scholarly journals TLR4 and TLR9 Expression in Different Phenotypes of Rhinitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lauriello ◽  
Alessandra Micera ◽  
Paola Muzi ◽  
Lino Di Rienzo Businco ◽  
Sergio Bonini
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Vasomotor Rhinitis ◽  
Tlr9 Expression ◽  
Persistent Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Chronic Rhino Sinusitis ◽  
Nasal Inflammation ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Background. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins, that represent a fundamental link between innate and adaptive immune responses.Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of TLR4 and TLR9 in the normal nasal mucosa and in the mucosa of subjects with different phenotypes of rhinitis.Methodology. A confocal analysis of TLR4 and TLR9 (co)expression was carried out on biopsies from the inferior turbinate obtained from 4 patients affected by persistent allergic rhinitis, 8 patients with chronic rhino-sinusitis, and 6 patients with vasomotor rhinitis The results were compared with those of specimens obtained from 4 subjects undergoing nasal surgery, but with signs of nasal inflammation.Results. TLR4 and TLR9 were expressed in the healthy nasal mucosa; TLR4 and TLR9 expression was significantly decreased in allergic rhinitis. TLR4 was over expressed in the epithelium of chronic rhino-sinusitis. Both TLRs were co-expressed in the sub-epithelial infiltrate of chronic and vasomotor rhinitis, even though this expression was higher in the former compared with the latter.Conclusions. This study indicates that TLR4 and TLR9 show a different pattern of expression in different phenotypes of rhinitis, possibly related to the type and severity of the disease.

Nasal Cytology in Radiofrequency Turbinate Volume Reduction

ORL ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Pecorari ◽  
Giuseppe Riva ◽  
Claudia Bartoli ◽  
Mattia Ravera ◽  
Valeria Dell’Era ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Nonallergic Rhinitis ◽  
Turbinate Hypertrophy ◽  
Nasal Cytology ◽  
Rhinitis Medicamentosa

Introduction: Radiofrequency turbinate volume reduction (RFTVR) is an effective treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy. RFTVR can reduce epithelial cell alterations in nasal mucosa. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the effects of RFTVR on nasal obstruction and cytology, stratifying for different types of rhinitis. Methods: Nasal cytology and subjective nasal obstruction were evaluated on 113 patients before RFTVR (T0) and after 3 months (T1). The patients were divided into groups on the basis of the underlying disease: allergic rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis, rhinitis medicamentosa, and other diseases (e.g., hormonal-based turbinate hypertrophy). Results: Nasal cytology at T0 identified 42 patients with allergic rhinitis, 40 with nonallergic rhinitis, 19 with rhinitis medicamentosa, and 12 with other diseases. An improvement of nasal cytology at T1 was observed in 29.2% of cases. They mainly consisted of patients with nonallergic rhinitis with neutrophils, whose neutrophil infiltrate decreased. Only 2 cases (1.7%) showed a worsening of nasal cytology at T1. A statistically significant decrease in subjective nasal obstruction was observed for every group (p < 0.05). Higher differences of nasal obstruction between T0 and T1 were found in patients with rhinitis medicamentosa or other diseases. Conclusion: RFTVR represents a safe and effective treatment for turbinate hypertrophy of various etiology. It is not responsible for a worsening of inflammatory infiltrate of the nasal mucosa.

Mast cell stabilizers

1992 ◽  
Vol 107 (6_part_2) ◽  
pp. 841-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hueston C. King
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Vasomotor Rhinitis ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Exercise Induced

The precise mode of action of the well-studied cromolyn sodium and the newer nedocromil sodium has not been completely elucidated. Because the drugs do not pass the cell membrane and enter the cell, they are virtually not metabolized, do not exert a systemic action, and therefore are associated with only minimal systemic toxicity. To be effective either drug must be applied topically and directly to the nasal mucosa. Proper contact with the nasal mucosa is essential for efficacy; in patients with nasal congestion and secretions, vasoconstrictors or saline lavages are indicated before cromolyn or nedocromil use. Both products are highly effective in patients who have IgE-mediated allergic rhinitis but must be administered prophylactically before exposure to an allergen to prevent development of the allergic event. Neither drug is effective in vasomotor rhinitis, exercise-induced rhinitis, or in the management of nasal polyps. Correct diagnosis is essential before therapy.

Up-Regulation of Protease-Activated Receptor 2 in Allergic Rhinitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heung-Man Lee ◽  
Hyo Yeol Kim ◽  
Hee Joon Kang ◽  
Jeong Soo Woo ◽  
Sung Won Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Submucosal Glands ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Nasal Inflammation ◽  
Protease Activated Receptor 2 ◽  
Normal Controls

Objectives: We compared the patterns of PAR-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in the nasal mucosa of subjects with and without allergic rhinitis. Methods: Biopsy specimens were obtained from 10 patients with allergic rhinitis and 10 normal controls. RNA was extracted from the nasal mucosa, and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed for PAR-2. Tissue sections were immunostained for PAR-2 by use of specific antibody. Results: The expression levels of PAR-2 mRNA in allergic rhinitis nasal mucosa were significantly up-regulated as compared with those in normal nasal mucosa. PAR-2 immunoreactivity was observed in the epithelium and submucosal glands in both normal controls and subjects with allergic rhinitis. Stronger immunoreactivity for PAR-2 was observed in allergic rhinitis nasal mucosa as compared with normal nasal mucosa. Conclusions: These results suggest that PAR-2 may be involved in allergic nasal inflammation.

scholarly journals Eosinophil Chemokines and Clara Cell Protein 16 Production in Nasal Mucosa of Patients with Persistent Allergic Rhinitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Peric ◽  
Cveta Spadijer Mirkovic ◽  
Biserka Vukomanovic Durdevic ◽  
Aneta V. Peric ◽  
Danilo Vojvodic
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Clara Cell ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Clara Cell Protein ◽  
Persistent Allergic Rhinitis

A prospective study of bacterial flora in nasal cavity of patients with persistent allergic rhinitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
M.B. Taylor ◽  
I.T. Tan ◽  
K.T. Chan ◽  
L. Shen ◽  
L. Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
House Dust Mites ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Persistent Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Significant Difference

It remains unanswered whether persistent allergic inflammation in nasal mucosa alters bacterial colonization and infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial flora in the nasal cavity of patients with persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR) and to correlate the bacteriological findings with presence of nasal symptoms, nasal eosinophil and neutrophil counts. A total of 255 subjects, aged between 6 - 74 years (mean 33.9 years) was randomly selected from a population-based rhinitis survey study in Singapore. All subjects went through a thorough medical history and nasal examinations. Serum specific IgE to a panel of common house dust mites, nasal cytological and microbiological examinations were performed. PAR was diagnosed in 107 patients and none of them had received previous regular therapy. There is a significant relationship between PAR and eosinophil grades, but not with neutrophil count. No statistically significant difference was found in quantitative and qualitative bacterial flora in nasal cavity between PAR patients and subjects with non-rhinitis or with non-allergic rhinitis. There is a significant inverse correlation between ongoing rhinorrhoea and quantitative bacterial load, and between signs of nasal mucosa (pale and edema) and the presence and type of bacterial pathogens. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that patients with untreated (or using PRN medicine) PAR do not result in a significant change in bacterial flora in their nasal cavity.

Increased Expression of YKL-40 in Mild and Moderate/Severe Persistent Allergic Rhinitis and its Possible Contribution to Remodeling of Nasal Mucosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 372-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se Jin Park ◽  
Young Joon Jun ◽  
Tae Hoon Kim ◽  
Jong Yoon Jung ◽  
Gyu Ho Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Persistent Allergic Rhinitis

scholarly journals Measuring local immunoglobulin E in the inferior turbinate nasal mucosa in patients with allergic rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Ota ◽  
Yoshihiro Ikemiyagi ◽  
Toshiya Sato ◽  
Tatsuo Funakoshi ◽  
Nobuyuki Hiruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Inferior Turbinate

Increase in epithelial mast cell numbers in the nasal mucosa of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis

1996 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 929-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Slater ◽  
L. A. Smallman ◽  
A. B. Drake-Lee
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perennial Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Immunohistochemical Technique ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Staining Methods

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the numbers and distribution of mast cells in the nasal mucosa of perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) patients and controls, as demonstrated by different staining methods for light microscopy.Biopsies of inferior turbinate mucosa were taken from 10 patients with PAR and 10 patients undergoing septoplasty or septorhinoplasty (control group). Sections for light microscopy were stained with azure A, chloroacetate esterase and an ABC immunohistochemical technique using antibody to tryptase.Three times more mast cells were found in the epithelium of PAR patients compared to controls using the immunohistochemical technique (p = 0.0074). This method demonstrated considerably more mast cells than the other stains.The increase in epithelial mast cells is consistent with the migration of mast cells seen in seasonal allergic rhinitis, and this may be important in the phenomenon of nasal priming seen after repeated antigen exposure.

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