scholarly journals Ethanol Exposure Alters Protein Expression in a Mouse Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Mason ◽  
Bruce Anthony ◽  
Xianyin Lai ◽  
Heather N. Ringham ◽  
Mu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Whole Embryo Culture ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Alcohol exposure during development can result in variable growth retardation and facial dysmorphology known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Although the mechanisms underlying the disorder are not fully understood, recent progress has been made that alcohol induces aberrant changes in gene expression and in the epigenome of embryos. To inform the gene and epigenetic changes in alcohol-induced teratology, we used whole-embryo culture to identify the alcohol-signature protein profile of neurulating C6 mice. Alcohol-treated and control cultures were homogenized, isoelectrically focused, and loaded for 2D gel electrophoresis. Stained gels were cross matched with analytical software. We identified 40 differentially expressed protein spots (P<0.01), and 9 spots were selected for LC/MS-MS identification. Misregulated proteins include serotransferrin, triosephosphate isomerase and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N. Misregulation of serotransferrin and triosephosphate isomerase was confirmed with immunologic analysis. Alteration of proteins with roles in cellular function, cell cycle, and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway was induced by alcohol. Several misregulated proteins interact with effectors of the NF-κB and Myc transcription factor cascades. Using a whole-embryo culture, we have identified misregulated proteins known to be involved in nervous system development and function.

scholarly journals Language Development Disorder in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), a Case Study

Languages ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Yuri E. Vega-Rodríguez ◽  
Elena Garayzabal-Heinze ◽  
Esther Moraleda-Sepúlveda
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Foster Home ◽  
Language Development Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Prenatal alcohol exposure can cause developmental damage in children. There are different types and ranges of alterations that fall under the name of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Disabilities in learning, cognition, and behavior are observed. Environmental conditions are an influencing factor in this population since they are generally adverse and are either not diagnosed at an early stage or given the appropriate support and approach. We present a case study of a 9-year-old child, in which all the variables affecting his development (FASD diagnosis and socioenvironmental conditions) were observed and analyzed. His early childhood under institutional care, the move to a foster home at the age of 6, and several measures of evaluation from foster care to the present are described. Difficulties in vocabulary, access to vocabulary, morphology, syntax, grammar, oral narrative, pragmatics, speech, and communication were observed, along with cognitive difficulties in memory, perception and executive functioning, social adaptation, learning, and behavior. An early diagnosis and approach enable this population to develop skills in different dimensions to address early adversity despite their neurological and behavioral commitment. Speech-language pathologist services are crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of the language and communication difficulties that characterize this syndrome.

Neurobiology of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Lopez-Arvizu ◽  
Carmel Bogle ◽  
Harolyn M.E. Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Prenatal exposure to ethanol can result in a wide range of clinical presentations that are grouped under the term “Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders” (FASD). The direct cellular teratogenic effects of ethanol on fetal neurodevelopment include damage to cell survival, proliferation, and migration mechanisms. Dysregulation of neurotransmission and alteration of genetic transcription have also been implicated in the neurotoxic effects of prenatal ethanol exposure. These deleterious events lead to brain volume reduction, corpus callosum dysgenesis, cerebellar, and other neuroanatomical anomalies that have been observed in individuals with FASD. Beyond direct ethanol-induced insults, the impact that ethanol has on maternal nutrition, metabolism, hormonal regulation, and placental physiology also adversely effects fetal development. The complex interactions between numerous neurobiological and psychosocial mechanisms that hinder optimal fetal neurodevelopment are reflected by the heterogeneous clinical presentation of FASD, including impaired growth, dysmorphic facial features, and cognitive and behavioral disorders.

scholarly journals Screening in treatment programs for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders that could affect therapeutic progress

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese M Grant ◽  
Natalie Novick Brown ◽  
J. Christopher Graham ◽  
Nancy Whitney ◽  
Dan Dubovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Grant, T., Novick Brown, N., Graham, J., Whitney, N., Dubovsky, D. , & Nelson, L. (2013). Screening in treatment programs for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders that could affect therapeutic progress. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 2(3), 37-49. doi:10.7895/ijadr.v2i3.116 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i3.116)Aims: While structured intake interviews are the standard of care in substance abuse treatment programs, these interviews often do not screen for cognitive impairments, such as those found in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and other brain-based developmental disorders. The research reported here supports a brief interview protocol, the Life History Screen (LHS), that screens clients unobtrusively for adverse life-course outcomes typically found in FASD, so as to guide follow-up assessments and treatment planning.Design: Two-group observational study.Setting: A three-year case management intervention program in Washington State for high-risk women who abuse alcohol and/or drugs during pregnancy.Participants: Group 1: No prenatal alcohol exposure (N = 463); Group 2: Diagnosed with FASD (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder, fetal alcohol effects, or static encephalopathy) by a qualified physician (N = 25), or suspected of having FASD (reported prenatal alcohol exposure and displayed behaviors consistent with a clinical diagnosis of FASD) (N = 61).Measures: The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was administered to participants at intake. We analyzed eleven ASI items that corresponded to questions on the LHS in order to assess the potential of the LHS for identifying adults with possible FASD. The Life History Screen itself was not administered.Findings: Analysis of group differences between the diagnosed FASD and suspected FASD groups supported our decision to collapse the two groups for the main analysis. The Life History Screen shows promise as an efficient pre-treatment screen, in that core items are significantly associated with FASD group membership on factors involving childhood history, maternal drinking, education, substance use, employment, and psychiatric symptomatology.Conclusions: The Life History Screen may have utility as a self-report measure that can be used at the outset of treatment to identify clients with cognitive impairments and learning disabilities due to prenatal alcohol exposure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document