scholarly journals Correlation between Wear Resistance and Lifetime of Electrical Contacts

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Song ◽  
Christian Koch ◽  
Liangliang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fretting Corrosion ◽  
Long Lifetime

Electrical contacts are usually plated in order to prevent corrosion. Platings of detachable electrical contacts experience wear because of the motion between contacts. Once the protecting platings have been worn out, electrical contacts will fail rapidly due to corrosion or fretting corrosion. Therefore the wear resistance of the platings is a very important parameter for the long lifetime of electrical contacts. Many measures which improve the wear resistance can diminish the conductivity of the platings. Due to the fact that platings of electrical contacts must have both a high wear resistance and a high electrical conductivity, the manufacturing of high performance platings of electrical contacts poses a great challenge. Our study shows firstly the correlation between the wear resistance of platings and lifetime of electrical contacts and then the measures, which improve the wear resistance without impairing the electrical performance of the contacts.

Porous Monolithic Electrode of Ni3FeN on 3D Graphene for Efficient Oxygen Evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 5175-5181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqing Li ◽  
Chenyang Xu ◽  
Xiangfen Jiang ◽  
Yoshio Bando ◽  
Xuebin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
3D Graphene ◽  
Transition Metal Nitride ◽  
Iron Incorporation ◽  
3D Network

Developing high-performance nonprecious electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great importance, but it remains a challenge. In this paper, we synthesize a porous monolithic catalytic electrode, which is transition metal nitride, Ni3FeN, constructed on a 3D network-like support of the strutted graphene foam (Ni3FeN/SG). The obtained Ni3FeN/SG electrode shows the excellent catalytic activity and the durability for OER in alkaline solution, owing to iron incorporation, high electrical conductivity and 3D network-like structure of strutted graphene. It requires small overpotential (226 mV) to actuate 10 mA cm−2, superior to most recently developed catalysts and commercial RuO2. The fabrication strategy provides a substantial way to expand 3D porous monolithic electrodes for various electrocatalytic applications.

Why Gold Flash Can Be Detrimental to Long-Term Reliability

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingsong Xie ◽  
Ming Sun ◽  
Michael Pecht ◽  
David F. Barbe
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Failure ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Insight Into

Most connectors are made from copper or copper alloys, with beryllium copper and phosphor bronze being the most common base materials due to their high electrical conductivity, low stress relaxation, and competitive cost. The most significant drawback is copper’s low resistance to corrosion, which can lead to electrical failure of connectors. For this reason, a layer of gold is often plated on the surfaces of connectors to seal off the base metal from being directly exposed to the environment. As an economical practice, gold flashing has been used to protect electrical contacts from corrosion. However, there is increasing evidence indicating that gold flashing can be detrimental in applications calling for long-term reliability. This paper provides insight into reliability issues of gold flash.

Effects of TiO2 sol on the microstructure and properties of Au–Co coatings

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (16-19) ◽  
pp. 1744028
Author(s):  
See Leng Tay ◽  
Jowin Van Vliet ◽  
Yuxin Wang ◽  
Fengyan Hou ◽  
Chao Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Alloying Element ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
Short Service Life ◽  
Tio2 Sol

Gold (Au) coatings are widely used for electrical contacts in devices, decoration and jewelry. However, the relatively low hardness and poor wear resistance of pure Au coatings lead to a short service life and limit their application. Ni is frequently used as an alloying element to enhance the hardness but it lowers the conductivity of Au coatings. In this research, Co was co-deposited as an alloying element with Au to improve its mechanical properties while maintaining conductivity. TiO2 sol in different concentrations was added to the Au–Co plating bath to further enhance the coating strength. Systematic studies including surface morphology, hardness, wear resistance and electrical conductivity have been carried out. Key results from nanoindentation tests demonstrated that the hardness of Au–Co–TiO2 composite coating was increased by 30% when compared to a pure Au–Co coating, while the electrical conductivity has been kept at the same level.

CONSIL 995

Alloy Digest ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity

Abstract CONSIL 995 is an air-hardenable silver-base alloy having high strength and high electrical conductivity. It does not soften as a result of being heated as in brazing. It is recommended for electrical contacts, cable connectors, spring clips, etc. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: Ag-4. Producer or source: Handy & Harman.

HITENSO 162

Alloy Digest ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
High Tensile Strength

Abstract HITENSO 162 is a copper-cadmium alloy that offers a unique combination of high tensile strength and high electrical conductivity in wire where ordinarily these properties are incompatible. It also is noted for its malleability and toughness. Among its many uses are heating pads, electric blankets, current-carrying rings and electrical contacts. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-416. Producer or source: Anaconda Industries.

Study on Full-Slag Concrete Feasibility

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 1682-1685
Author(s):  
Tie Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Slag Composition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Slag Cement ◽  
Slag Powder ◽  
Steel Slag Powder

In this paper, of the slag composition, stability and slag particles indicators of concrete performance, demonstrated use of steel slag to do the Complete Works of material, steel slag powder admixture with high wear resistance, water resistance slag cement preparationthe feasibility of high-performance cement concrete.

Wear of Electric Contact Surfaces

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Song
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Fretting Corrosion ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Electric Contacts ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Contact Shape

Fretting corrosion is one of the important factors which limits the lifetime of electric contacts. In order to avoid fretting corrosion coatings of different precious metals are used. The wear resistance of the coating determines the lifetime of electrical contacts. The long term characteristics of gold coated electrical contacts with different additives and contact shapes are investigated and the results are analyzed. It is found out that the wear resistance of contact coating can be largely influenced by the amount of the additive in gold and by the design of the contact shape. Only the combination of an optimized contact shape with suitable coating materials leads to a long term stability of electric contacts.

Platinum-decorated carbon nanoparticle/polyaniline hybrid paste for flexible wideband dipole tag-antenna application

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (13) ◽  
pp. 7029-7035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Seop Lee ◽  
Minkyu Kim ◽  
Jungkyun Oh ◽  
Jihoo Kim ◽  
Sunghun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Structural Flexibility ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticle

Platinum decorated carbon nanoparticle intercalated polyaniline:camphorsulfonic acid (Pt_C/PANI:CSA) hybrid paste that exhibited high electrical conductivity and structural flexibility was applied to a high performance flexible dipole tag-antenna electrode.

Water Dispersible Graphene Sheets Produced from Unassembled Graphene–Polyaniline Nanohybrids

NANO ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550003
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
Denian Li ◽  
Lijie Dong ◽  
Fan Sun ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Water Dispersibility

We present an efficient process for producing water dispersible graphene sheets from unassembled graphene–polyaniline nanohybrids. The result of atomic force microscopy reveals that over 80% of thus-prepared graphitic sheets are single layers with typical thickness of approximately 0.8 nm. The proportion of modifying molecules in the product is found to be as low as 3.0 wt.%, as determined by elemental analysis. Along with its fascinating water dispersibility and remarkably high electrical conductivity, such material is anticipated to be very promising for use in graphene-based nanoelectronics and high-performance composites.

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