scholarly journals Characterization, Tissue Expression, and Imprinting Analysis of the Porcine CDKN1C and NAP1L4 Genes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Li ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Jiawei Tian ◽  
Ranran Dong ◽  
Jin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Porcine Chromosome ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Lung And Kidney

CDKN1C and NAP1L4 in human CDKN1C/KCNQ1OT1 imprinted domain are two key candidate genes responsible for BWS (Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome) and cancer. In order to increase understanding of these genes in pigs, their cDNAs are characterized in this paper. By the IMpRH panel, porcine CDKN1C and NAP1L4 genes were assigned to porcine chromosome 2, closely linked with IMpRH06175 and with LOD of 15.78 and 17.94, respectively. By real-time quantitative RT-PCR and polymorphism-based method, tissue and allelic expression of both genes were determined using F1 pigs of Rongchang and Landrace reciprocal crosses. The transcription levels of porcine CDKN1C and NAP1L4 were significantly higher in placenta than in other neonatal tissues (P<0.01) although both genes showed the highest expression levels in the lung and kidney of one-month pigs (P<0.01). Imprinting analysis demonstrated that in pigs, CDKN1C was maternally expressed in neonatal heart, tongue, bladder, ovary, spleen, liver, skeletal muscle, stomach, small intestine, and placenta and biallelically expressed in lung and kidney, while NAP1L4 was biallelically expressed in the 12 neonatal tissues examined. It is concluded that imprinting of CDKN1C is conservative in mammals but has tissue specificity in pigs, and imprinting of NAP1L4 is controversial in mammalian species.

Analysis of human skeletal muscle after 48 h immobilization reveals alterations in mRNA and protein for extracellular matrix components

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1136-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L. Urso ◽  
Angus G. Scrimgeour ◽  
Yi-Wen Chen ◽  
Paul D. Thompson ◽  
Priscilla M. Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Collagen Iii ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Phosphorylated Akt ◽  
Mrna Content

We examined the effects of 48 h of knee immobilization on alterations in mRNA and protein in human skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that 48 h of immobilization would increase gene expression and respective protein products for ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) components. Also, we used microarray analysis to identify novel pathways. Biopsies were taken from the vastus muscle of five men (20.4 ± 0.5 yr) before and after 48-h immobilization. Global changes in gene expression were analyzed by use of Affymetrix GeneChips. Candidate genes were confirmed via quantitative RT-PCR. Western blotting (WB) was used to quantify protein products of candidate genes and to assess Akt pathway activation. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize proteins found to be altered when assessed via WB. The greatest percentage of genes showing altered expression with the GeneChip included genes involved in the UPP, metallothionein function, and extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed increases in mRNA for UPP components [USP-6, small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO-1)] and the metallothioneins (MT2A, MT1F, MT1H, MT1X) and decreases in mRNA content for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-28, TIMP-1) and ECM structural components [collagen III (COLIII) and IV (COLIV)]. Only phosphorylated Akt (Ser473, Thr308), COLIII and COLIV protein levels were significantly different postimmobilization (25, 10, 88, and 28% decrease, respectively). Immunohistochemistry confirmed WB showing decreased staining for collagens postimmobilization. Our results suggest that 48 h of immobilization increases mRNA content for components of the UPP and metallothionein function while decreasing mRNA and protein for ECM components as well as decreased phosphorylation of Akt.

scholarly journals Expression Analysis of the Prolific Candidate Genes, BMPR1B, BMP15, and GDF9 in Small Tail Han Ewes with Three Fecundity (FecB Gene) Genotypes

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jishun Tang ◽  
Wenping Hu ◽  
Ran Di ◽  
Qiuyue Liu ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tissue Expression Pattern ◽  
Systematic Analysis

The expression characteristics of the prolific candidate genes, BMPR1B, BMP15, and GDF9, in the major visceral organs and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis tissues of three FecB genotypes (FecB BB, FecB B+, and FecB ++) were explored in STH ewes using RT-PCR and qPCR. The results were as follows, BMPR1B was expressed in all FecB BB genotype (Han BB) tissues, and GDF9 was expressed in all selected tissues, but BMP15 was specifically expressed in the ovaries. Further study of ovarian expression indicated that there was no difference in BMPR1B expression between genotypes, but the FecB B+ genotype (Han B+) had greater expression of GDF9 and BMP15 than Han BB and FecB ++ genotype (Han ++) (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). BMP15 expression was lower in the ovaries of Han BB than in Han ++ sheep, but the reverse was shown for GDF9. The gene expression in non-ovarian tissues was also different between genotypes. Therefore, we consider that the three genes have an important function in ovine follicular development and maturation. This is the first systematic analysis of the tissue expression pattern of BMPR1B, BMP15, and GDF9 genes in STH sheep of the three FecB genotypes. These results contribute to the understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanism for ovine reproduction.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Cholecystokinin and Gastrin Genes from the Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana: Evolutionary Conservation of Primary and Secondary Sites of Gene Expression

Endocrinology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 1719-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Rourke ◽  
Jens F. Rehfeld ◽  
Morten Møller ◽  
Anders H. Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Peptide Family

Abstract The gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) genes, and the complementary DNAs they encode, have been isolated and sequenced from the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. The CCK gene promoter region possess the same four well characterized transcriptional control elements as the human CCK gene, namely an E-box, AP-1 binding site, Sp1 site, and TATA box. In contrast, no obvious regulatory motifs are conserved in the gastrin gene. Alignment of the bullfrog preprohormone sequences with other members of the CCK/gastrin peptide family showed that preproCCK has been conserved to a greater degree during evolution than preprogastrin. In mammalian species, gastrin gene expression is typically associated with the antrum, and CCK with the small intestine and brain. However numerous secondary sites of CCK/gastrin gene expression have also been found. RT-PCR showed a high degree of conservation of both primary and secondary sites of CCK/gastrin production between mammals and the bullfrog, with gastrin messenger RNA being detected in the antrum, duodenum, colon, pancreas, brain, and testes, whereas CCK mRNA was observed in the brain, lung, testes, and throughout the length of the small intestine. In situ hybridization using radiolabeled gene specific antisense oligonucleotides uncovered CCK and gastrin messenger RNA in distinct areas of the bullfrog central nervous system and pituitary gland. Notably, the gastrin gene was expressed in the pituitary gland and hypothalamus of the bullfrog, as previously seen in mammals. This highly preserved tissue expression pattern suggests that gastrin plays specific roles in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland that are distinct from those of CCK. Our findings show that in spite of the structural resemblance, bullfrog CCK and gastrin constitute independent neuroendocrine peptide systems.

scholarly journals Key Genes Regulating Skeletal Muscle Development and Growth in Farm Animals

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi ◽  
Farhad Bordbar ◽  
Just Jensen ◽  
Min Du ◽  
Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factor

Farm-animal species play crucial roles in satisfying demands for meat on a global scale, and they are genetically being developed to enhance the efficiency of meat production. In particular, one of the important breeders’ aims is to increase skeletal muscle growth in farm animals. The enhancement of muscle development and growth is crucial to meet consumers’ demands regarding meat quality. Fetal skeletal muscle development involves myogenesis (with myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and fusion), fibrogenesis, and adipogenesis. Typically, myogenesis is regulated by a convoluted network of intrinsic and extrinsic factors monitored by myogenic regulatory factor genes in two or three phases, as well as genes that code for kinases. Marker-assisted selection relies on candidate genes related positively or negatively to muscle development and can be a strong supplement to classical selection strategies in farm animals. This comprehensive review covers important (candidate) genes that regulate muscle development and growth in farm animals (cattle, sheep, chicken, and pig). The identification of these genes is an important step toward the goal of increasing meat yields and improves meat quality.

Real-time RT-PCR analysis of housekeeping genes in human skeletal muscle following acute exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Mahoney ◽  
Kate Carey ◽  
Ming-Hua Fu ◽  
Rodney Snow ◽  
David Cameron-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Housekeeping Gene ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Rt Pcr

Studies examining gene expression with RT-PCR typically normalize their mRNA data to a constitutively expressed housekeeping gene. The validity of a particular housekeeping gene must be determined for each experimental intervention. We examined the expression of various housekeeping genes following an acute bout of endurance (END) or resistance (RES) exercise. Twenty-four healthy subjects performed either a interval-type cycle ergometry workout to exhaustion (∼75 min; END) or 300 single-leg eccentric contractions (RES). Muscle biopsies were taken before exercise and 3 h and 48 h following exercise. Real-time RT-PCR was performed on β-actin, cyclophilin (CYC), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and β2-microglobulin (β2M). In a second study, 10 healthy subjects performed 90 min of cycle ergometry at ∼65% of V̇o2 max, and we examined a fifth housekeeping gene, 28S rRNA, and reexamined β2M, from muscle biopsy samples taken immediately postexercise. We showed that CYC increased 48 h following both END and RES exercise (3- and 5-fold, respectively; P < 0.01), and 28S rRNA increased immediately following END exercise (2-fold; P = 0.02). β-Actin trended toward an increase following END exercise (1.85-fold collapsed across time; P = 0.13), and GAPDH trended toward a small yet robust increase at 3 h following RES exercise (1.4-fold; P = 0.067). In contrast, β2M was not altered at any time point postexercise. We conclude that β2M and β-actin are the most stably expressed housekeeping genes in skeletal muscle following RES exercise, whereas β2M and GAPDH are the most stably expressed following END exercise.

Cloning and mapping of human PKIB and PKIG, and comparison of tissue expression patterns of three members of the protein kinase inhibitor family, including PKIA

2000 ◽  
Vol 349 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua ZHENG ◽  
Long YU ◽  
Qiang TU ◽  
Min ZHANG ◽  
Hua HE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nuclear Export Signal ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Protein Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dependent Protein

Two novel members of the human cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) gene family, PKIB and PKIG, were cloned. The deduced proteins showed 70% and 90% identity with mouse PKIβ and PKIγ respectively. Both the already identified pseudosubstrate site and leucine-rich nuclear export signal motifs were defined from the 11 PKIs of different species. The PKIB and PKIG genes were mapped respectively to chromosome 6q21-22.1, using a radiation hybrid GB4 panel, and to chromosome 20q13.12-13.13, using a Stanford G3 panel. Northern-blot analysis of three PKI isoforms, including the PKIA identified previously, revealed significant differences in their expression patterns. PKIB had two transcripts of 1.9 kb and 1.4 kb. The former transcript was abundant in both placenta and brain and the latter was expressed most abundantly in placenta, highly in brain, heart, liver, pancreas, moderately in kidney, skeletal muscle and colon, and very little in the other eight tissues tested. PKIG was widely expressed as a 1.5-kb transcript with the highest level in heart, hardly detectable in thymus and peripheral blood leucocytes and was moderately expressed in the other tissues, with slightly different levels. However, PKIA was specifically expressed as two transcripts of 3.3 kb and 1.5 kb in heart and skeletal muscle. The distinct expression patterns of the three PKIs suggest that their roles in various tissues are probably different.

CYTOCHROME c CONCENTRATIONS DURING RAT AND GUINEA PIG DEVELOPMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Peter R. Dallman ◽  
Herbert C. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Developmental Pattern ◽  
Newborn Rat ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Functional Changes

Cytochrome c concentrations were determined in tissues of the rat and the guinea pig, two mammalian species of contrasting developmental pattern. The relatively mature newborn guinea pig had approached adult concentrations of cytochrome c by one day of age. The less mature newborn rat did not attain comparable values until later in its development. The increase from the low fetal tissue concentrations to adult values occurred in the following sequence: heart concentrations increased earliest, followed by brain, skeletal muscle, and liver. Renal concentrations were the last to rise. Changes in cytochrome c concentration could be related to functional changes within these tissues as well as the over-all pattern of maturation represented by each of these species.

Myostatin expression in porcine tissues: tissue specificity and developmental and postnatal regulation

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (4) ◽  
pp. R1265-R1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoquan Ji ◽  
R. L. Losinski ◽  
S. G. Cornelius ◽  
G. R. Frank ◽  
G. M. Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Gland Development ◽  
Level 2

The objective of this study was to establish the developmental pattern and tissue specificity of porcine myostatin expression and to evaluate expression in skeletal muscle during circumstances in which muscle growth was altered. Northern blot analysis revealed two transcripts (1.5 and 0.8 kb). Myostatin mRNA was detected in whole fetuses at 21 and 35 days and was markedly increased ( P < 0.05) by 49 days. At birth, mRNA abundance in longissimus muscle had declined significantly ( P < 0.05) from that at day 105 of gestation and continued to decrease ( P < 0.05) to its lowest level 2 wk postnatally (4 kg body wt). Myostatin expression was higher ( P < 0.05) at 55, 107, and 162 kg body wt than at 4 kg body wt. Postnatally, myostatin mRNA was detected in skeletal muscle and mammary gland. Expression at birth was 65% higher ( P < 0.04) in longissimus muscle of low-birth-weight piglets (0.57 ± 0.052 kg body wt) vs. normal (1.37 ± 0.077 kg body wt) littermates, irrespective of gender. However, suppression of longissimus muscle growth by food deprivation (3 days) did not alter ( P > 0.15) myostatin expression in either 4- or 7-wk-old piglets. Additionally, myostatin mRNA abundance was not changed by porcine growth hormone administration in growing animals. These data indicate that myostatin expression in skeletal muscle peaks prenatally and that greater expression is associated with low birth weight. Expression in mammary gland indicates a possible role for myostatin in mammary gland development and/or lactation.

Investigation of LDHA and COPB1 as candidate genes for muscle development in the MYOD1 region of pig chromosome 2

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 629-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifang Qiu ◽  
Xuewen Xu ◽  
Bing Fan ◽  
Max F. Rothschild ◽  
Yerle Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Chromosome 2
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