scholarly journals Cervical Cytopathology in a Population of HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Abreu Pinheiro de Lemos ◽  
Marco Túlio Antonio García-Zapata ◽  
Suelene Brito do Nascimento Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Hiv Negative

The association between abnormal cervical cytology and HIV infection status in women was evaluated to correlate with CD4 cell count and viral load in HIV-positive patients with the presence of low-grade (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Cervical samples were collected at the Tropical Disease Hospital, Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital and at theNascer CidadãoMaternity Hospital in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. An Ayre’s spatula was used to collect samples from the ectocervix and a cytology brush to collect samples from the endocervix. Of a total of 237 women, 125 were HIV positive and 112 were HIV negative. Abnormal cytology (; 8.9%) was more common in the HIV positive group (; 12.1%) compared to the HIV-negative group (; 5.4%) (). Cytological abnormalities were not found to be associated with immunosuppression, defined as CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3. A higher frequency was found between higher viral loads (>10,000/mm3) and the presence of abnormal cytology. Pregnant women, irrespective of whether they were HIV positive or negative, were less likely to have lesions compared to the nonpregnant women in the same groups. The higher frequency of abnormal findings in Papanicolaou cytology in HIV-positive women with higher viral loads suggests the association between preinvasive cervical lesions and human immunodeficiency.

scholarly journals A study on cervical cytopathology in HIV positive pregnant women in Southern part of Assam, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3490
Author(s):  
Arun Paul Choudhury ◽  
Tanaya Acharyya
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: The association between abnormal cervical cytology and HIV infection status in pregnant women was evaluated to correlate with CD4 cell count, viral load and ART compliance in HIV positive pregnant patients with the presence of ASC-US, LSIL and HSIL.Methods: Cervical samples were collected at the Antenatal Clinic of Silchar Medical College and Hospital. An Ayre’s spatula was used to collect samples from the ectocervix and a cytology brush to collect samples from the endocervix.Results: Of a total of 75 antenatal attendees, 43 were HIV positive and 32 were HIV negative. Abnormal cytology (N=26, 60.46%) was more common in HIV positive group compared to the HIV negative group (N=7, 21.87%) with a p value of <0.05. Cytological abnormalities were found to be associated with immunosuppression, defined as CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 and was also associated with high viral load(>10,000/mm3) and poor treatment follow up with ART.Conclusions: HIV positive pregnant women are more likely to have cervical lesions as compared to the HIV negative. This higher frequency of abnormal findings in PAP cytology in HIV positive pregnant women with higher viral loads suggest association between preinvasive cervical lesions and human immune deficiency.

scholarly journals Prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology and HPV DNA positivity among HIV positive women

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3649
Author(s):  
Sunita Malik ◽  
Supriti Kumari ◽  
Harsha S. Gaikwad ◽  
Archana Mishra ◽  
Mausumi Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Hpv Dna Testing ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: The relationship among HIV, HPV, and development of CIN is complex and incompletely understood. Present study is undertaken to find out the prevalence and relationship of abnormal cervical cytology and HPV infection in HIV positive women.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, case control study conducted on 95 HIV seropositive and 95 seronegative women. Specimen was collected from the cervix for HPV DNA testing, subtyping and cytology.Results: HPV DNA positivity was higher in seropositive group (18.6% vs. 7.4%). Premalignant conditions were found only in seropositive group. At CD4 count <249 HPV DNA positivity was 53%, at 250-499 the percentage of HPV DNA positivity was 31% and at >500 HPV DNA positivity was 19%.Conclusions: Prevalence of abnormal cytology and HPV DNA positivity is higher amongst HIV positive women and there is an association between HPV DNA positivity with lower CD4 counts. 

scholarly journals Abnormal cervical cytology amongst women infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Limpopo province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Ntuli ◽  
Eric Maimela ◽  
Linda Skaal ◽  
Mabina Mogale ◽  
Provia Lekota
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: Cervical cancer remains the major public problem worldwide and the most common gynaecological malignancy in the developing world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.Aim: To determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology amongst women with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and examine the association between HIV and histological grading.Setting: The study was conducted in Limpopo province, which is the northernmost province of South Africa. The province has five district municipalities with one tertiary, five regional and thirty four district hospitals.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cervical cancer cases in Limpopo province (LP) of South Africa, using data collected routinely by the National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS). The data on smears submitted for cytology between 2013 and 2015 were extracted from the Central Data Warehouse (CDW) database.Results: A total of 84 466 women were screened for cervical cytology smears. Their mean age was 39.8 ± 13.6 years, with range from 15 to 113 years; 77.2% were in the age group 30 years and older and 19.6% had an abnormal cervical cytology result. Overall, 46.4% of the women screened for cervical cancer were HIV infected. A significantly higher proportion of HIV-positive women had abnormal cytology than HIV-negative women (31.8% vs. 9.2%).Conclusion: The prevalence of abnormal cytology amongst HIV-positive women is relatively high, and the risk appears to be significantly greater in all age groups. This finding highlights the need to ascertain HIV status of all women presenting with cervical cancer.

HPV Positivity and Risk of Cervical Cancer according to HIV-Infection: A Comparative Assessment in the Population of Cameroonian Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Martin SOSSO ◽  
Michel Carlos TOMMO TCHOUAKET ◽  
Joseph Fokam ◽  
Rachel Kamgaing Simo ◽  
Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cervical Lesion ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Epithelial Lesion ◽  
Oncogenic Hpv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Cervical cancer, caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), remains a global health challenge. In HIV highly-burdened settings, it would be relevant to understand the severity of cervical cancer in case of co-infection with HPV. We therefore sought to determine the effect of HPV on the occurrence of cervical lesions among women with versus without HIV-infection. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted throughout 2012 among 257 women living in Yaoundé, Cameroon. HIV serology, genotyping of high-risk oncogenic HPV and cervical vaginal smear (CVS) were performed for all participants; among those reported to be HIV seropositive, HIV plasma viral load and CD4 count were measured. Results of the CVS were interpreted following the Bethesda 2001 guidelines. Statistical analyses were performed using Graph Pad version 6.0; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean age of our study participants was 37 ± 6.5 years. According to HIV serology, 184 (71.59%) were HIV-positive vs. 73 (28.40%) HIV-negative women, with a similar age distribution respectively (36 ± 2.80 years versus 42 ± 8.48 years). Among HIV-positive women, median CD4 was 438 [IQR: 317–597] cells/mm3 and median viremia < 40 [IQR: <40 − 2318] copies/mL. Following successful genotyping, the prevalence of high-risk oncogenic HPV was 36.32% (73/201), with a significantly higher proportion among those with HIV-infection (41.98% [55/131] vs. 25.71% [18/70]; p = 0.02; OR = 2.1). CVS revealed 31.74% (97) normal cervix; 38.91% (100) inflammation; 16.34% (42) low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion; 6.34% (18) high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion. Overall rate of cervical lesions was 23.34% (60/257), with a non-significantly higher proportion in HIV-infected participants (25.00% [46/184] versus 19.17% [14/73]; p = 0.31). Of relevance, the presence of high-risk oncogenic HPV was significantly associated with cervical lesions (p < 0.0001; OR = 5.07), with a higher risk of cervical lesion among HIV-positive (p < 0.0001 and OR = 5.67) versus HIV-negative (p = 0.03 and OR = 3.83). Conclusion Though oncogenic HPV appears as an independent factor of the occurrence of cervical lesions, the risk of cervical lesion is substantially higher among HIV/HPV co-infection compared to HPV-infection alone. Thus, prevention of cervical cancer should be prioritised for women living with HIV-infection in HPV-endemic settings.

scholarly journals Multiple-Strain Infections of Human Cytomegalovirus with High Genomic Diversity are Common In Breast Milk from HIV-Positive Women in Zambia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás M. Suárez ◽  
Kunda G. Musonda ◽  
Eric Escriva ◽  
Margaret Njenga ◽  
Anthony Agbueze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Strain Diversity ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Hiv Negative

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn developed countries, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major pathogen in congenitally infected and immunocompromised individuals, in whom multiple-strain infection is linked to disease severity. The situation is less documente in developing countries. In Zambia, breast milk is a key route for transmitting HCMV and carries higher viral loads in HIV-positive women. We investigated HCMV strain diversity.MethodsHigh-throughput sequence datasets were generated from 28 HCMV-positive breast milk samples donated by 22 mothers (15 HIV-positive and seven HIV-negative) at 4 or 16 weeks (or both) postpartum and analysed by genotyping 12 hypervariable HCMV genes.ResultsAmong the 20 samples from 14 donors (13 HIV-positive and one HIV-negative) that yielded data meeting quality thresholds, 89 of the possible 109 genotypes were detected, and multiple-strain infections involving up to five strains per person were apparent in nine HIV-positive women. Strain diversity was extensive among individuals but conserved compartmentally and longitudinally within them. Genotypic linkage was maintained within the hypervariable UL73/UL74 and RL12/RL13/UL1 loci for virus-entry and immunomodulation, but not between genes more distant from each other.ConclusionsBreast milk from HIV-positive women contains multiple HCMV strains of high genotypic complexity and thus constitutes a major source for transmitting viral diversity.

Incidence of Cytological Abnormalities in Pap's Smear in HIV Positive Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. e000136
Author(s):  
Suhana Jotva ◽  
Hemani Desai ◽  
Hansa Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Cytological Abnormalities ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Hiv Negative

Aims and Objectives: The aim of present study is to estimate the frequency of abnormal PAP’s smears and mainly to detect precancerous and cancerous lesions as well as inflammatory lesions in HIV infected women. Methodology: Our study was a retrospective study of total 130 cases and PAP’s smears were examined in cytology section in Department of Pathology, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad from 1st March 2017 to 31st August 2017. Both HIV positive and HIV negative patients were included in the study. 80 patients were HIV negative and 50 patients were HIV positive. The clinical history and relevant parameters were noted. All the smears were processed by a conventional method using Papanicolaou stain.  Results: Out of 130 cases, 118 cases were reported negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM). Five cases were positive for squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) out of which four were HIV positive. Seven cases were of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) out of which 5 were HIV positive. Three cases were showing bacterial vaginosis. 1 case was showing Trichomonas Vaginalis. 19 cases were showing changes of non-specific inflammation. 6 cases were showing atrophic changes.  Conclusion: HIV infected women are at more risk to develop cervical cytological abnormalities. The study revealed a maximum number of non-specific inflammatory smears followed by smears showing atrophic changes. Smears suspicious for malignancy (ASCUS) and smears showing squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) were more common in HIV positive patients. Thus regular PAP’s smears screening as recommended by National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) will help in early detection of cervical abnormalities in HIV positive women. 

Long-term effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on cervical lesions in HIV-positive women

AIDS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 2136-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Uberti-Foppa ◽  
Davide Ferrari ◽  
Sara Lodini ◽  
Salvatore Reina ◽  
Franco Ameglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Long Term Effect

scholarly journals Persistent Low-Risk and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections of the Uterine Cervix in HIV-Negative and HIV-Positive Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally N. Adebamowo ◽  
Oluwatoyosi Olawande ◽  
Ayotunde Famooto ◽  
Eileen O. Dareng ◽  
Richard Offiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Papillomavirus Infections ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Hiv Negative

scholarly journals Relationship between the Cervical Microbiome, HIV Status, and Precancerous Lesions

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Klein ◽  
Daniela Gonzalez ◽  
Kandali Samwel ◽  
Crispin Kahesa ◽  
Julius Mwaiselage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Positive ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cervical Cancers ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Richness ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Hiv Negative

ABSTRACT Nearly all cervical cancers are causally associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). The burden of HPV-associated dysplasias in sub-Saharan Africa is influenced by HIV. To investigate the role of the bacterial microbiome in cervical dysplasia, cytobrush samples were collected directly from cervical lesions of 144 Tanzanian women. The V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and deep sequenced. Alpha diversity metrics (Chao1, PD whole tree, and operational taxonomic unit [OTU] estimates) displayed significantly higher bacterial richness in HIV-positive patients (P = 0.01) than in HIV-negative patients. In HIV-positive patients, there was higher bacterial richness in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) (P = 0.13) than those without lesions. The most abundant OTUs associated with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were Mycoplasmatales, Pseudomonadales, and Staphylococcus. We suggest that a chronic mycoplasma infection of the cervix may contribute to HPV-dependent dysplasia by sustained inflammatory signals. IMPORTANCE HPV is known to be the causal agent in the majority of cervical cancers. However, the role of the cervical bacterial microbiome in cervical cancer is not clear. To investigate that possibility, we collected cervical cytobrush samples from 144 Tanzanian women and performed deep sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. We found that HIV-positive patients had greater bacterial richness (P = 0.01) than HIV-negative patients. We also observed that women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) had greater cervical bacterial diversity than women with cytologically normal cervices. Data from our precise sampling of cervical lesions leads us to propose that Mycoplasma contributes to a cervical microbiome status that promotes HPV-related cervical lesions. These results suggest a greater influence of the bacterial microbiota on the outcome of HPV infection than previously thought.

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