to an exhuberant symptomatology. The laboratorial findings were: leukocytosis,eosinophilia and elevation of serum gammaglobulin and isohemagglutinin levels. No significant relationship between clinical findings and laboratorial parameters was found. Serology (ELISA) was a method of great diagnostic support but did not show a correlation with clinical and laboratorial findings in this study. There was a significant relationship between pulmonary manifestations and the presence of signs and/or symptoms, when the patients were sent to us. Our findings, especially the high incidence of pulmonary manifestations, suggest that Visceral Toxocariasis has to be included in the differential diagnostic of children with pulmonary manifestations, characteristic epidemiological data and associated eosinophilia.

scholarly journals Adult Ocular Toxocariasis Mimicking Ciliary Body Malignancy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Mansour ◽  
Bachir Abiad ◽  
Fouad I. Boulos ◽  
Ramzi Alameddine ◽  
Fadi C. Maalouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Local Excision ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Medial Rectus ◽  
Ocular Toxocariasis ◽  
History Of

Purpose. To discuss an unusual presentation of ocular toxocariasis.Methods. Case report.Results. A 40-year-old woman presented with decreased vision in the left eye with a long history of recurrent red eye from uveitis. Eosinophilia and positive ELISA titers forToxocara canisfavored the diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis. Over 3 months, an anterior scleral mass had a rapid growth raising the possibility of medulloepithelioma, which rarely can mimic uveitic syndromes. Surgical plan changed from local excision to enucleation. Histopathology demonstrated a large homogeneous mass of chronic inflammatory cells with inflammation of the overlying thinned out sclera, medial rectus insertion, and limbal cornea. The triad of peripheral granuloma, eosinophilia, and positive blood serology established the diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis.Conclusions. Ocular toxocariasis can mimic ocular malignancy such as medulloepithelioma in adults and rarely presents as an anterior scleral mass.

Long Noncoding RNA SNHG1 Promotes Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Activation and Inflammation in Microglia via Targeting miR-181b

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jun Dong ◽  
Tingkai Fu ◽  
Yunxue Yang ◽  
Zhenxin Mu ◽  
Xingang Li
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Inflammation Response ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Long noncoding RNA small nuclear host gene 1 (SNHG1) was involved in neuroinflammation in microglial BV-2 cells; however, its interaction with microRNA (miR)-181b in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 cells remained poor. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> BV-2 cells were treated with LPS and then were subjected to observation on morphology and immunofluorescence staining. After transfection, levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The potential binding sites between SNHG1 and miR-181b were confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were applied for detecting the mRNA and protein expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). <b><i>Results:</i></b> LPS led to the morphological changes and activation of BV-2 cells. The transfection of SNHG1 overexpression vector further promoted LPS-induced SNHG1 upregulation, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) generation and Iba-1, COX-2, and iNOS expressions, whereas silencing SNHG1 did the opposite. miR-181b functions as a downstream miRNA of SNHG1. In LPS-treated cells, the inhibition of miR-181b induced by SNHG1 promoted inflammation response and the expressions of Iba-1, COX-2, and iNOS. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> SNHG1 was involved in LPS-induced microglial activation and inflammation response via targeting miR-181b, providing another evidence of the roles of SNHG1 implicated in neuroinflammation of microglia.

Serological response of ascarid-free dogs to Toxocara canis infection

Parasitology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Glickman ◽  
J. P. Dubey ◽  
L. J. Winslow
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

SUMMARYAntibodies to Toxocara were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera of ascarid-free dogs which had been fed 0,100 or 10000 embryonated T. canis eggs. Dogs fed 10000 eggs developed higher titres than those given 100 eggs and larvae failed to complete their migration to the gut. In addition, in dogs given 100 eggs, there was a significant negative correlation between the number of worms in the gut and granulomatous foci in the lung. The data suggest that the ELISA is sensitive and specific for Toxocara infection in dogs.

Monoclonal antibodies multireactive with parasite antigens produced by hybridomas generated from naive mice

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. KONISHI
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Plasmodium Yoelii ◽  
Natural Antibodies ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
Multiple Antigen

Hybridoma clones producing IgM naturally occurring (natural) antibodies were generated from naive Balb/c mice and characterized for reactivity against parasite antigens. Ascites of mice injected with these hybridomas reacted with Toxoplasma gondii soluble antigen at levels approximately 1000–10000 times higher than serum pooled from mice used for generating hybridomas as determined by a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot analysis indicated that these monoclonal antibodies reacted with multiple antigen molecules of T. gondii with patterns similar to that of pooled mouse sera. These antibodies also reacted with multiple antigens of Plasmodium yoelii, Entamoeba histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpis, Fasciola hepatica, Schistosoma mansoni, and Dipylidium caninum. When one monoclonal antibody was absorbed with these parasite antigens, its reactivity with T. gondii antigen molecules was consistently reduced, independent of parasite species. These natural antibodies failed to kill T. gondii tachyzoites in vitro or to protect mice from lethal challenge with T. gondii. These results indicate that natural antibodies detected in sera of naive mice are secreted from certain B cell populations and that these antibodies are multireactive with parasite antigens and have low affinity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document