scholarly journals The Major Histocompatibility Complex in Transplantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Ayala García ◽  
Beatriz González Yebra ◽  
Andrea Liliana López Flores ◽  
Eduardo Guaní Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Human Leukocyte Antigens ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
Leukocyte Antigens ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Positive Effect

The transplant of organs is one of the greatest therapeutic achievements of the twentieth century. In organ transplantation, the adaptive immunity is considered the main response exerted to the transplanted tissue, since the principal target of the immune response is the MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules expressed on the surface of donor cells. However, we should not forget that the innate and adaptive immunities are closely interrelated and should be viewed as complementary and cooperating. When a human transplant is performed, HLA (human leukocyte antigens) molecules from a donor are recognized by the recipient's immune system triggering an alloimmune response Matching of donor and recipient for MHC antigens has been shown to have a significant positive effect on graft acceptance. This paper will present MHC, the innate and adaptive immunities, and clinical HLA testing.

scholarly journals The Role of Major Histocompatibility Complex in Organ Transplantation- Donor Specific Anti-Major Histocompatibility Complex Antibodies Analysis Goes to the Next Stage -

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Nakamura ◽  
Takayuki Shirouzu ◽  
Katsuya Nakata ◽  
Norio Yoshimura ◽  
Hidetaka Ushigome
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Antibody Mediated Rejection ◽  
Leukocyte Antigens ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex

Organ transplantation has progressed with the comprehension of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). It is true that the outcome of organ transplantation largely relies on how well rejection is managed. It is no exaggeration to say that to be well acquainted with MHC is a shortcut to control rejection. In human beings, MHC is generally recognized as human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Under the current circumstances, the number of alleles is still increasing, but the function is not completely understood. Their roles in organ transplantation are of vital importance, because mismatches of HLA alleles possibly evoke both cellular and antibody-mediated rejection. Even though the control of cellular rejection has improved by recent advances of immunosuppressants, there is no doubt that antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), which is strongly correlated with donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA), brings a poor outcome. Thus, to diagnose and treat AMR correctly is a clear proposition. In this review, we would like to focus on the detection of intra-graft DSA as a recent trend. Overall, here we will review the current knowledge regarding MHC, especially with intra-graft DSA, and future perspectives: HLA epitope matching; eplet risk stratification; predicted indirectly recognizable HLA epitopes etc. in the context of organ transplantation.

scholarly journals The Role of Peptides in T Cell Alloreactivity Is Determined by Self–Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules

2000 ◽  
Vol 191 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Obst ◽  
Nikolai Netuschil ◽  
Karsten Klopfer ◽  
Stefan Stevanović ◽  
Hans-Georg Rammensee
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
Mhc Molecules ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Alloreactive T Cells

By analyzing T cell responses against foreign major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules loaded with peptide libraries and defined self- and viral peptides, we demonstrate a profound influence of self-MHC molecules on the repertoire of alloreactive T cells: the closer the foreign MHC molecule is related to the T cell's MHC, the higher is the proportion of peptide-specific, alloreactive (“allorestricted”) T cells versus T cells recognizing the foreign MHC molecule without regard to the peptide in the groove. Thus, the peptide repertoire of alloreactive T cells must be influenced by self-MHC molecules during positive or negative thymic selection or peripheral survival, much like the repertoire of the self-restricted T cells. In consequence, allorestricted, peptide-specific T cells (that are of interest for clinical applications) are easier to obtain if T cells and target cells express related MHC molecules.

scholarly journals Human Herpesvirus 7 U21 Tetramerizes To Associate with Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 3298-3308 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. May ◽  
Q. Wang ◽  
A. Balbo ◽  
S. L. Konrad ◽  
R. Buchli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Class I ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex

scholarly journals Immunosuppressive therapy abrogates unresponsiveness to renal allograft induced by thymic recognition of donor antigens.

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1618-1623
Author(s):  
N Perico ◽  
O Imberti ◽  
M Bontempelli ◽  
G Remuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Kidney Graft ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Lewis Rats ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Conventional Immunosuppression ◽  
Transplant Medicine ◽  
Intrathymic Injection

This laboratory and others have previously shown that the intrathymic injection of donor cells or major histocompatibility complex allopeptides induced indefinite survival of a subsequent graft without immunosuppression. This approach may open interesting new perspectives for transplant medicine. Studies to explore the feasibility of the technique in humans can only be designed with some form of concomitant immunosuppression to avoid the risk of irreversible rejection in the case that the thymus approach fails. Thus, one of the first issue to address is whether conventional immunosuppression interfered with the process of thymus tolerance. This study was designed to investigate the above issue. In transplanted Lewis control rats, cyclosporin A (CsA) (10 mg/kg per day) and methylprednisolone (MP) (10 mg/kg twice daily) for 3 days were invariably followed by kidney graft rejection within 10 days. In subsequent experiments, five groups of Lewis rats were injected with medium alone or Brown-Norway (BN) leukocytes into the thymus, and 24 h later, they were orthotopically transplanted with major histocompatibility complex-incompatible kidneys from BN rats. At the time of transplantation, Lewis rats received MP (10 mg/kg twice daily) CsA (10 mg/kg per day), or the combination of the two (MP+CsA at the same dose) for 3 days. Lewis rats injected intrathymically with BN leukocytes but not receiving immunosuppressants had indefinite survival of their kidney graft. The effect of the intrathymic injection of donor cells of inducing unresponsiveness to a subsequent kidney graft was abolished by concomitant immunosuppression. All animals given immunosuppressants rejected their graft within 12 days after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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