scholarly journals Delay-Tolerant, Low-Power Protocols for Large Security-Critical Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio S. Malavenda ◽  
F. Menichelli ◽  
M. Olivieri
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Wireless Sensor Node ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Sensor Networking ◽  
Delay Tolerant

This paper reports the analysis, implementation, and experimental testing of a delay-tolerant and energy-aware protocol for a wireless sensor node, oriented to security applications. The solution proposed takes advantages from different domains considering as a guideline the low power consumption and facing the problems of seamless and lossy connectivity offered by the wireless medium along with very limited resources offered by a wireless network node. The paper is organized as follows: first we give an overview on delay-tolerant wireless sensor networking (DTN); then we perform a simulation-based comparative analysis of state-of-the-art DTN approaches and illustrate the improvement offered by the proposed protocol; finally we present experimental data gathered from the implementation of the proposed protocol on a proprietary hardware node.

scholarly journals A novel energy-aware routing protocol in intermittently connected delay-tolerant wireless sensor networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 155014771771738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wook Kang ◽  
Yun Won Chung
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Probabilistic Routing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Delay Tolerant ◽  
Overhead Ratio ◽  
Intermittently Connected

In delay-tolerant wireless sensor networks, messages for sensor data are delivered using opportunistic contacts between intermittently connected nodes. Since there is no stable end-to-end routing path like the Internet and mobile nodes operate on battery, an energy-efficient routing protocol is needed. In this article, we consider the probabilistic routing protocol using history of encounters and transitivity protocol as the base protocol. Then, we propose an energy-aware routing protocol in intermittently connected delay-tolerant wireless sensor networks, where messages are forwarded based on the node’s remaining battery, delivery predictability, and type of nodes. The performance of the proposed protocol is compared with that of probabilistic routing protocol using history of encounters and transitivity and probabilistic routing protocol using history of encounters and transitivity with periodic sleep in detail, from the aspects of delivery ratio, overhead ratio, delivery latency, and ratio of alive nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has better delivery probability, overhead ratio, and ratio of alive nodes, in most of the considered parameter settings, in spite of a small increase in delivery latency.

Wireless Vibration Sensing Without a Battery

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Huang ◽  
Yayu Hew
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Node ◽  
Signal Modulation ◽  
Ultra Low Power

This paper presents the implementation and characterization of a low power wireless vibration sensor that can be powered by a flash light. The wireless system consists of two components, namely the wireless sensor node and the wireless interrogation unit. The wireless sensor node includes a wireless strain gauge that consumes around 6 mW, a signal modulation circuit, and a light energy harvesting unit. To achieve ultra-low power consumption, the signal modulation circuit was implemented using a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to convert the strain gauge output to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal, which is then used to alter the impedance of the sensor antenna and thus achieves amplitude modulation of the backscattered antenna signal. A generic solar panel with energy harvesting circuit is used to power the strain sensor node continuously. The wireless interrogation unit transmits the interrogation signal and receives the amplitude modulated antenna backscattering, which can be down-converted to recover the IF signal. In order to measure the strains dynamically, a Phase Lock Loop (PLL) circuit was implemented at the interrogator to track the frequency of the IF signal and provide a signal that is directly proportional to the measured strain. The system features ultra-low power consumption, complete wireless sensing, solar powering, and portability. The application of this low power wireless strain system for vibration measurement is demonstrated and characterized.

A Survey on Wireless Sensor Networks

2015 ◽  
pp. 171-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero Toral-Cruz ◽  
Faouzi Hidoussi ◽  
Djallel Eddine Boubiche ◽  
Romeli Barbosa ◽  
Miroslav Voznak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Task Management ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Networking Protocols

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have become one of the most attractive research areas in many scientific fields for the last years. WSN consists of several sensor nodes that collect data in inaccessible areas and send them to the base station (BS) or sink. At the same time sensor networks have some special characteristics compared to traditional networks, which make it hard to deal with such kind of networks. The architecture of protocol stack used by the base station and sensor nodes, integrates power and routing awareness (i.e., energy-aware routing), integrates data with networking protocols (i.e., data aggregation), communicates power efficiently through the wireless medium, and promotes cooperative efforts of sensor nodes (i.e., task management plane).

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