scholarly journals Compost and Wildflowers for the Management of Urban Derelict Soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Pini ◽  
Francesca Bretzel ◽  
Enzo Sparvoli ◽  
Beatrice Pezzarossa ◽  
Manuele Scatena
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this study was to verify whether the use of source-separated municipal waste compost could improve the physical quality of urban soils and create better conditions for their management when planted with herbaceous species. A sandy soil in traffic islands was tilled to a depth of 10 cm, and half of the surface was treated with compost (3 kg/m2). A mixture of 25 herbaceous annuals was then sown in the entire area. Organic carbon content and physical characteristics were determined at different times in the soil treated and not treated with compost. The vegetation was monitored in terms of its growth and flowering. The compost-treated soil showed an increase in organic carbon content. Total porosity increased with time in the compost-treated soil, due to a higher volume of transmission pores, which play a role in water movement. Soil aggregate stability also improved in the compost-treated soil. The duration of flowering of the individual species and the overall quantity of flowers were greater in the compost-treated soil.

scholarly journals Impact of Effective Microorganisms (EM) Application on the Physical Condition of Haplic Luvisol

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Pranagal ◽  
Sławomir Ligęza ◽  
Halina Smal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Water Stable Aggregate ◽  
Stable Aggregate

The study set out to determine changes in the soil air-water properties, the water-stable aggregate share and organic carbon content as effects of a five-year application of effective microorganisms (EM-A). The hypothesis that long-term applied EM-A biopreparations have a positive effect on the soil physical condition has not been confirmed. Haplic Luvisols originating from silt were studied in a field experiment after EM-A biopreparation treatment. The soil samples with the natural structure preserved intact were collected three times each year. The properties of the soil determined in the study were: particle density, total organic carbon content, bulk density, total porosity, air capacity, air permeability, soil moisture at sampling, field water capacity, available water content, unavailable water content, and water-stable aggregate content. The ratio of field water capacity and total porosity (FC/TP) was calculated. It was found that EM-A application primarily leads to a decrease in the content of organic carbon and water-stable aggregates. This was an adverse effect. Total organic carbon (TOC) and water-stable aggregates proved to be very sensitive indicators for assessing the soil physical condition. However, changes in soil compaction and air–water properties did not show significant deterioration. Our research addresses the data gaps about EM application to soil.

Impact of Soil Management on Organic Carbon Content and Aggregate Stability

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1673-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Li ◽  
Xiaozeng Han ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Yunfa Qiao ◽  
Baoshan Xing
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

Composted municipal waste effect on chosen properties of calcareous soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hamidpour ◽  
M. Afyuni ◽  
E. Khadivi ◽  
A. Zorpas ◽  
V. Inglezakis
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Compost Application

Abstract A 3-year field study was conducted to assess effects of composted municipal waste on some properties, distribution of Zn, Cu in a calcareous soil and uptake of these metals by wheat. The treatments were 0, 25, 50 and 100 Mg ha-1 of municipal solidwastewhichwas applied in three consecutive years. The application of composted municipal waste increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity, the aggregate stability,the organic carbon content and electrical conductivity, whereas it slightly decreased the soil pH and bulk density. A significant increase in the concentration of Zn and Cu were observed with increasing number and rate of compost application. The distribution of Zn and Cu between the different fractions in untreated and treated soils showed that the majority of Zn and Cu were in the residual form. Finally, the levels of Zn and Cu were higher in grains of wheat grown in composttreated plots compared to that grown in the control plots.

Sorption of the Pesticide Aldicarb by Soil: Its Mobility Through a Saturated Medium in the Presence of Dissolved Organic Matter

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lafrance ◽  
L. Ait-ssi ◽  
O. Banton ◽  
P.G.C. Campbell ◽  
J.P. Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Dissolved Humic Substances

Abstract Adsorption characteristics of the radiolabeled pesticide aldicarb (2-methyl-2-(methyl-14C-thio)-propionaldehyde-O-methycarbamoyO-oxime) on loamy sand and its mobility through a water-saturated soil column were studied. This study emphasizes the effect of soil organic carbon content and of dissolved humic materials on the sorption characteristics of aldicarb. Dissolved humic substances at 25 mg/L present a very small binding affinity for aldicarb (“association constant” ≈ 20 [nmol/g carbon]/[nmol/g water]) and do not significantly affect the sorption rate for this pesticide. Freundlich isotherms were determined for aldicarb sorption on the original soil (% o.c. = 2.2) and on soil samples treated to reduce the initial soil organic carbon content (% o.c. = 0.8). If linear isotherms are assumed, the adsorption coefficient KD is nearly three-fold higher for the original soil than for the treated soil samples. The ratios of the KD values obtained for adsorption in the presence and in the absence of dissolved humic substances (25 mg/L) were 1.3 and 1.4, respectively, for the original and for the treated soil samples: this indicates that humic substances could modify only slightly aldicarb transport in soil. Effluent concentration profiles for the movement of the radiolabeled pesticide through a 30-cm long saturated soil column indicate a retardation factor R = 1.4. This R value is related to hydrolysis product of aldicarb, since no detectable parent compound was found in the column effluent. Results showed 45% loss of the initial radioactivity applied on the soil column: this could be attributed to irreversible adsorption and to biodegradation of the pesticide compounds.

Physical properties and organic carbon content of a Typic Hapludult soil fertilised with pig slurry and pig litter in a no-tillage system

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jucinei José Comin ◽  
Arcângelo Loss ◽  
Milton da Veiga ◽  
Renato Guardini ◽  
Djalma Eugênio Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Applications of swine residues to the soil surface in a no-tillage system (NTS) may increase the organic carbon level and improve the physical properties of the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the continuous application of pig slurry (PS) and pig litter (PL) on the total organic carbon (TOC) content and physical properties of soil under NTS in Southern Brazil. In March 2010, after 8 years of cultivation of black oats (Avena strigosa)–maize (Zea mays), soil samples were collected in the 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, and 15–20 cm layers. The treatments consisted of a control plot (without manure application), plots with PS applications equivalent to one and two times the recommended rate of nitrogen (N) for maize and black oats (PS1X and PS2X, respectively), and plots with PL equivalent to one and two times the recommended rate of N for maize and black oats (PL1X and PL2X, respectively). The TOC, soil bulk density (BD), penetration resistance (PR), total porosity (TP), macro- and microporosity, distribution of pore diameters, and indices of aggregation and aggregate stability were evaluated. Differences were found between treatments for TOC, BD, macro- and microporosity, pore diameter, aggregation, and PR. Treatment with PL favoured the production of aggregates (diameter >4 mm) and increased the rates of aggregation and aggregate stability in the 10–15 and 15–20 cm layers and macroporosity in the 0–5 and 15–20 cm layers. Application of PL2X reduced PR by 34% and 20%, respectively, in the 5–10 and 10–15 cm layers. Eight years of adding PS to successive cultivations of black oats–maize soil managed under NTS produced no changes in the physical features or the TOC of the soil, whereas the application of PL produced improvements in physical attributes of the soil and increased soil TOC.

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