scholarly journals Design of a Wearable, Low-Cost, Through-Wall Doppler Radar System

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Agneessens ◽  
Patrick Van Torre ◽  
Frederick Declercq ◽  
Bart Spinnewyn ◽  
Gert-Jan Stockman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moving Objects ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Noise Figure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Axial Ratio ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Low Weight

A novel, low-cost, low-weight, wearable Doppler radar system composed of textile materials and capable of detecting moving objects behind a barrier is presented. The system operates at 2.35 GHz and is integrable into garments, making it well-suited for usage in difficult to access terrain, such as disaster areas or burning buildings. Wearability is maximized by relying on flexible, low-weight, and breathable materials to manufacture the key parts of the system. The low-complexity Doppler radar system makes use of an array of four textile-transmit antennas to scan the surroundings. The beam emitted by this array is right-hand circularly polarized along all scanning angles and provides a measured gain of 9.2 dBi. At the receiving end, textile materials are used to develop an active wearable receive antenna, with 15.7 dBi gain, 1.1 dB noise figure, left-hand circular polarization, and a 3 dB axial ratio beamwidth larger than 50°. Several measurement setups demonstrate that the onbody system is capable of detecting multiple moving subjects in indoor environments, including through-wall scenarios.

scholarly journals Educational Low-Cost C-Band FMCW Radar System Comprising Commercial Off-the-Shelf Components for Indoor Through-Wall Object Detection

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2758
Author(s):  
Hyunmin Jeong ◽  
Sangkil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Voltage Controlled Oscillator ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Fmcw Radar ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf

This paper presents an educational low-cost C-band frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system for use in indoor through-wall metal detection. Indoor remote-sensing applications, such as through-wall detection and positioning, are essential for the comprehensive realization of the internet of things or super-connected societies. The proposed system comprises a two-stage radio-frequency power amplifier, a voltage-controlled oscillator, circuits for frequency modulation and system synchronization, a mixer, a 3-dB power divider, a low-noise amplifier, and two cylindrical horn antennas (Tx/Rx antennas). The antenna yields gain values in the 6.8~7.8 range when operating in the 5.83~5.94 GHz frequency band. The backscattered Tx signal is sampled at 4.5 kHz using the Arduino UNO analog-to-digital converter. Thereafter, the sampled signal is transferred to the MATLAB platform and analyzed using a customized FMCW radar algorithm. The proposed system is built using commercial off-the-shelf components, and it can detect targets within a 56.3 m radius in indoor environments. In this study, the system could successfully detect targets through a 4 cm-thick ply board with a measurement accuracy of less than 10 cm.

scholarly journals Multi-sensor Doppler radar for machine tool collision detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Wächter ◽  
U. Siart ◽  
T. F. Eibert ◽  
S. Bonerz
Keyword(s):  
Moving Objects ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Frequency Estimation ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Doppler Frequency ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Abstract Machine ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Spatially Distributed

Abstract. Machine damage due to tool collisions is a widespread issue in milling production. These collisions are typically caused by human errors. A solution for this problem is proposed based on a low-complexity 24 GHz continuous wave (CW) radar system. The developed monitoring system is able to detect moving objects by evaluating the Doppler shift. It combines incoherent information from several spatially distributed Doppler sensors and estimates the distance between an object and the sensors. The specially designed compact prototype contains up to five radar sensor modules and amplifiers yet fits into the limited available space. In this first approach we concentrate on the Doppler-based positioning of a single moving target. The recorded signals are preprocessed in order to remove noise and interference from the machinery hall. We conducted and processed system measurements with this prototype. The Doppler frequency estimation and the object position obtained after signal conditioning and processing with the developed algorithm were in good agreement with the reference coordinates provided by the machine's control unit.

scholarly journals No Communication Nodes Synchronization for a Low Power Consumption MAC Protocol in WSN based on IR-UWB

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouar Darif ◽  
Rachid Saadane ◽  
Driss Aboutajdine
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Multipath Fading ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Synchronization Mechanism

Synchronization is an important issue in multi hops Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Such networks are known by their limited resources of energy, storage, computation, and bandwidth. In addition if the networks entities are deployed with high density, it makes the synchronization mandatory for these networks. Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band (IR-UWB) technology is a promising solution for this kind of networks due to its various advantages such as its robustness to severe multipath fading even in indoor environments, its low cost, low complexity, and low power consumption. To exploit the specific features of this technology, we need a convenient MAC protocol. WideMac was presented as a new low power consumption MAC protocol designed for WSN using IR-UWB transceivers. Because of the luck of synchronization in this protocol, this paper presents a solution for the synchronization problem especially in the case of no communication between the Network’s nodes. To implement and evaluate the proposed synchronization mechanism, we used MiXiM platform under OMNet++ Simulator.

A low-cost Doppler radar system with 24 GHz PLL for remote detection of heart beat

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 3139-3142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Minghui Yang ◽  
Shuqi Zheng ◽  
Xiaowei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Remote Detection ◽  
24 Ghz

scholarly journals Design of a Printed Dipole Antenna Array for a Passive Radar System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Knott
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Passive Radar ◽  
Preliminary Measurement ◽  
Area Of Interest

Passive radar (or Passive Coherent Localisation) is an advancing technology for covert operation. The signal transmitted from sources of opportunity such as radio or TV stations is used as illumination for a certain area of interest. Part of the transmitted signal is reflected by radar targets, for example, moving objects such as vehicles or aircraft. Typical radar parameters are derived from the comparison between the direct line-of-sight from the transmitter and the signal scattered from the target object. Such systems are an attractive addition to existing active radar stations because they have the potential to discover low-flying and low-observable targets and no active radar transmitter is required. Printed dipole antennas are very attractive antenna elements for such systems because of their easy fabrication, low-cost, polarisation purity, and low-profile properties. The present paper describes the design of an antenna array using printed dipole elements with flared arms for a passive radar system operating in the GSM900 frequency range. Isolated antenna elements and a small uniform linear antenna array were designed and optimised using computational electromagnetic methods. Several prototypes have been fabricated on conventional microwave PCB substrate material. Preliminary measurement results for antenna matching and far-field radiation patterns are shown.

scholarly journals Improved Micro Rain Radar snow measurements using Doppler spectra post-processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 4771-4808 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maahn ◽  
P. Kollias
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spectral Width ◽  
Noise Removal ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Doppler Velocity ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Rain Radar

Abstract. The Micro Rain Radar (MRR) is a compact Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) system that operates at 24 GHz. The MRR is a low-cost, portable radar system that requires minimum supervision in the field. As such, the MRR is a frequently used radar system for conducting precipitation research. Current MRR drawbacks are the lack of a sophisticated post-processing algorithm to improve its sensitivity (currently at +3 dBz), spurious artefacts concerning radar receiver noise and the lack of high quality Doppler radar moments. Here we propose an improved processing method which is especially suited for snow observations and provides reliable values of effective reflectivity, Doppler velocity and spectral width. The proposed method is freely available on the web and features a noise removal based on recognition of the most significant peak. A dynamic dealiasing routine allows observations even if the Nyquist velocity range is exceeded. Collocated observations at 115 days of a MRR and a pulsed 35.2 GHz MIRA35 cloud radar show a very high agreement for the proposed method for snow, if reflectivities are larger than −5 dBz. The overall sensitivity is increased to −14 and −8 dBz, depending on range. The proposed method exploits the full potential of MRR's hardware and substantially enhances the use of Micro Rain Radar for studies of solid precipitation.

scholarly journals Improved Micro Rain Radar snow measurements using Doppler spectra post-processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 2661-2673 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maahn ◽  
P. Kollias
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spectral Width ◽  
Noise Removal ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Doppler Velocity ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Rain Radar

Abstract. The Micro Rain Radar 2 (MRR) is a compact Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) system that operates at 24 GHz. The MRR is a low-cost, portable radar system that requires minimum supervision in the field. As such, the MRR is a frequently used radar system for conducting precipitation research. Current MRR drawbacks are the lack of a sophisticated post-processing algorithm to improve its sensitivity (currently at +3 dBz), spurious artefacts concerning radar receiver noise and the lack of high quality Doppler radar moments. Here we propose an improved processing method which is especially suited for snow observations and provides reliable values of effective reflectivity, Doppler velocity and spectral width. The proposed method is freely available on the web and features a noise removal based on recognition of the most significant peak. A dynamic dealiasing routine allows observations even if the Nyquist velocity range is exceeded. Collocated observations over 115 days of a MRR and a pulsed 35.2 GHz MIRA35 cloud radar show a very high agreement for the proposed method for snow, if reflectivities are larger than −5 dBz. The overall sensitivity is increased to −14 and −8 dBz, depending on range. The proposed method exploits the full potential of MRR's hardware and substantially enhances the use of Micro Rain Radar for studies of solid precipitation.

A Reliable Multi-Sensor Navigation System for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Realized through Integration of SINS with GPS, CNS and Doppler Radar

2013 ◽  
Vol 392 ◽  
pp. 312-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ushaq ◽  
Fang Jian Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Inertial Navigation ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Integrated Navigation ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Local Filters

Contemporary importance of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) both for military and civilian applications has prompted vigorous research related with guidance, navigation and control of these vehicles. The potential civilian uses for small low-cost UAVs are various like reconnaissance, surveillance, rescue and search, remote sensing, traffic monitoring, destruction appraisal of natural disasters, etc. One of the most crucial parts of UAVs missions is accurate navigation of the vehicle, i.e. the real time determination of its position, velocity and attitude. Generally highly accurate Strap down Inertial Navigation Systems (SINS) are too heavy to be flown on UAVs. Moreover highly accurate SINS are also highly expensive. Therefore the low-cost and low weight MEMS based SINS with a compromised precision are the viable option for navigation of UAVs. The errors in position, velocity, and attitude solutions provided by the MEMS based SINS grow unboundedly with the passage of time. To contain these growing errors, integrated navigation is the resolution. Complementary characteristics SINS and external non-inertial navigation aids like Global Positioning System (GPS), Celestial Navigation System (CNS) and Doppler radar make the integrated navigation system an appealing and cost effective solution. The non-inertial sensors providing navigation fixes must have low weight and volume to be suitable for UAV application. In this research work GPS, CNS and Doppler radar are used as external navigation aids for SINS. The navigation solutions of all contributing systems are fused using Federated Kalman Filter (FKF). Three local filters are employed for SINS/GPS, SINS/CNS and SINS/Doppler integration and subsequently information from all three local filters is fused to acquire a global solution. Moreover adaptive and fault tolerant filtering scheme has also been implemented in each local filter to isolate or accommodate any undesirable error or noise. Simulation for the presented architecture has validated the effectiveness of the scheme, by showing a substantial precision improvement in the solutions of position, velocity and attitude.

scholarly journals ENHANCEMENT OF REAL-TIME SCAN MATCHING FOR UAV INDOOR NAVIGATION USING VEHICLE MODEL

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-1 ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zahran ◽  
A. Moussa ◽  
A. Sesay ◽  
N. El-Sheimy
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Scan Matching

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have drawn great attention from different organizations, because of the various applications that save time, cost, effort, and human lives. The navigation of autonomous UAV mainly depends on the fusion between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Inertial Measurement System (IMU). Navigation in indoor environments is a challenging task, because of the GNSS signal unavailability, especially when the utilized IMU is low-cost. Light Detection and Ranging Radar (LIDAR) is one of the mainly utilized sensors in the indoor environment for localization through scan matching of successive scans. The process of calculating the rotation and translation from successive scans can employ different approaches, such as Iterative Closest Point (ICP) with its variants, and Hector SLAM. ICP and Hector SLAM iterative fashion can greatly increase the matching time, and the convergence is not guaranteed in case of harsh maneuvers, moving objects, and short-range LIDAR as it may get stuck in local minima. This paper proposes enhanced real-time ICP and Hector SLAM algorithms based on vehicle model (VM) during sharp maneuvers. The vehicle model serves as initialization step (coarse alignment) then the ICP/Hector serve as fine alignment step. Test cases of quadcopter flight with harsh maneuvers were carried out with LIDAR to evaluate the proposed approach to enhance the ICP/Hector convergence time and accuracy. The proposed algorithm is convenient for UAVs where there are limitations regarding the size, weight, and power limitations, as it is a stand-alone algorithm that does not require any additional sensors.</p>

Concept and realization of a low-cost multi-target simulator for CW and FMCW radar system calibration and testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Scheiblhofer ◽  
Reinhard Feger ◽  
Andreas Haderer ◽  
Andreas Stelzer
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Intermediate Frequency ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Fmcw Radar ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Wave Radar

AbstractWe present the realization of an frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar target simulator, based on a modulated-reflector radar system. The simulator, designed for the 24 GHz frequency band, uses low-cost modulated-reflector nodes and is capable to simultaneously generate multiple targets in a real-time environment. The realization is based on a modular approach and thus provides a high scalability of the whole system. It is demonstrated that the concept is able to simulate multiple artificial targets, located at user-selectable ranges and even velocities, utilized within a completely static setup. The characterization of the developed hardware shows that the proposed concept allows to dynamically and precisely adjust the radar cross-section of each single target within a dynamic range of 50 dB. Additionally, the provided range-proportional target frequency bandwidth makes the system perfectly suitable for fast and reliable intermediate frequency-chain calibration of multi-channel radar systems. Within this paper we demonstrate the application of the concept for a linear sweeped frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar. The presented approach is applicable to any microwave-based measurement system using frequency differences between transmit- and receive signals for range- and velocity evaluation, such as (non-)linear sweeped as well as pure Doppler radar systems.

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