scholarly journals Reheated Palm Oil Consumption and Risk of Atherosclerosis: Evidence at Ultrastructural Level

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Kai Xian ◽  
Noor Azzizah Omar ◽  
Low Wen Ying ◽  
Aniza Hamzah ◽  
Santhana Raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Internal Elastic Lamina ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Feeding Groups ◽  
Heated Oil ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Background. Palm oil is commonly consumed in Asia. Repeatedly heating the oil is very common during food processing.Aim. This study is aimed to report on the risk of atherosclerosis due to the reheated oil consumption.Material and Methods. Twenty four male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, fresh-oil, 5 times heated-oil and 10 times heated-oil feeding groups. Heated palm oil was prepared by frying sweet potato at 180°C for 10 minutes. The ground standard rat chows were fortified with the heated oils and fed it to the rats for six months.Results. Tunica intima thickness in aorta was significantly increased in 10 times heated-oil feeding group (P<0.05), revealing a huge atherosclerotic plaque with central necrosis projecting into the vessel lumen. Repeatedly heated oil feeding groups also revealed atherosclerotic changes including mononuclear cells infiltration, thickened subendothelial layer, disrupted internal elastic lamina and smooth muscle cells fragmentation in tunica media of the aorta.Conclusion. The usage of repeated heated oil is the predisposing factor of atherosclerosis leading to cardiovascular diseases. It is advisable to avoid the consumption of repeatedly heated palm oil.

scholarly journals Gynura procumbens Standardised Extract Reduces Cholesterol Levels and Modulates Oxidative Status in Postmenopausal Rats Fed with Cholesterol Diet Enriched with Repeatedly Heated Palm Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuzaidatul Azidah Ahmad Nazri ◽  
Norsyahida Mohd Fauzi ◽  
Fhataheya Buang ◽  
Qodriyah Haji Mohd Saad ◽  
Khairana Husain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. (GP) has been reported in previous studies to possess antihyperlipidaemic, antioxidative, and cardioprotective properties. This study was aimed to determine the effect of standardised 80% ethanol extract of GP on lipid profiles and oxidative status of hypercholesterolemic rats. Postmenopausal (PM) Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomised and fed with 2% cholesterol diet fortified with five times heated palm oil to develop hyperlipidaemia status. Two doses of the extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) and atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) were administered once daily via oral gavage for 24 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was increased during the first month in the postmenopausal group and decreased with GP supplementation. Lipid droplets accumulation was shown at the tunica media (TM) area of the aorta in the postmenopausal group and reduced with GP supplementation. Total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased (p<0.05) at 3 and 6 months in the postmenopausal group and were reduced with GP supplementation. GP also increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in the postmenopausal group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were reduced in the postmenopausal group compared to control in the sham group but increased (p<0.05) with GP supplementation. The results showed that the higher dose of GP (500 mg/kg) gave better effect. GP has the ability to reduce oxidative stress and prevent membrane cell damage through antioxidant enzyme activity modification and lipid profile changes in postmenopausal rats related to atherosclerosis.

Effects of citrus leaf extract on aortic vascular reactivity in hypertensive rats fed repeatedly heated vegetable oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
Hawa Nordin Siti ◽  
Yusof Kamisah ◽  
Suhaila Mohamed ◽  
Kamsiah Jaarin
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Citrus Leaf ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Plasma Nitrite

The prolonged intake of diet containing repeatedly heated vegetable oil can cause hypertension in the long run. In this study, the effects of citrus leaf extract (CLE) supplementation on vascular reactivity, plasma nitrite, and aortic structure in hypertensive rats that consumed were investigated by the consumption of repeatedly heated vegetable oil. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 56) were divided into 7 groups corresponding to the respective diets. For 16 weeks, 1 group was given standard rat chow (control) while other groups were given diets containing 15% w/w of palm oil, fresh palm oil (FPO), palm oil heated 5 times (5HPO), and palm oil heated 10 times (10HPO), with or without the incorporation of 0.15% w/w CLE (FPO+CLE, 5HPO+CLE, or 10HPO+CLE). Plasma nitrite levels were measured before and at 16 weeks of treatment. After 16 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and aortae were harvested for measuring vascular reactivity and for microscopic study. CLE supplementation had significantly reduced the loss of plasma nitrite and attenuated the vasoconstriction response to phenylephrine in the 5HPO group but not in the 10HPO group. However, CLE had no significant effect on the vasorelaxation response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. The elastic lamellae of tunica media in 5HPO, 10HPO, and 10HPO+CLE groups appeared disorganised and disrupted. Obtained findings suggested that CLE was able to enhance nitric oxide bioavailability that might dampen the vasoconstriction effect of phenylephrine.

scholarly journals Marginal zinc deficiency in rats decreases leptin expression independently of food intake and corticotrophin-releasing hormone in relation to food intake

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Sook Kwun ◽  
Young-Eun Cho ◽  
Ria-Ann R. Lomeda ◽  
Soon-Tae Kwon ◽  
Yangha Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Marginal Zinc Deficiency

Zn deficiency reduces food intake and growth rate in rodents. To determine the relationship between Zn deficiency and the regulation of food intake, we evaluated leptin gene expression in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (hCRH) and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (hNPY) of rats Zn-deficient only to show reduced food intake and growth rate but not food intake cycling. Growing male Sprague-Dawley rats (240 g) were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups: Zn-adequate (ZA; 30 mg/kg diet), Zn-deficient (ZD; 3 mg/kg diet), pair-fed with ZD (PF; 30 mg/kg diet) and Zn-sufficient (ZS; 50 mg/kg diet) (n 8), and were fed for 3 weeks. Food intake and body weight were measured, as were blood mononuclear cells and pancreas Zn levels. eWAT leptin, hCRH and hNPY mRNA levels were determined. Food intake was decreased by about 10 % in ZD and PF rats compared to ZA and ZS rats. Growth and eWAT leptin mRNA levels were unaffected in PF rats but were significantly (P < 0·05) decreased in ZD rats. However, hNPY showed a tendency to increase, and hCRH significantly (P < 0·05) decreased, in both ZD and PF rats. These results suggest that while leptin gene expression may be directly affected by Zn, hNPY and hCRH are likely responding to reduced food intake caused by Zn deficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of palm oil on oxidative stress-induced hypertension in sprague-dawley rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 725-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ganafa ◽  
R. R. Socci ◽  
D. Eatman ◽  
N. Silvestrov ◽  
I. K. Abukhalaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Induced Hypertension

scholarly journals Involvement of Inflammation and Adverse Vascular Remodelling in the Blood Pressure Raising Effect of Repeatedly Heated Palm Oil in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Yi Ng ◽  
Yusof Kamisah ◽  
Othman Faizah ◽  
Zakiah Jubri ◽  
Hj Mohd Saad Qodriyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Vascular Cell Adhesion ◽  
Blood Pressure Elevation ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analyses

Oil thermoxidation during deep frying generates harmful oxidative free radicals that induce inflammation and increase the risk of hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the effect of repeatedly heated palm oil on blood pressure, aortic morphometry, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control, fresh palm oil (FPO), one-time-heated palm oil (1HPO), five-time-heated palm oil (5HPO), or ten-time-heated palm oil (10HPO). Feeding duration was six months. Blood pressure was measured at baseline and monthly using tail-cuff method. After six months, the rats were sacrificed and the aortic arches were dissected for morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. FPO group showed significantly lower blood pressure than all other groups. Blood pressure was increased significantly in 5HPO and 10HPO groups. The aortae of 5HPO and 10HPO groups showed significantly increased thickness and area of intima-media, circumferential wall tension, and VCAM-1 than other groups. Elastic lamellae were disorganised and fragmented in 5HPO- and 10HPO-treated rats. VCAM-1 expression showed a significant positive correlation with blood pressure. In conclusion, prolonged consumption of repeatedly heated palm oil causes blood pressure elevation, adverse remodelling, and increased VCAM-1, which suggests a possible involvement of inflammation.

Ultrastructural analysis redefines light microscopic findings relative to morphological relationships among cells of the cerebral vasculature in the rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 954-955
Author(s):  
Ruth V. W. Dimlich
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Acetate Lead ◽  
Relationship Of

A previous light microscopic study determined that ~70% of all connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) in the thalamus of the rat were adjacent to periodic acid-Schiff staining cells which also were ED2 positive therefore identified as a type of macrophage. Using transmission electron microscopy, the goal of the present study was to examine that association at the ultrastructural level and to determine the relationship of each of these cells to other components of the cerebrovasculature.Brains of anesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fixed by intracardiac perfusion with paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde [2%:2.5% (phosphate buffer 0.1 M, pH 7.40 or 2%:2.5% for 5 min followed by 1%: 1.25% (phosphate buffer 80 mM, pH 7.4) for the remainder of the fixation]. Brains were sliced into ~1 mm sections and samples of thalamus were postfixed in OSO4 (1%, 0.1 M phosphate buffer), dehydrated, and flat embedded in LX112. Semi-thin (1 μm) and thin (60-90 nm) sections were cut and stained with toluidine blue and uranyl acetate/lead citrate respectively. Grids were viewed on a JOEL 100CXII electron microscope at 80kV.

scholarly journals Toxicological evaluation of chronic oral administration of Melissa officinalis hydro-ethanol extract in Sprague-Dawley rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashemnia ◽  
Farid Rezaei ◽  
Zahra Nikousefat ◽  
Maral Bahiraei
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Term Administration

Melissa officinalis is a plant that has been widely used as an herbal medicine in many countries. Unfortunately, despite the prevalent medicinal uses of the plant, there are no reports on the possible toxic effects of M. officinalis. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of long-term administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of M. officinalis on some biochemical and hematological parameters and histopathology of organs. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to three equal groups. The animals in groups A and B received 600 and 1200 mg/kg M. officinalis extract, respectively, for 30 days. The rats in group C were given gavaged saline as control. The animals were euthanized at the end of experiment and the blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematology analysis. Additionally, appropriate tissue samples were collected from kidney, liver, spleen, heart and lung for light microscopic examination. M. officinalis caused a significant increase in the alanine aminotransferase level in the treated rats. Although the increase in creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were observed in group A and B, respectively, but there were no significant differences. A significant decrease was observed in the total protein and albumin concentrations in serum of treated rats as compared to the control group. The creatinine concentrations were significantly higher in the group B when compared to the other groups. There were no significant differences in cholesterol, triglyceride and urea concentrations between all groups of rats. The main histopathologic findings in the liver were included hepatocyte degeneration, congestion and dilation of sinusoids, proliferation of bile ducts and infiltration of mononuclear cells around the portal area. Histopathologic examination of the kidneys showed a tubular degeneration and necrosis, tubular and glomerular atrophy and congestion. These lesions were more prominent in the high dose treated rats. The findings suggest that long-term administration of M. officinalis extract even at low doses induces hepatic and renal lesions in rats.

scholarly journals Red Palm Oil Attenuates Lead Acetate Induced Testicular Damage in Adult Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Jegede ◽  
U. Offor ◽  
O. O. Azu ◽  
O. Akinloye
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Red Palm Oil ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

To study the protective effect of Red Palm Oil (RPO) on testicular damage induced by administration of lead acetate on male Sprague-Dawley rats, 28 rats divided into four groups of 7 animals each were used. They were administered orally with RPO (1 mL and 2 mL) and lead acetate (i.p.) 6 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively. Treatment was conducted for 8 weeks, and 24 hrs after the last treatment the rats were sacrificed using cervical dislocation. Sperms collected from epididymis were used for seminal fluid analyses; while the testes sample was used for ROS and oxidative enzyme activities assessment. Statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism 5.02 statistical analysis package. Administration of lead acetate increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly (p<0.05) as evidenced by the elevated value of H2O2and LPO and decreased GSH level. Also there was reduced epididymal sperm count, poor grade of sperm motility, and lower percentage of normal sperm morphology significantly. Coadministration with RPO, however, has a protective effect against lead toxicity by decreasing H2O2production, increased GSH level, and increased sperm qualities especially. This shows that RPO has a potential to attenuate the toxic effect of lead on testicular cells preventing possible resultant male infertility.

Ultrastructural Investigation of Spontaneous Pituitary Adenomas in Aging Sprague-Dawley Rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Prolactin Cells ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Investigation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Long Evans

Investigation of the spontaneous pituitary adenomas in rat have been limited mainly to light microscopic study. Furth et al. (1973) described them as chromophobic, secreting prolactin. Kovacs et al. (1977) in an ul trastructural investigation of adenomas of old female Long-Evans rats, found that they were composed of prolactin cells. Berkvens et al. (1980) using immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level, demonstrated that some spontaneous tumors of old Wistar rats could contain GH, TSH or ACTH as well as PRL.

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