scholarly journals Purifying Selection Bias against Microsatellites in Gene Rich Segmental Duplications in the Rice Genome

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
P. C. Sharma ◽  
Manish Roorkiwal ◽  
Atul Grover
Keyword(s):  
Selection Bias ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

Little data is available on microsatellite dynamics in the duplicated regions of the rice genome, even though efforts have been made in the past to align genome sequences of its two sub-species. Based on the coordinates of duplicated sequences in the indica genome as available in the public domain, we identified microsatellites in these regions. CCG and GAAAA repeats occurred most frequently. In all, 259 microsatellites could be identified in the duplicated sequences using the criteria of minimum 90% alignability spread over a minimum of 1 Kb sequence. More than 25% of the repeats in duplicated regions occurred in the genic sequences. Only 45 (17%) of these 259 microsatellites were found conserved in the duplicated paralogues. Among these repeats, 40% maintained both sequence and length conservation. The effect of mutability of nearby regions could also be clearly seen in microsatellite regions. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate, whether microsatellites follow an independent course of evolutionary dynamics subsequent to events like genome reshuffling that simply drives these elements to different locations in the genome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive analysis of microsatellite conservation in the duplicated regions of any genome.

scholarly journals Mitigasi Spritual dalam Naskah Lontar Roga Sanghara Bhumi

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Suka Ardiyasa
Keyword(s):  
Historical Records ◽  
The Public ◽  
Major Earthquake ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Community People ◽  
Made In

The island of Bali is an island very vulnerable to disaster, it is proven with historical records that Bali has experienced a major earthquake better known as <em>Gejer Bali</em>. Various efforts have been made by the community from the past until now in the effort of mitigation done in <em>sekala </em>and <em>niskala</em>.   In the community, people believe that if they want to avoid the disaster then the community must implement the <em>tri hita karana</em>, while <em>niskala </em>(theologically) done with various <em>upakara</em>. <em>Upakara </em>sources and the types of disasters that occur in this world are believed to be contained in the <em>Lontar Roga Sanghara Bhumi </em>manuscript. But the existence of the manuscript is not much to know so it is necessary to conduct a more in-depth review so that it can be disseminated to the public. To focus on these reviews, we focused on three problem formulas: analyzing the summary of the <em>Roga Sanghara Bhumi lontar </em>manuscripts, the types of disasters mentioned in the <em>Roga Sanghara Bhumi lontar</em>, <p>and the theological attempts made in dealing with the disasters mentioned in <em>lontar Roga Sanghara Bhumi</em>.</p>From the results of the study conducted it is briefly known that the <em>lontar Roga Sanghara Bhumi </em>contains about the causes of catastrophe or disaster occurred in the world, the types of catastrophes or disasters that can occur in the world and some characteristics of the coming disaster or disaster, while the types The disaster mentioned in the lontar of <em>Roga Sanghara Bhumi </em>is a type of disaster that repeats every <em>sasih </em>it and the kind of disaster that occurs which is seen from the bad gesture, in the concept of <em>Lontar Roga Sanghara Bhumi </em>called <em>Durmanggala</em>. The theological efforts undertaken in tackling the disasters mentioned in the <em>lontar </em>of <em>Roga Sanghara Bhumi </em>are performing ceremonies that are shown to <em>Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa </em>with the aim of pleading for salvation such as <em>Prayascita </em>Ceremony, Master <em>Piduka</em>, <em>Labuh Gentuh, Jagat, Pamahayu Bumi </em>and <em>Nangluk Mrana. </em>All these ceremonies are theological (mitigation) efforts in reducing disaster risks that occur on earth.

scholarly journals Disease conditions and subclinical infections of the platypus ( Ornithorhynchus anatinus )

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1372) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Munday ◽  
R. J. Whittington ◽  
N. J. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
Large Predators ◽  
Made In

Before the arrival of European settlers in Australia, the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus , probably suffered from little disease. Among other things, European settlement has involved substantial environmental perturbation, introduction of large predators, introduction of motor vehicles and translocation of potential pathogens. As a result, platypuses are now killed by motor vehicles, dogs, foxes and discarded plastic litter. Information programmes targeting appropriate segments of the public would help reduce these unnecessary deaths. The enigmatic disease, ulcerative mycosis, caused by Mucor amphibiorum , has been the subject of scientific investigation in Tasmania for the past 15 years. The apparent recent acceleration in its spread has sounded a warning and more intensive investigation is warranted. The possibility that this pathogen has been translocated from subtropical to temperate Tasmania, Australia, with green tree frogs in banana shipments further emphasizes the role of humans in threatening the welfare of the platypus. Recommendations are made in relation to appropriate measures that could be taken to ameliorate disease and trauma in this species.

scholarly journals The Effects of Social Media and Hashtag Activism on Enhancing Student Voice to Create Institutional Curriculum Changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
Christian University ◽  
The Public ◽  
Curriculum Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Social Protests ◽  
Equity And Inclusion ◽  
Made In

College-aged students are often at the forefront of social movements. Students are commonly the people who use their voices to fight for changes at the institutions of higher education that they are attending. Various social media outlets, specifically Twitter, have allowed these students to organize social protests online through hashtag activism. Hashtag activism allows individuals to connect to other individuals protesting for a similar cause through a common hashtagged word or phrase. I have been an undergraduate student at Texas Christian University (TCU) for the past four years, and I have seen the ways in which hashtag activism has laid the foundation for institutional changes, particularly in the curriculum, to be made. In this thesis, I examine how students who participated in the hashtag movements #BeingMinorityAtTCU and/or #DearTCU were able to show the TCU administration glimpses of their personal stories through the public venue of social media, creating a pressure that led TCU administration, faculty, and staff to shift the core curriculum to include a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) overlay. This overlay requires students to take a DEI-focused course that will encourage conversations about identity and how to be a leader in this diverse country and world that we live in. 

Accountability in Health Care

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haldor Byrkeflot ◽  
Karsten Vrangbaek
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dominant Direction ◽  
Made In

The debate on accountability within the public sector has been lively in the past decade. Significant progress has been made in developing conceptual frameworks and typologies for characterizing different features and functions of accountability. However, there is a lack of sector specific adjustment of such frameworks. In this chapter we present a framework for analyzing accountability within health care. The chapter makes use of the concept of “accountability regime” to signify the combination of different accountability forms, directions and functions at any given point in time. We show that reforms can introduce new forms of accountability, change existing accountability relations or change the relative importance of different accountability forms. They may also change the dominant direction and shift the balance between different functions of accountability. The chapter further suggests that developments in accountability regimes are best analyzed with a combination of top-down and bottom up perspectives and that there is a need to develop research strategies to support this aim.

On the Shifting Gender of the State in Africa: Reflections from Uganda’s Experience

Politeia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Ahikire
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Agenda ◽  
Rights Issues ◽  
Made In

As opposed to the past where there was near total exclusion of women and their issues, women are now relatively speaking increasingly engaged in state matters, and the public agenda is more open to including gender and women’s rights issues in some way. Basing this reflection on Uganda’s experience, this article explores the major strides made in terms of women’s engagement with the state and policy-making, which have largely made a mark on the basic legitimation battle or on the ability to create a possibility for a gender-inclusive state arena. In the same vein, the reflective analysis presented in this article alerts us to the inherent pitfalls in the tokenistic shifting of the gender of the state, and the critical need for current ways of feminist interrogation and activism to move beyond basic legitimation to a more inventive and transformative posture in order to set redistributive struggles in motion again.

Errors in Age

1913 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 263-354
Author(s):  
John A. Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

The subject is one which may seem of somewhat minor importance, but, on investigation, it will be found that, even under present-day conditions, it requires careful attention by life assurance offices and by all societies and funds which have liabilities depending upon the duration of human life. As an illustration of its importance it may be mentioned that it is well known that statements of ages made in the past by the public for the purposes of census and death returns contain a considerable number of errors, both intentional and unintentional: and it can readily be understood that life assurance offices would certainly involve themselves in serious loss if they dispensed with satisfactory proof of age. Were they to do so the resulting errors in age would be relatively far in excess of the corresponding errors contained in census returns, owing to the monetary advantages which could be gained by understating the age at the date of effecting a policy of assurance, and to these advantages acting as an incentive to fraud. Accordingly, it is recognised by all life assurance offices—though not always by their assured—that proof of age is a requirement which must be complied with before payment of a claim.

The Profession of Public Service

1938 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Mosher
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
General Public ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preceding Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

In introducing the subject of this paper, it is held that we have failed, on the whole, to develop the public service as a well-recognized professional calling in this country, although it is not denied that preliminary steps toward this goal have been taken here and there, and particularly during the past few years. The position is probably tenable that more progress has been made in this direction in the last decade than in any preceding period since Jackson, not excepting the decade from 1883 to 1893 when civil service commissions were first installed. Jackson's famous statement: “The duties of all public officers are, or at least should be, made so plain and simple that men of intelligence may readily qualify themselves for their performance, and I cannot but believe that more is lost by the long continuance of men in office than is generally to be gained by their experience,” has apparently been perennially accepted by the general public.

Development and Status of Economic Criminal Law in Germany

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-718
Author(s):  
Marc Engelhart
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Illegal Behavior ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Made In

During the past decade, economic crime has been in the public focus in Germany like never before. Major cases, such as the embezzlement proceedings against former Deutsche Bank CEO Ackermann—the so-calledMannesmannproceedings—or the corruption incidents within the Siemens group, have shed more light on illegal behavior in the economic sector. These cases revived an interest in economic criminal law that had not been present since the 1980s when the first wave of economic crime regulation after the establishment of economic criminal law as an academic subject and as a central part of criminal policy had passed. This article analyzes the status and development of economic criminal law. First, it will deal with criminological aspects before turning to the forces in economic crime development. Second, it will examine the changes made in substantive, procedural, and soft law. It includes recent developments, such as the privatization of public investigations and the concept of compliance, as a means to prevent and discover criminal behavior.

scholarly journals Broadcast Meteorologists’ Views on Climate Change: A State-of-the-Community Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Perkins ◽  
Kristin Timm ◽  
Teresa Myers ◽  
Edward Maibach
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Impacts ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

AbstractBroadcast meteorologists—highly skilled professionals who work at the intersection between climate scientists and the public—have considerable opportunity to educate their viewers about the local impacts of global climate change. Prior research has shown that, within the broadcast meteorology community, views of climate change have evolved rapidly over the past decade. Here, using data from three census surveys of U.S. broadcast meteorologists conducted annually between 2015 and 2017, is a comprehensive analysis of broadcast meteorologists’ views about climate change. Specifically, this research describes weathercasters’ beliefs about climate change and certainty in those beliefs, perceived causes of climate change, perceived scientific consensus and interest in learning more about climate change, belief that climate change is occurring (and the certainty of that belief), belief that climate change is human caused, perceptions of any local impacts of climate change, and perceptions of the solvability of climate change. Today’s weathercaster community appears to be sharing the same viewpoints and outlooks as most climate scientists—in particular, that climate change is already affecting the United States and that present-day trends are largely a result of human activity.

scholarly journals High rate of translocation-based gene birth on the Drosophila Y chromosome

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (44) ◽  
pp. 11721-11726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Tobler ◽  
Viola Nolte ◽  
Christian Schlötterer
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Gene Acquisition ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs

The Y chromosome is a unique genetic environment defined by a lack of recombination and male-limited inheritance. The Drosophila Y chromosome has been gradually acquiring genes from the rest of the genome, with only seven Y-linked genes being gained over the past 63 million years (0.12 gene gains per million years). Using a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-powered genomic scan, we show that gene transfers to the Y chromosome are much more common than previously suspected: at least 25 have arisen across three Drosophila species over the past 5.4 million years (1.67 per million years for each lineage). The gene transfer rate is significantly lower in Drosophila melanogaster than in the Drosophila simulans clade, primarily due to Y-linked retrotranspositions being significantly more common in the latter. Despite all Y-linked gene transfers being evolutionarily recent (<1 million years old), only three showed evidence for purifying selection (ω ≤ 0.14). Thus, although the resulting Y-linked functional gene acquisition rate (0.25 new genes per million years) is double the longer-term estimate, the fate of most new Y-linked genes is defined by rapid degeneration and pseudogenization. Our results show that Y-linked gene traffic, and the molecular mechanisms governing these transfers, can diverge rapidly between species, revealing the Drosophila Y chromosome to be more dynamic than previously appreciated. Our analytical method provides a powerful means to identify Y-linked gene transfers and will help illuminate the evolutionary dynamics of the Y chromosome in Drosophila and other species.

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