scholarly journals Immune Response ofBos indicusCattle against the Anti-Tick Antigen Bm91 Derived from LocalRhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplusTicks and Its Effect on Tick Reproduction under Natural Infestation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lambertz ◽  
Natthaphon Chongkasikit ◽  
Sathaporn Jittapalapong ◽  
Matthias Gauly
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Strong Immune Response ◽  
Tick Reproduction ◽  
Natural Infestation

Antigens of anti-tick vaccines are more efficacious for homologous challenge with local tick strains. cDNA clones encoding for Bm91 from localRhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplusstrains were developed to immunizeBos indicuscattle under field conditions. Three groups of six animals each were injected with the antigen Bm91, saline, and adjuvant, respectively. Animals were immunized three times at 3-week intervals and a fourth time after six months. The anti-Bm91 antibody level, measured by ELISA, was monitored for 7 months and the reproductive performance of naturally infestedR. (B.) micropluswas determined. Bm91-immunized animals developed a strong immune response expressed by high anti-Bm91 levels remaining on high levels until the end of the study. Western blot analysis confirmed that Bm91 is immunogenic. Compared to control animals, the reproductive efficiency index and the egg viability were 6% and 8%, respectively, lower in the Bm91 group (P<0.05). In conclusion, it was demonstrated that Bm91 induced a long-lasting immune response. However, the effect on the tick reproduction was not sufficient for an efficient tick control. Further studies under field conditions are warranted to enhance the effect on the tick reproduction by optimizing the immunization regimen, alone or in combination with other vaccine candidate antigens.

Ecology of the cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) in subtropical Australia. I. Introduction and free-living stages

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Sutherst ◽  
ID Sutherland ◽  
AS Bourne ◽  
GF Maywald ◽  
DA Stegeman
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Tick Reproduction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tick Resistance ◽  
Subtropical Australia

An experiment is described which compared the fluctuations in the numbers of cattle tick, Boophilus miicroplus, that resulted from direct climatic effects or from changes in host resistance. Four herds of cattle, matched for tick resistance and with different Bos indicus (zebu) content, were grazed at each of two locations, one in central Queensland (23� S.) and one in southern Queensland (28� S.), from November 1977 to May 1982. Natural tick populations were counted regularly, and host resistance was measured using artificial infestations, either twice or six times a year. Concurrent exposures of engorged ticks in pastures were used to measure the success of the ticks in producing larvae and to partition mortality during development. Two later papers report other aspccts of the experiment. These include observations on the resistance of cattle to ticks and on the relationship between tick numbers on the cattle on one hand, and the availability of larvae on pasture and survival of parasitic stages on the other. Engorged ticks produced more larvae throughout the year in central Queensland, despite laying fewer eggs. The colder and longer winter in southern Queensland greatly reduced tick reproduction. Failure of engorged ticks to survive predation and find a favourable oviposition site, egg mortality and loss of larvae in the pasture accounted for most of the reduction in the potential number of larvae produced. Reduced oviposition was also important in wintcr.

The possible role of the frontal and sub-parietal gland systems of the pentastomidReighardia sternae(Diesing, 1864) in the evasion of the host immune response

Parasitology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Riley ◽  
J. L. James ◽  
A. A. Banaja
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Strong Immune Response ◽  
Concomitant Immunity ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARYThe frontal and sub-parietal glands of the pentastomidReighardia sternaeelaborate lamellate secretion which is poured on to the cuticle. The entire surface of the cuticle, including the mouth, hook pits and reproductive apertures, is coated with secretion. Electron microscope studies indicate that the glands are continuously active, which implies a turnover of surface membranes. The postulated function of these membranes is to protect certain vital areas of the host–parasite interface, notably the pores of ion-transporting cells, from the host immune response. The available evidence suggests that pentastomids do evoke a strong immune response but since most are long-lived they must circumvent it. We believe the surface membrane system to be instrumental in this. Studies on another pentastomid,Porocephalus crotaliin rats have shown that an immune response stimulated by a primary infection will kill subsequent infections and that the surface membranes are strongly immunogenic. Obvious parallels between this situation and that of schistosome infections in mammals are discussed. An alternative explanation of concomitant immunity is proposed.

scholarly journals Controle do carrapato Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) em sistemas de produção de leite da microrregião fisiográfica fluminense do grande Rio - Rio de Janeiro

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juracy de Castro Borba Santos Júnior ◽  
John Furlong ◽  
Erik Daemon
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Boophilus Microplus

O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar os métodos de controle do carrapato Boophilus microplus realizados em três fazendas representativas dos sistemas de produção de leite da Microrregião Fisiográfica Fluminense do Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, levando-se em consideração o manejo das fazendas, o grau de sangue Bos taurus e Bos indicus dos rebanhos, os fatores climáticos e a prevalência estacional do carrapato. Para efeito de avaliação, foi utilizada a contagem periódica de fêmeas ingurgitadas medindo entre 4,5 e 8mm, no antímero direito de 20% das vacas em lactação de cada fazenda, durante um ano. A diferença no manejo das pastagens, a composição genética dos rebanhos e as condições climáticas influenciaram a prevalência estacional de B. microplus. A maior lotação animal por hectare, o elevado "stand" vegetativo das pastagens e o maior grau de sangue B. taurus contribuíram para as maiores infestações de carrapatos nas fazendas. O controle de B. microplus realizado pelos proprietários teve importância secundária em relação as outras atitudes de manejo dos rebanhos. Ficou evidenciado o uso excessivo e ineficiente de produtos químicos para o controle de B. microplus nas fazendas. Para implantação de medidas de controle estratégico do B. Microplus, fazem-se necessários esforços para a transferência e adoção dos resultados de pesquisas disponíveis aos produtores rurais.

scholarly journals The use of herbal preparations for tick control in western Ethiopia

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Regassa
Keyword(s):  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Peasant Farmers ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Information on the traditional tick control methods used in Keffa, Illubabor and Wellega Provinces in western Ethiopia was obtained from 86 veterinary clinics and 865 peasant farmers through a questionnaire survey. Latexes of Euphorbia obovalifolia and Ficus brachypoda, juice of crushed leaves of Phytolaca dodecandra and Vernonia amygdalina, fruit juice of Solanum incanum, crushed seeds of Lepidium sativum mixed with fresh cattle faeces, juice of crushed leaves and bark of Calpurnea aurea and commercially available spice of Capsicum spp. mixed with butter, were used by peasant farmers to control ticks. Preliminary in vitro efficacy tests of these plant preparations were performed on engorged female Boophilus decoloratus. Preparations of Capsicum spp., E. obovalifolia, S. incanum and F. brachypoda were found to have 30-100 % killing effects. Subsequently, in vivo treatment trials of these preparations were conducted using indigenous Bos indicus cattle naturally infested with ticks. Results indicate that treatments at the rate of once per day for 5 consecutive days with the latexes of E. obovalifolia and F. brachypoda can reduce tick burdens by up to 70 % on cattle.

scholarly journals How Dopamine Influences Survival and Cellular Immune Response of Rhipicephalus microplus Inoculated with Metarhizium anisopliae

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Thaís Almeida Corrêa ◽  
Jéssica Fiorotti ◽  
Emily Mesquita ◽  
Laura Nóbrega Meirelles ◽  
Mariana Guedes Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Phenoloxidase Activity ◽  
Cellular Immune

Dopamine (DA) is a biogenic monoamine reported to modulate insect hemocytes. Although the immune functions of DA are known in insects, there is a lack of knowledge of DA’s role in the immune system of ticks. The use of Metarhizium anisopliae has been considered for tick control, driving studies on the immune response of these arthropods challenged with fungi. The present study evaluated the effect of DA on the cellular immune response and survival of Rhipicephalus microplus inoculated with M. anisopliae blastospores. Exogenous DA increased both ticks’ survival 72 h after M. anisopliae inoculation and the number of circulating hemocytes compared to the control group, 24 h after the treatment. The phagocytic index of tick hemocytes challenged with M. anisopliae did not change upon injection of exogenous DA. Phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph of ticks injected with DA and the fungus or exclusively with DA was higher than in untreated ticks or ticks inoculated with the fungus alone, 72 h after treatment. DA was detected in the hemocytes of fungus-treated and untreated ticks. Unveiling the cellular immune response in ticks challenged with entomopathogenic fungi is important to improve strategies for the biological control of these ectoparasites.

scholarly journals Generation of infectious and transmissible virions from a GB virus B full-length consensus clone in tamarins

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 2437-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Sbardellati ◽  
Elisa Scarselli ◽  
Ernst Verschoor ◽  
Amedeo De Tomassi ◽  
Domenico Lazzaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Recombinant Virus ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
B Genome

The strong similarity between GB virus B (GBV-B) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) makes tamarins infected by GBV-B an acceptable surrogate animal model for HCV infection. Even more attractive, for drug discovery purposes, is the idea of constructing chimeric viruses by inserting HCV genes of interest into a GBV-B genome frame. To accomplish this, infectious cDNA clones of both viruses must be available. The characterization of several HCV molecular clones capable of infecting chimpanzees has been published, whereas only one infectious GBV-B clone inducing hepatitis in tamarins has been reported so far. Here we describe the infection of tamarins by intrahepatic injection of RNA transcribed from a genomic GBV-B clone (FL-3) and transmission of the disease from infected to naive tamarins via serum inoculation. The disease resulting from both direct and secondary infection was characterized for viral RNA titre and hepatitis parameters as well as for viral RNA distribution in the hepatic tissue. Host humoral immune response to GBV-B antigens was also monitored. The progression of the disease was compared to that induced by intravenous injection of different amounts of the non-recombinant virus.

Gene expression in the skin of Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle infested with the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2008 ◽  
Vol 126 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K. Piper ◽  
Louise A. Jackson ◽  
Neil H. Bagnall ◽  
Kritaya K. Kongsuwan ◽  
Ala E. Lew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick

Abstract 13073: Epicardial YAP/TAZ Regulate an Immune Suppressive Response Following Myocardial Infarction

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal Ramjee ◽  
Manvendra K Singh ◽  
Feiyan Liu ◽  
Kurt A Engleka ◽  
Lauren J Manderfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Hippo Signaling ◽  
Regulatory Cells ◽  
Strong Immune Response ◽  
Inflammation Response ◽  
Injured Myocardium

Ischemic heart disease constitutes the most prevalent type of heart disease in the US. Remodeling post-myocardial infarction (MI) is a multifaceted process driven by a strong immune response. Regulatory T-cells, a subset of CD4+ T-cells, have been shown to suppress the innate and adaptive immune response following myocardial injury to allow for less deleterious remodeling. To date, the precise mechanism by which injured myocardium recruits these suppressive immune cells remains unknown. Here, we show a novel role for the epicardium in suppressing the post-infarct inflammation response through recruitment of T-regulatory cells. The Hippo pathway is a signal transduction pathway, which has gained importance in determining organ size and is implicated as a critical regulator of tissue regeneration. Mice deficient in epicardial YAP/TAZ, two core effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway, develop profound pericardial inflammation, thoracic adhesions and myocardial fibrosis post-MI, with resultant cardiomyopathy and death. These mice demonstrate fewer suppressive T-regulatory cells in the injured myocardium, due to a deficiency of interferon-gamma, a known inducer of these T-cells. Collectively, these results suggest a novel role for Hippo signaling in immune regulation. In addition, our data suggest that the epicardium plays an important role in homing suppressive T-regulatory cells to injured myocardium so that the inflammation response may be attenuated following MI.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Acaricidal Activity of Nemuaron vieillardii Essential Oil against the Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601101
Author(s):  
Nicolas Lebouvier ◽  
Thomas Hue ◽  
Joseph Brophy ◽  
Edouard Hnawia ◽  
Mohammed Nour
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Human Carcinogen

Essential oil from leaves of Nemuaron vieillardii (Baill.) Baill., a shrub used in the kanak pharmacopeia, was analyzed by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main compounds identified were safrole (49.7%), linalool (8.0%), δ-cadinene (5.1%), caryophyllene oxide (4%) and α-copaene (2.4%). This chemical composition is consistent with leaf oils of the Atherospermataceae family and demonstrates the proximity of the two genera Nemuaron and Atherosperma as regards to their essential oil compositions. The modified Larval Packet Test (LPT) was used to assess acaricidal effect of N. vieillardii essential oil on larvae of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and LC50 was then calculated to 14.67%. High content of safrole in this oil which is suspected of being a human carcinogen, poses the problem of the use of this oil in a perspective of development of alternative tick control strategy and in the traditional medicinal consumption of Nemuaron vieillardii.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document