scholarly journals Suppression of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms after Head Trauma

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini ◽  
Paria Azari ◽  
Roohollah Abdi ◽  
Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Unwanted Thoughts

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) encompasses a spectrum of clinical symptoms characterized by unwanted thoughts coupled with an intense compulsion to act and to repeat behavior fragments in a ritualistic and stereotyped sequence. Obsessive-compulsive symptom due to brain lesions is not rare, but suppression of these symptoms after head trauma is very rare and we found only 3 cases in review of literatures from 1966 to 2001. The case of a patient suffering with severe OCD is described of note; her symptoms disappeared following right temporo-parietofrontal lesion.

Beyond Belief: Incremental Prediction of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder by Looming Vulnerability Illusions

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Riskind ◽  
Neil A. Rector
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Small Cohort ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom

Cognitive models argue that obsessions and compulsions arise from distorted beliefs and exaggerated interpretations of intrusive thoughts. While these models have led to important advances, recent research has suggested the need to go beyond the factors the models identify. One new factor to consider may involve looming vulnerability, the production of dynamic mental scenarios of danger outcomes (e.g., contamination, harming, losing wanted possessions) as rushing through time and space and escalating in odds of harm for the self. Looming vulnerability is a different form of cognition that differs from belief factors because it concerns the process of anticipating noxious events as rapidly rising in risk rather than static beliefs about the final end states (e.g., responsibility, perfection). The present study tested looming vulnerability by examining a small cohort of 37 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Results provide strong preliminary evidence that looming vulnerability in OCD-related themes (e.g., contamination, hoarding, and pure obsessional) contributes significant and substantial variance to the prediction of obsessive compulsive symptom severity on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale beyond the effects of beliefs and interpretations. Thus, looming vulnerability may represent a different form of cognitive vulnerability for the development and persistence of clinical obsessions that warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Obsessions and compulsions in Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism

2005 ◽  
Vol 186 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailsa J. Russell ◽  
David Mataix-Cols ◽  
Martin Anson ◽  
Declan G. M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

BackgroundObsessive–compulsive behaviours are common and disabling in autistic-spectrum disorders (ASD) but little is known about how they compare with those experienced by people with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).AimTo make such a comparison.MethodA group of adults with high-functioning ASD (n=40) were administered the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale and Symptom Checklist and their symptoms compared with a gender-matched group of adults with a primary diagnosis of OCD (n=45). OCD symptoms were carefully distinguished from stereotypic behaviours and interests usually displayed by those with ASD.ResultsThe two groups had similar frequencies of obsessive–compulsive symptoms, with only somatic obsessions and repeating rituals being more common in the OCD group. The OCD group had higher obsessive–compulsive symptom severity ratings but up to 50% of the ASD group reported at least moderate levels of interference from their symptoms.ConclusionsObsessions and compulsions are both common in adults with high-functioning ASD and are associated with significant levels of distress.

scholarly journals Is a Ruminative Thinking Style Related to Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Severity Beyond Its Associations with Depressive and Anxiety Symptom Severity?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta V. Heinzel ◽  
Martin Kollárik ◽  
Marcel Miché ◽  
Annika Clamor ◽  
Andrea Ertle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Anxiety Symptom ◽  
Thinking Style ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that a ruminative thinking style (RTS) is positively associated with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and might be involved in the maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We sought to replicate this association in a sample of individuals with OCD, controlling for depressive and anxiety symptom severity, and to extend previous studies by including an interview measure of obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. A sample of 140 individuals diagnosed with OCD participated in a cross-sectional observational study. Participants completed questionnaire measures of an RTS as well as obsessive-compulsive, depressive, and anxiety symptom severity. Obsessive-compulsive symptom severity was additionally assessed with an interview. When statistically controlling for depressive and anxiety symptom severity, an RTS continued to predict the questionnaire, but not the interview measure of obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. We discuss possible explanations for these mixed findings, emphasizing the unique aspects of each measure, and consider implications for further research on OCD.

Rage as a hidden aspect in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S356-S356
Author(s):  
I. Peixoto ◽  
C. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Family Accommodation ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Pediatric Ocd ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom

IntroductionPediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a multifaceted clinical entity. Rage attacks have been repeatedly described in the phenotype of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. It has been acknowledged that anxious youth who display rage have more severe clinical profiles and increased levels of dysfunction in most domains, consistent with the notion that rage is a marker of more severe psychopathology. However, this matter remains largely underappreciated in pediatric OCD. Namely, the role and functions of rage in pediatric OCD in relation to family accommodation and illness severity have highly relevant clinical management and treatment implications.ObjectivesWe aim to discuss how does rage look like in pediatric OCD, what are its associated features and its contributions to additional functional impairment. We examine the central role of family accommodation mediating clinical outcomes and review highly relevant diagnostic and treatment challenges.MethodsSelective review of the literature in PubMed (MEDLINE). Illustration with a clinical case vignette.Results and conclusionsRage attacks are relatively common in pediatric OCD, have a negative impact on illness presentation, and contribute to functional impairment above and beyond obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. We hereby illustrate that rage may contribute to family accommodation of symptoms, which may further affect and perpetuate obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and impairment. There is a need to avoid misdiagnosis and to prioritize psychotherapeutic interventions and psychopharmacological treatment approaches. This provides important insights regarding the clinical validity of this component of OCD, aiming to capture further the attention of the clinical and research community.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Predictors of Remission at 1-year Follow-up among ocd Patients: Findings from The Netherlands Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Association (NOCDA) Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S73-S73
Author(s):  
L. Tibi ◽  
P. van Oppen ◽  
A. van Balkom ◽  
M. Eikelenboom ◽  
G. Anholt
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Remission Status ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom

IntroductionObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is described as a chronic condition. However, relatively little is known about predictors affecting its long-term outcome.ObjectiveTo examine the contribution of clinical and interpersonal determinants in predicting remission status of 254 OCD patients at one-year follow-up (FU1).MethodsWe used the baseline and FU1 data of The Netherlands obsessive-compulsive disorder association (NOCDA) study. Clinical predictors were chronicity level, depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. Suspected interpersonal factors included attachment style, social support and expressed emotion. Remission status was defined using the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive symptom (Y-BOCS) scale. χ2 tests and ANOVAs were used for bivariate analyses, followed by multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses to assess main effects and interactions in predicting remission status at FU1.ResultsBivariate tests demonstrated significant differences in remission status as a function of chronicity level, depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and social support. Regression analyses revealed that increased baseline OCD severity reduced the odds for both partial and full remission at FU1 (OR = .87, 95%CI = .82–93, P < 0.001). Increased depressive severity at baseline reduced the odds for partial remission at FU1 (OR = .95, 95%CI = .91–.98, P < 0.01). Interactions analyses demonstrated that the adverse effects of OCD severity on partial remission disappeared at the presence of secure attachment (IOR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.05–1.24, P < 0.05) and high social support (IOR = .88, 95%CI = .78–98, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe contribution of clinical severity is critical for understanding the prognosis of OCD. The interpersonal context of OCD patients may mitigate the unfavorable effect of severity on outcome, thus should be addressed in treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Relationships Between Obsessive–Compulsive Symptom Dimensions and Cognitions in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlasios Brakoulias ◽  
Vladan Starcevic ◽  
David Berle ◽  
Denise Milicevic ◽  
Anthony Hannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom
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