scholarly journals Immunocytes as a Biocarrier to Delivery Therapeutic and Imaging Contrast Agents to Tumors

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhyang Choi ◽  
Ha-Na Woo ◽  
Eun Jin Ju ◽  
Joohee Jung ◽  
Hye-Kyung Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Ionizing Radiation Exposure

Radiotherapy for cancer treatment has been used for primary or adjuvant treatment in many types of cancer, and approximately half of all cancer patients are undergoing radiation. However, ionizing radiation exposure induces genetic alterations in cancer cells and results in recruitment of monocytes/macrophages by triggering signals released from these cells. Using this characteristic of monocytes/macrophages, we have attempted to develop a biocarrier loading radiosensitizing anticancer agents that can lead to enhance the therapeutic effect of radiation in cancer treatment. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the proof of this concept. THP-1 labeled with Qdot 800 or iron oxide (IO) effectively migrated into tumors of subcutaneous mouse model and increased recruitment after ionizing radiation. Functionalized liposomes carrying a radiosensitizing anticancer agent, doxorubicin, are successfully loaded in THP-1 (THP-1-LP-Dox) with reduced cytotoxicity, and THP-1-LP-Dox also was observed in tumors after intravenous administration. Here, we report that monocytes/macrophages as a biocarrier can be used as a selective tool for amplification of the therapeutic effects on radiotherapy for human cancer treatment.

Optimizing trans-arterial drug delivery using mono-disperse emulsion

Impact ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (8) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Daisuke Yasui
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Metastatic Liver Cancer ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
Emulsion Droplets ◽  
Arterial Chemoembolization

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common human cancer and is the 5th cause of mortality in men and the 7th in female. Surgical resection and tumor ablation (radiofrequency or microwave) are curative therapy; however, some patients are not indicated to these treatments, mainly due to large number or size of the lesions. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is a standard of care for these patients. In this treatment, mixture of various anticancer agent (Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, Miriplatin) and lipophilic contrast media (Lipiodol) is administered via catheter inserted into tumor feeding arteries, followed by embolization. Tumor control can be obtained in 50-90 % of the patients and there is a room for improvement. One major cause of poor tumor control is uneven large-sized emulsion droplets, which are now used in clinical practice. The aim of this project is to improve accumulation of anticancer agents/lipiodol in the tumor by using even small-sized emulsion (mono-dispersed emulsion) which is obtained by utilizing cutting-edge technology called 'membrane emulsification'. The application can be also widened to metastatic liver cancer.

Monitoring Ionizing Radiation Exposure for Cardiotoxic Effects of Breast Cancer Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 1678-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Murtagh ◽  
Zoe Yu ◽  
Emily Harrold ◽  
Jennie Cooke ◽  
Niamh Keegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment ◽  
Ionizing Radiation Exposure

Clinical uses of melatonin: evaluation of human trials on cancer treatment.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia González González ◽  
Noemi Rueda Revilla ◽  
Emilio J, Sánchez-Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Tumor Growth Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Human Cancer Cells

Melatonin is a molecule with numerous properties, which are applicable to the treatment of different types of cancers. Experimental in vitro and in vivo studies conducted with human cancer cells or animal models of carcinogenesis, have shown that melatonin enhances apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation of several human cancer cells, reduces tumor growth rate and its metastases, reduces the side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, decreases the resistance to standard cancer treatments, and potentiates the therapeutic effects of other conventional therapies. These satisfactory results obtained from “bench” need to be studied in clinical trials to verify whether they are applicable to “bedside”. In this article we review the clinical trials carried out in the last 25 years which are focused on the therapeutic use of melatonin in cancer treatment. We conclude that melatonin is an effective adjuvant drug to practically any conventional cancer therapy since it is capable of improving the quality of life of patients, by normalizing sleep and alleviating general symptoms associated with tumor disease and treatment such as pain, asthenia, anorexia, etc. In the particular case of hormone-dependent breast cancer, melatonin's antiestrogenic properties make this indoleamine ideally suited for use in association with other synthetic anti-estrogen agents, as melatonin increases their efficacy while reducing their undesirable effects. Furthermore, melatonin could be an appropriate co-treatment for preventive treatment of breast cancer in people with elevated risk for this kind of neoplasia.

scholarly journals Abscopal Effect and Drug-Induced Xenogenization: A Strategic Alliance in Cancer Treatment?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10672
Author(s):  
Ornella Franzese ◽  
Francesco Torino ◽  
Elisa Giannetti ◽  
Giorgia Cioccoloni ◽  
Angelo Aquino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Abscopal Effect ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits

The current state of cancer treatment is still far from being satisfactory considering the strong impairment of patients’ quality of life and the high lethality of malignant diseases. Therefore, it is critical for innovative approaches to be tested in the near future. In view of the crucial role that is played by tumor immunity, the present review provides essential information on the immune-mediated effects potentially generated by the interplay between ionizing radiation and cytotoxic antitumor agents when interacting with target malignant cells. Therefore, the radiation-dependent abscopal effect (i.e., a biological effect of ionizing radiation that occurs outside the irradiated field), the influence of cancer chemotherapy on the antigenic pattern of target neoplastic cells, and the immunogenic cell death (ICD) caused by anticancer agents are the main topics of this presentation. It is widely accepted that tumor immunity plays a fundamental role in generating an abscopal effect and that anticancer drugs can profoundly influence not only the host immune responses, but also the immunogenic pattern of malignant cells. Remarkably, several anticancer drugs impact both the abscopal effect and ICD. In addition, certain classes of anticancer agents are able to amplify already expressed tumor-associated antigens (TAA). More importantly, other drugs, especially triazenes, induce the appearance of new tumor neoantigens (TNA), a phenomenon that we termed drug-induced xenogenization (DIX). The adoption of the abscopal effect is proposed as a potential therapeutic modality when properly applied concomitantly with drug-induced increase in tumor cell immunogenicity and ICD. Although little to no preclinical or clinical studies are presently available on this subject, we discuss this issue in terms of potential mechanisms and therapeutic benefits. Upcoming investigations are aimed at evaluating how chemical anticancer drugs, radiation, and immunotherapies are interacting and cooperate in evoking the abscopal effect, tumor xenogenization and ICD, paving the way for new and possibly successful approaches in cancer therapy.

Dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticle-improved therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2998-3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsai-Hua Chung ◽  
Szu-Chun Hsu ◽  
Shu-Hui Wu ◽  
Jong-Kai Hsiao ◽  
Chih-Peng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle

Dex-IO NPs can improve the therapeutic benefit of hMSCs in a PD mouse model.

Enhanced expression of proapoptotic and autophagic proteins involved in the cell death of glioblastoma induced by synthetic glycans

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1298-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Faried ◽  
Muhammad Zafrullah Arifin ◽  
Shogo Ishiuchi ◽  
Hiroyuki Kuwano ◽  
Shin Yazawa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Autophagic Proteins

Object Glioblastoma is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor, and overall patient survival has not been prolonged even by conventional therapies. Previously, the authors found that chemically synthesized glycans could be anticancer agents against growth of a series of cancer cells. In this study, the authors examined the effects of glycans on the growth of glioblastoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Methods The authors investigated not only the occurrence of changes in the cell signaling molecules and expression levels of various proteins related to cell death, but also a mouse model involving the injection of glioblastoma cells following the administration of synthetic glycans. Results Synthetic glycans inhibited the growth of glioblastoma cells, induced the apoptosis of the cells with cleaved poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression and DNA fragmentation, and also caused autophagy, as shown by the detection of autophagosome proteins and monodansylcadaverine staining. Furthermore, tumor growth in the in vivo mouse model was significantly inhibited. A dramatic induction of programmed cell death was found in glioblastoma cells after treatment with synthetic glycans. Conclusions These results suggest that synthetic glycans could be a promising novel anticancer agent for performing chemotherapy against glioblastoma.

The problem of ionizing radiation exposure of the radiologists in the opinion of students of Medical Faculties of the Medical University of Lublin

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-233
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Czekajska-Chehab ◽  
Piotr Przybylski ◽  
Marcin Pankowicz ◽  
Maria Korzec ◽  
Andrzej Drop
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Medical Faculties ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Ionizing Radiation Exposure

Synthesis and Antibacterial / Anticancer Activities of Compounds Containing Pyrazole Ring Linked to Piperazines

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-431
Author(s):  
Kishore K. Valluri ◽  
Tejeswara R. Allaka ◽  
IV Kasi Viswanath ◽  
Nagaraju PVVS
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Pyrazole Ring ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Parent Molecule ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Many pyrazole piperazine derivatives are known to exhibit a wide range, thus being attractive for the drug design and synthesis of interesting class of widely studied heterocyclic compounds. It is therefore necessary to devote continuing effort for the identification and development of New Chemical Entities (NCEs) as potential antibacterial and anticancer agents to address serious health problems. Methods: A series of new compounds containing pyrazole ring linked to a piperazine hydrochloride moiety were synthesized and screened for their antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity of novel scaffolds are described by variation in therapeutic effects of parent molecule. The structure variants were characterized by using a blend of spectroscopic 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, Mass and chromatographic techniques. Results: When tested for in vitro antibacterial and anticancer activities, several of these compounds showed good activities. The target compounds 9b, 9a and 9e exhibited a high degree of anticancer activity against human colon cancer cell line Caco-2 and human breast cancer cell line MDAMB231. Further, 9a, 9b, 9d, and 9h showed better activity towards four medically relevant organisms; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Species compared to CPF. In the present investigation, cheminfomatics tools Molinspiration, 2003 and MolSoft, 2007 for the prediction of insilico molecular properties and drug likeness for the target compounds 9a-h was evaluated and positive results were observed. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the molecular framework presented here could be a useful template for the identification of novel small molecules as promising antibacterial/ anticancer agents.

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