scholarly journals Thyroid Cancer: Molecular Aspects and New Therapeutic Strategies

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Grande ◽  
Juan José Díez ◽  
Carles Zafon ◽  
Jaume Capdevila
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
General Term ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Activating Mutations ◽  
Oncogenic Mutations ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Histological Subgroups

Despite that thyroid cancer accounts for over 90% of tumors that arise from the endocrine system, these tumors barely represent 2% of solid tumors in adults. Many entities are grouped under the general term of thyroid cancer, and they differ in histological features as well as molecular and clinical behavior. Thus, the prognosis for patients with thyroid cancer ranges from a survival rate of >97% at 5 years, in the case of differentiated thyroid tumors sensitive to radioactive iodine, to a 4-month median survival for anaplastic tumors. The high vascularity in these tumors and the important role that oncogenic mutations may have in the RAS/RAF/MEK pathway and oncogenicity (as suggested by activating mutations and rearrangements of theRETgene) have led to the development of multitarget inhibitors in different histological subgroups of patients. The correct molecular characterization of patients with thyroid cancer is thought to be a key aspect for the future clinical management of these patients.

scholarly journals Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Management of Patients with Radioiodine Nonresponsive Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naifa Lamki Busaidy ◽  
Maria E. Cabanillas
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Cancers ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Oncogenic Mutations ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancers ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Metastatic Thyroid Cancer

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (papillary and follicular) has a favorable prognosis with an 85% 10-year survival. The patients that recur often require surgery and further radioactive iodine to render them disease-free. Five percent of thyroid cancer patients, however, will eventually succumb to their disease. Metastatic thyroid cancer is treated with radioactive iodine if the metastases are radioiodine avid. Cytotoxic chemotherapies for advanced or metastatic noniodine avid thyroid cancers show no prolonged responses and in general have fallen out of favor. Novel targeted therapies have recently been discovered that have given rise to clinical trials for thyroid cancer. Newer aberrations in molecular pathways and oncogenic mutations in thyroid cancer together with the role of angiogenesis in tumor growth have been central to these discoveries. This paper will focus on the management and treatment of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancers that do not take up radioactive iodine.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Immune Cell Infiltration Landscape of Thyroid Cancer for Improved Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Gong ◽  
Bo Jin ◽  
Liang Shang ◽  
Ning Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Immune Cell Infiltration ◽  
Mutation Burden

Within the endocrine system, thyroid cancer (THCA) is the most typical malignant tumor. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play vital roles in tumor progression, recurrence, metastasis as well as response to immunotherapy. However, THCA’s immune infiltrative landscape is still not clarified. Therefore, we utilized two statistical algorithms to investigate the immune cell infiltration (ICI) landscape of 505 THCA samples and defined three ICI immune subtypes. The ICI scores were calculated using principal-component analysis. Increased tumor mutation burden (TMB) and immune-related signaling pathways were associated to a high ICI score. The high ICI score group indicated a relatively longer overall survival (OS) than the low ICI score group. Most immune checkpoint-related and immune activation-related genes were considerably upregulated in the ICI high group, which indicates stronger immunogenicity and a greater likelihood of benefiting from immunotherapy. In two cohort studies of patients receiving immunotherapy, high-ICI-score group showed notable therapeutic effects and clinical advantages compared to those with lower ICI scores. These results demonstrate that ICI score acts as an effective prognostic indicator and predictor of response to immunotherapy.

Socio-demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patient with Thyroid Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
AKM Farhad Hossain ◽  
Md Mahmudur Rahman Siddiqui ◽  
Sayada Fatema Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant disease in endocrine system. It is an emerging public health issue associated with burden on the family, community and the nation. The aim of this study is to determine the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patient with thyroid cancer attending in tertiary hospital. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 246 thyroid cancer patients in two tertiary hospitals of Dhaka city from 01 July 2018 to 30 June 2019. The subjects were selected purposively following specific selection criteria and maintaining ethical issues. Data were collected by face to face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire and checklist. Data were analyzed by the statistical package for the social science (SPSS) version 23. Results: This study revealed that majority (74.4%) of respondents was female, married (72%), housewife (61.4%), rural respondent (41.1%) and had primary education (69%). Mean (± SD) age of the respondent was 37.85(±12.20) years (Range 14-70 years) and mean (± SD) monthly family income was Tk. 17681(±10602). Out of 246 cases, 204 (82.9%) was papillary and 42 (17.1%) was follicular carcinoma. Various clinical presentations included visible neck swelling in 225 (91.5%), swollen lymph node in 103 (41.9%), pain 90 (36.6%), Difficulties in swallowing 87 (35.4%), Hoarseness of voice in 141 (57.3%), cough along with swelling 47(19.1%), Difficulties in breathing due to swelling in 13(5.3%) of the patients. Conclusion: Incidence of thyroid cancer has increased worldwide specially in female patients in 3rd and 4th decades of life. As thyroid cancer is a growing public health problem in Bangladesh, proper screening and early diagnostic facilities at all level should be available to measure its actual burden in the country. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 11, No. 1: Jan 2020, P 54-58

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