scholarly journals Extrahepatic Manifestations and Autoantibodies in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Himoto ◽  
Tsutomu Masaki
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Extrahepatic Manifestations ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
The Relationship

Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently have many extrahepatic manifestations, as persistent HCV infection often triggers lymphoproliferative disorders and metabolic abnormalities. These manifestations primarily include autoimmune disorders such as cryoglobulinemia, Sjögren’s syndrome, and autoimmune thyroid disorders. It has been well established that chronic HCV infection plays important roles in the production of non-organ-specific autoantibodies, including antinuclear antibodies and smooth muscle antibodies, and organ-specific autoantibodies such as thyroid autoantibodies. However, the clinical significance of autoantibodies associated with the extrahepatic manifestations caused by HCV infection has not been fully recognized. In this paper, we mainly focus on the relationship between extrahepatic manifestations and the emergence of autoantibodies in patients with HCV infection and discuss the clinical relevance of the autoantibodies in the extrahepatic disorders.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C Virus Infection

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nissar Ahmad Wani
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv

                                                     Hepatitis C Virus Infection                                                                  I have read with great interest the review entitled “Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Brief Review” recently published by Saleem Kamili and Hisham Qadri in JMS, SKIMS (Vol 23 No 1 (2020): Jan-Mar).Useful information has been presented and these efforts will definitely help the clinicians to treat Hepatitis C patients in a better and effective way. I wish to make the following comments on the diagnostic evaluation of Hepatitis C infection. This was need of an hour to know the prevalence, causes, symptoms and available treatment of this disorder. As we know the virus can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis, ranging in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness. New HCV infections are usually asymptomatic. Some persons get acute hepatitis which does not lead to a life-threatening disease. It is important to note here that around 30% (15–45%) of infected persons spontaneously clear the virus within 6 months of infection without any treatment. The remaining 70% (55–85%) of persons will develop chronic HCV infection. Of those with chronic HCV infection, the risk of cirrhosis ranges between 15% and 30% within 20 years. Globally, an estimated 71 million people have chronic hepatitis C virus infection. WHO estimated that in 2016, approximately 399 000 people died from hepatitis C, mostly from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma primary liver cancer).Antiviral medicines can cure more than 95% of persons with hepatitis C infection, thereby reducing the risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer, but access to diagnosis and treatment is low.        

IgM and IgA antibodies generated against hepatitis C virus core antigen in patients with acute and chronic HCV infection

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 2022-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinjiro Sato ◽  
Shigetoshi Fujiyama ◽  
Motohiko Tanaka ◽  
Masafumi Goto ◽  
Yuko Taura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Virus Core ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Antiviral Effects of Hypericin, a Derivative of St. John's Wort Plant, in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Jacobson ◽  
Lawrence Feinman ◽  
Leonard Liebes ◽  
Nancy Ostrow ◽  
Victoria Koslowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Dosing Schedule ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv

ABSTRACT Hypericin is a natural derivative of the common St. Johns wort plant, Hypericum perforatum. It has in vitro activity against several viruses, including bovine diarrhea virus, a pestivirus with structural similarities to hepatitis C virus (HCV). We conducted a phase I dose escalation study to determine the safety and antiviral activity of hypericin in patients with chronic HCV infection. The first 12 patients received an 8-week course of 0.05 mg of hypericin per kg of body weight orally once a day; 7 patients received an 8-week course of 0.10 mg/kg orally once a day. At the end of the 8-week period of treatment, no subject had a change of plasma HCV RNA level of more than 1.0 log10. Five of 12 subjects receiving the 0.05-mg/kg/day dosing schedule and 6 of 7 subjects receiving the 0.10-mg/kg/day dosing schedule developed phototoxic reactions. No other serious adverse events associated with hypericin use occurred. The pharmacokinetic data revealed a long elimination half-life (mean values of 36.1 and 33.8 h, respectively, for the doses of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) and mean area under the curve determinations of 1.5 and 3.1 μg/ml × hr, respectively. In sum, hypericin given orally in doses of 0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg/d caused considerable phototoxicity and had no detectable anti-HCV activity in patients with chronic HCV infection.

scholarly journals Replication of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts: Protein Kinase R (PKR)-Dependent and PKR-Independent Mechanisms for Controlling HCV RNA Replication and Mediating Interferon Activities

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (15) ◽  
pp. 7364-7374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Soo Chang ◽  
Zhaohui Cai ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Ganes C. Sen ◽  
Bryan R. G. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Rna Replication ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Protein Kinase R ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts ◽  
Embryonic Fibroblasts ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes chronic hepatitis and is currently treated with alpha interferon (IFN-α)-based therapies. The underlying mechanisms of chronic HCV infection and IFN-based therapies, however, have not been defined. Protein kinase R (PKR) was implicated in the control of HCV replication and mediation of IFN-induced antiviral response. In this report, we demonstrate that a subgenomic RNA replicon of genotype 2a HCV replicated efficiently in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), as determined by cell colony formation efficiency and the detection of HCV proteins and both positive- and negative-strand RNAs. Additionally, the subgenomic HCV RNA was found to replicate more efficiently in the PKR knockout (PKR−/−) MEF than in the wild-type (PKR+/+) MEF. The knockdown expression of PKR by specific small interfering RNAs significantly enhanced the level of HCV RNA replication, suggesting that PKR is involved in the control of HCV RNA replication. The level of ISG56 (p56) was induced by HCV RNA replication, indicating the activation of PKR-independent antiviral pathways. Furthermore, IFN-α/β inhibited HCV RNA replication in PKR−/− MEFs as efficiently as in PKR+/+ MEFs. These findings demonstrate that PKR-independent antiviral pathways play important roles in controlling HCV replication and mediating IFN-induced antiviral effect. Our findings also provide a foundation for the development of transgenic mouse models of HCV replication and set a stage to further define the roles of cellular genes in the establishment of chronic HCV infection and the mediation of intracellular innate antiviral response by using MEFs derived from diverse gene knockout animals.

Lack of monomeric IgM anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antibodies in patients with chronic HCV infection

1996 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Negro ◽  
Hugo Troonen ◽  
Gerd Michel ◽  
Emiliano Giostra ◽  
Monika Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus and myocardial dysfunction – possible association

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Extrahepatic Manifestations ◽  
Myocardial Disease ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Extrahepatic Tissues ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a virus known to infect the liver. In last years, accumulated evidences has demonstrate the presence and active HCV replication in extrahepatic tissues. There are currently epidemiological, clinical, immunohistochemical and imaging data suggesting involvement of HCV in myocardial disease. The recognition of myocardial dysfunction as extrahepatic manifestations of chronic HCV infection is of special importance with significant clinical and therapeutical impact.

scholarly journals Acute hepatitis C virus infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
W L Irving ◽  
D Salmon ◽  
C Boucher ◽  
I M Hoepelman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Acute Hcv ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Acute Hcv Infection ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Around 25% of people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are able to clear the infection spontaneously, while the majority become chronically infected, with a subsequent risk for the individual patient of progressive inflammatory liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related death (Figure 1). Much is known about the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of chronic HCV infection. In comparison, knowledge about acute HCV infection is patchy. In this article, we will highlight concerns relating to acute HCV infection and suggest that public health bodies responsible for managing the HCV epidemic should redirect at least some of their resources to dealing with these issues.

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