scholarly journals Preliminary Results on the Use of Leather Chrome Shavings for Air Passive Sampling

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sanjuán-Herráez ◽  
L. Chabaane ◽  
S. Tahiri ◽  
A. Pastor ◽  
M. de la Guardia
Keyword(s):  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
Head Space Gas Chromatography ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

A new passive sampler based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) layflat tube filled with chrome shavings from tannery waste residues was evaluated to determine volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor and outdoor areas. VOCs were directly determined by head space-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) without any pretreatment of the sampler and avoiding the use of solvents. Limit of detection values ranging from 20 to 75 ng sampler−1and good repeatability values were obtained for VOCs under study with relative standard deviation values from 2.8 to 9.6% except for carbon disulfide for which it was 22.5%. The effect of the amount of chrome shavings per sampler was studied and results were compared with those obtained using empty LDPE tubes, to demonstrate the capacity of chrome shavings to adsorb VOCs.

Implications of observed PBDE diffusion coefficients in low density polyethylene and silicone rubber

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhon F. Narváez Valderrama ◽  
Kine Baek ◽  
Francisco J. Molina ◽  
Ian J. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density

Significance of PBDE diffusivities in polymers for passive sampling and for the risk to biota when associated with microplastics.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for Quantitation of Sulfolane in Rat and Mouse Plasma by GC–MS

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A Rehder Silinski ◽  
Teruyo Uenoyama ◽  
Stephen D Cooper ◽  
Reshan A Fernando ◽  
Veronica G Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mouse Plasma ◽  
Sd Rat ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Development And Validation

AbstractSulfolane is an industrial solvent commonly used for extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons in the oil refining process, as well in the purification of natural gas. Its wide use and high solubility in water has led to contamination of groundwater. The objective of this work was to develop and validate an analytical method to quantitate sulfolane in rodent plasma in support of the National Toxicology Program toxicology and toxicokinetic studies of sulfolane. The method uses extraction of plasma with ethyl acetate and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with electron ionization. The method was validated in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rat plasma over the concentration range of 20–100,000 ng/mL. The method was linear (r ≥ 0.99), accurate (mean relative error (RE) ≤ ±5.1%) and precise (relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 2.9%). The absolute recovery was ≥74%. The limit of detection was 0.516 ng/mL. Standards as high as ~2.5 mg/mL could be successfully diluted into the calibration range (mean %RE ≤ ±4.5; %RSD ≤ 4.6). Extracted samples were stable for at least 3 days at ambient and refrigerated temperatures, and freeze/thaw stability in matrix was demonstrated after three cycles over 3 days (calculated concentrations within 90.8–102% of Day 0 concentrations). Sulfolane was stable in frozen plasma for at least 75 days at −80°C (calculated concentrations within 93.0–98.1% of Day 0 concentrations). Matrix evaluation was performed for sulfolane in female SD rat plasma and male and female B6C3F1 mouse plasma (mean %RE ≤ ±4.9; %RSD ≤ 3.3). These data demonstrate that the method is suitable for determination of sulfolane in rodent plasma.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Volatile Organic Extractable to Investigate LLDPE and LDPE Polymers on Final Packaging for Semisolid Formulation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Cozzi ◽  
Benedetta Briasco ◽  
Enrico Salvarani ◽  
Barbara Mannucci ◽  
Filippo Fangarezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

Plastic material is used for a wide variety of commercial packaging due to being inexpensive, lightweight, and due to its resistance. In pharmaceutics, container-content compatibility studies are required for product authorization. Many guidelines and publications are available; however, the information is often only related to the raw materials used to produce packaging. During the manufacturing process, substances can be added to improve the product characteristics and performance, resulting in a processed material that is considerably different from the unprocessed material. In this study, the mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) specimens fabricated according to standard ISO 527 and specimens fabricated with the same materials, but obtained from final packaging, were evaluated. Furthermore, we examined the interaction between a semisolid formulation and LLDPE and LDPE as a final packaging, by subjecting two samples to accelerated degradation testing. Then, mechanical properties and volatile organic extractable were evaluated. Simulated solar radiation did not induce changes in the packaging mechanical properties and no extracts were detectable. The thermal shock strongly influenced the mechanical behavior, and interactions between packaging contents were identified. The present work underlines the difference between analyzing the standard ISO specimens versus samples obtained from final packaging in order to evaluate the packaging under real use conditions. An evaluation on the final packaging, instead on standard specimens, can provide information about the plastic material after the manufacturing process and the interaction between packaging and content.

scholarly journals Effect of Pretreatment on Detection of 37 Pesticide Residues in Chrysanthemum indicum

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ying Lu ◽  
Yan-Qin Ouyang ◽  
Wei-Ya Zeng ◽  
Cui-Qing Lin ◽  
Lu-Hua Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Effect ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion ◽  
Phase Dispersion ◽  
Chrysanthemum Indicum ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation

This study aimed to develop a method, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, for detecting 37 pesticides in Chrysanthemum indicum (C. indicum) and investigating the decrease in the matrix-induced enhancement effect. The influence of QuEChERS extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) on the recovery and matrix effect (ME) was compared. extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) on the recovery and matrix effect (ME) was compared to decrease the ME. The cleanup sorbents, volume and type of solvent, and treatment time were optimized. The accuracy (as recovery), precision (as relative standard deviation, RSD), linearity, limit of quantitation, and limit of detection were determined. The recoveries at the three levels using mixed standard solution ranged between 76% and 120% with RSD ≤15%, and 76% and 120% with RSD ≤11% for MSPD and QuEChERS extraction, respectively. The results suggested that the ME for 21 pesticides was in the range of 80%–120% after MSPD and 15% after QuEChERS extraction. QuEChERS extraction was simpler and faster than MSPD. This methodology was applied in the analysis of 27 C. indicum samples; phorate was most frequently detected (63.0% of the sample).

Performance of passive sampling with low-density polyethylene membranes for the estimation of freely dissolved DDx concentrations in lake environments

Chemosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Borrelli ◽  
A. Patricia Tcaciuc ◽  
Iason Verginelli ◽  
Renato Baciocchi ◽  
Licia Guzzella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density

Determination Method of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Fishs by GPC-GC-PFPD

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 1002-1006
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Fan Gang Zeng ◽  
Wei Fang Ma ◽  
Qi Chun Dong ◽  
Hai Tao Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Determination Method ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Good Repeatability

The 10 organophosphorus pesticides in fish can be rapidly extracted and separated by gel permeation chromatography, and the lipin and organophosphorus pesticides of fish can be seperated. The interfering matters can be well eliminated in this condition, and analysis is more rapid than other methods. The residues of 10 organophosphorus pesticides at same time can be identified and quantified simultaneously by GC-PFPD. This method is simple, rapid, and the average recovery ratios were 71.7%-80.9%.Good repeatability was obtained in all the cases with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower 11%, and limit of detection was0.0003-0.004 mg·kg-1.

Method Evaluation Computer Program for Quantitative Analysis of PBBs and PBDEs in Plastics

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 337-343
Author(s):  
Punnee Sittidech ◽  
Manop Sittidech
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polybrominated Biphenyls ◽  
Relative Standard

Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are substances used in electrical and electronic products. They are restricted substances due to their potential risk to human health and the environment. In this research work, a test method was evaluated for the quantitative analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) in acrylonitrile-butadiene–styrene (ABS) plastic and polyethylene materials, based on solvent extraction of a plastic sample with soxhlet extraction techniques and detection by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We have also developed a computer program for checking the suitability of the analytical method by evaluating validation characteristics, including accuracy, precision, specificity/selectivity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, range and sensitivity. The computer program was successfully applied for evaluation of the analytical method for prohibited PBBs and PBDEs in plastics. Graphical charts for the evaluation of the analytical method are presented along with their values, and researchers can get insight into evaluating several parameters together. It was found that the analytical method was able to quantify monobrominated - decabrominated biphenyl and monobrominated diphenyl ether–nonabrominated diphenyl ether between 100-1750 mg/kg and decabrominated diphenyl ether between 100–8,000 mg/kg. In addition, ERM-EC590 Polyethylene certified reference material from the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) was used to validate the analytical method for PBBs and PBDEs in plastics. The obtained accuracy and precision indicate that the method successfully meets the required accuracy expressed as % recovery (70-130%) and the required precision expressed as percentage relative standard deviation (less than 20% RSD) of the IEC 62321:2008 international standard method.

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