scholarly journals GPR-Based Landmine Detection and Identification Using Multiple Features

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Hee Ko ◽  
Gyubin Jang ◽  
Kyungmi Park ◽  
Kangwook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Coefficients ◽  
Ground Effect ◽  
Landmine Detection ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Different Levels

This paper presents a method to identify landmines in various burial conditions. A ground penetration radar is used to generate data set, which is then processed to reduce the ground effect and noise to obtain landmine signals. Principal components and Fourier coefficients of the landmine signals are computed, which are used as features of each landmine for detection and identification. A database is constructed based on the features of various types of landmines and the ground conditions, including the different levels of moisture and types of ground and the burial depths of the landmines. Detection and identification is performed by searching for features in the database. For a robust decision, the counting method and the Mahalanobis distance-based likelihood ratio test method are employed. Four landmines, different in size and material, are considered as examples that demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method for detecting and identifying landmines.

Towards a Validation of Multiple Features in the Assessment of Emotions

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Skiffington ◽  
Ephrem Fernandez ◽  
Ken McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
The Self ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Action Tendency ◽  
Intensity Range

This study extends previous attempts to assess emotion with single adjective descriptors, by examining semantic as well as cognitive, motivational, and intensity features of emotions. The focus was on seven negative emotions common to several emotion typologies: anger, fear, sadness, shame, pity, jealousy, and contempt. For each of these emotions, seven items were generated corresponding to cognitive appraisal about the self, cognitive appraisal about the environment, action tendency, action fantasy, synonym, antonym, and intensity range of the emotion, respectively. A pilot study established that 48 of the 49 items were linked predominantly to the specific emotions as predicted. The main data set comprising 700 subjects' ratings of relatedness between items and emotions was subjected to a series of factor analyses, which revealed that 44 of the 49 items loaded on the emotion constructs as predicted. A final factor analysis of these items uncovered seven factors accounting for 39% of the variance. These emergent factors corresponded to the hypothesized emotion constructs, with the exception of anger and fear, which were somewhat confounded. These findings lay the groundwork for the construction of an instrument to assess emotions multicomponentially.

scholarly journals Investigation of seabed fishing impacts on benthic structure using multi-beam sonar, sidescan sonar, and video

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1053-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashkoor A. Malik ◽  
Larry A. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Sidescan Sonar ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Frequency Filtering ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Spatial Frequency Filtering ◽  
Disparate Data ◽  
Fishing Impacts

Abstract Malik, M. A., and Mayer, L. A. 2007. Investigation of seabed fishing impacts on benthic structure using multi-beam sonar, sidescan sonar, and video. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1053–1065. Long, linear furrows of lengths up to several kilometres were observed during a recent high-resolution, multi-beam bathymetry survey of Jeffreys Ledge, a prominent fishing ground in the Gulf of Maine located about 50 km from Portsmouth, NH, USA. These features, which have a relief of only a few centimetres, are presumed to be caused either directly by dredging gear used in the area for scallop and clam fisheries, or indirectly through the dragging of boulders by bottom gear. Extraction of these features with very small vertical expression from a noisy data set, including several instrumental artefacts, presented a number of challenges. To enhance the detection and identification of the features, data artefacts were identified and removed selectively using spatial frequency filtering. Verification of the presence of the features was carried out with repeated multi-beam bathymetry surveys and sidescan sonar surveys. Seabed marks that were clearly detected on multi-beam and sidescan sonar records were not discernible on a subsequent video survey. The inability to see the seabed marks with video may be related to their age. The fact that with time, the textural contrasts discernible by video imagery are lost has important ramifications for the appropriateness of methodologies for quantifying gear impact. The results imply that detailed investigations of seabed impact are best done with a suite of survey tools (multi-beam bathymetry, sidescan sonar, and video) and software to integrate the disparate data sets geographically.

Testing for Trends in Dose-Response Microarray Experiments: A Comparison of Several Testing Procedures, Multiplicity and Resampling-Based Inference

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Lin ◽  
Ziv Shkedy ◽  
Dani Yekutieli ◽  
Tomasz Burzykowski ◽  
Hinrich W.H. Göhlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Familywise Error Rate ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Monotonic Trend ◽  
Testing Procedures

Dose-response studies are commonly used in experiments in pharmaceutical research in order to investigate the dependence of the response on dose, i.e., a trend of the response level toxicity with respect to dose. In this paper we focus on dose-response experiments within a microarray setting in which several microarrays are available for a sequence of increasing dose levels. A gene is called differentially expressed if there is a monotonic trend (with respect to dose) in the gene expression. We review several testing procedures which can be used in order to test equality among the gene expression means against ordered alternatives with respect to dose, namely Williams' (Williams 1971 and 1972), Marcus' (Marcus 1976), global likelihood ratio test (Bartholomew 1961, Barlow et al. 1972, and Robertson et al. 1988), and M (Hu et al. 2005) statistics. Additionally we introduce a modification to the standard error of the M statistic. We compare the performance of these five test statistics. Moreover, we discuss the issue of one-sided versus two-sided testing procedures. False Discovery Rate (Benjamni and Hochberg 1995, Ge et al. 2003), and resampling-based Familywise Error Rate (Westfall and Young 1993) are used to handle the multiple testing issue. The methods above are applied to a data set with 4 doses (3 arrays per dose) and 16,998 genes. Results on the number of significant genes from each statistic are discussed. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the power of each statistic. A R library IsoGene implementing the methods is available from the first author.

A Single Specimen CTOA Test Method for Evaluating the Crack Tip Opening Angle in Gas Pipeline Steels

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayyed H. Hashemi ◽  
Ian C. Howard ◽  
John R. Yates ◽  
Robert M. Andrews ◽  
Alan M. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Pipeline Steels

Failure information from recent full-scale burst experiments on modern TMCP gas pipeline steels having a yield strength level of 690MPa and higher has shown that the CTOA fracture criterion can be effectively used to predict the arrest/propagation behaviour of the pipe against possible axial ductile fractures. The use of CTOA as an alternative or an addition to the Charpy V-notch and DWTT fracture energy in pipelines is currently under review. A significant difficulty currently limiting the more extensive use of CTOA in pipeline assessment is its practical evaluation either in the real structure or in a laboratory scale test. Different combinations of experimental and finite element analyses have been proposed for the measurement of the CTOA of a material. Although most of these models are able to predict the CTOA effectively, their implementation requires extensive calibration processes using the test load-deflection data. The authors have recently developed a novel test technique for direct measurement of the steady state CTOA using a modified double cantilever beam geometry. The technique uses optical imaging to register the uniform deformation of a fine square grid scored on the sides of the specimen. The slope of the deformed gridlines near the crack tip is measured during crack growth from captured images. Its value is a representative of the material CTOA. This paper presents recent results from the implementation of the technique to determine the steady state CTOA (steady state in this work refers to regions of ductile crack growth where CTOA values are constant and independent of crack length) of API X80 and X100 grade gas pipeline steels. In each case the approach was able to produce large amounts of highly consistent CTOA data from both sides of the test sample even from a single specimen. This extensive data set allowed an evaluation of the variance of the stable CTOA as the crack grew through the microstructure. The test method generated a steady CTOA value of 11.1° for X80 and 8.5° for X100 steels tested, respectively.

scholarly journals Procedural Revision to the AOAC Germicidal Spray Products as Disinfectants Test Method: Establishment of Minimum and Maximum Log Density Values for Test Microbes on Inoculated Carriers

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M Pines ◽  
Stephen F Tomasino ◽  
Michele P Cottrill ◽  
Gordon C Hamilton ◽  
Albert E Parker
Keyword(s):  
Count Data ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Label Claim ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Microbe

Abstract The AOAC Germicidal Spray Products as Disinfectants test method (AOAC Official Method 961.02) is used to measure the efficacy of spray products on hard inanimate surfaces; however, the method does not provide procedures to determine the population of the test microbe on inoculated glass slide carriers (e.g., carrier counts reported as CFU/carrier). Without a method to measure and monitor carrier counts, the associated efficacy data may not be reliable and repeatable. This report provides a standardized procedure to address this issue and, based on carrier count data collected by four laboratories from 2000 to 2010, proposes a specific range for the mean log density per carrier as a requirement. Laboratory-based carrier count data were collected concurrently with 116 Method 961.02 efficacy tests conducted on spray products bearing claims against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. For many of the tests a soil load (SL) was added to the inoculum (as specified on the product label claim). Six carriers were assayed per test for a total of 696 carriers. All but two of the 116 mean log densities were at least 5.0 (a geometric mean of 1.0 × 105 CFU/carrier). Across the four combinations of microbes and SL treatments, the mean TestLD (mean log density across all enumerated carriers in a test) ranged from approximately 6.0 (a geometric mean of 0.9 × 106 CFU/carrier) to 6.3 (a geometric mean of 2.0 × 106 CFU/carrier). Across all microbes and SL treatments, the mean log density (±SEM) was 6.2 (±0.07) per carrier (a geometric mean of 1.5 × 106 CFU/carrier). The mean log density for six carriers per test showed good repeatability (0.32) and reproducibility (0.34). The proposed requirement for S. aureus tests and P. aeruginosa tests is a mean log density (across six carriers) between 5.0 and 6.5. A separate 2009 study at three laboratories was conducted to evaluate the persistence of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Salmonella enterica on glass carriers. Based on the persistence data, a 2 h use period is proposed for using the inoculated carriers post drying. The persistence data set was also used to assess the carrier counts for S. enterica. The carrier counts were approximately one log lower for S. enterica compared to S. aureus and P. aeruginosa; a range of 4.0 to 5.5 logs is proposed as a requirement for S. enterica tests.

scholarly journals Saliency Detection by Multilevel Deep Pyramid Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Wang ◽  
Lei Dai ◽  
Yingfeng Cai ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Background Noise ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Saliency Detection ◽  
Saliency Map ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Pyramid Model ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than

Traditional salient object detection models are divided into several classes based on low-level features and contrast between pixels. In this paper, we propose a model based on a multilevel deep pyramid (MLDP), which involves fusing multiple features on different levels. Firstly, the MLDP uses the original image as the input for a VGG16 model to extract high-level features and form an initial saliency map. Next, the MLDP further extracts high-level features to form a saliency map based on a deep pyramid. Then, the MLDP obtains the salient map fused with superpixels by extracting low-level features. After that, the MLDP applies background noise filtering to the saliency map fused with superpixels in order to filter out the interference of background noise and form a saliency map based on the foreground. Lastly, the MLDP combines the saliency map fused with the superpixels with the saliency map based on the foreground, which results in the final saliency map. The MLDP is not limited to low-level features while it fuses multiple features and achieves good results when extracting salient targets. As can be seen in our experiment section, the MLDP is better than the other 7 state-of-the-art models across three different public saliency datasets. Therefore, the MLDP has superiority and wide applicability in extraction of salient targets.

scholarly journals Exploring a model-based analysis of patient derived xenograft studies in oncology drug development

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10681
Author(s):  
Jake Dickinson ◽  
Marcel de Matas ◽  
Paul A. Dickinson ◽  
Hitesh B. Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Patient Derived Xenograft ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Purpose To assess whether a model-based analysis increased statistical power over an analysis of final day volumes and provide insights into more efficient patient derived xenograft (PDX) study designs. Methods Tumour xenograft time-series data was extracted from a public PDX drug treatment database. For all 2-arm studies the percent tumour growth inhibition (TGI) at day 14, 21 and 28 was calculated. Treatment effect was analysed using an un-paired, two-tailed t-test (empirical) and a model-based analysis, likelihood ratio-test (LRT). In addition, a simulation study was performed to assess the difference in power between the two data-analysis approaches for PDX or standard cell-line derived xenografts (CDX). Results The model-based analysis had greater statistical power than the empirical approach within the PDX data-set. The model-based approach was able to detect TGI values as low as 25% whereas the empirical approach required at least 50% TGI. The simulation study confirmed the findings and highlighted that CDX studies require fewer animals than PDX studies which show the equivalent level of TGI. Conclusions The study conducted adds to the growing literature which has shown that a model-based analysis of xenograft data improves statistical power over the common empirical approach. The analysis conducted showed that a model-based approach, based on the first mathematical model of tumour growth, was able to detect smaller size of effect compared to the empirical approach which is common of such studies. A model-based analysis should allow studies to reduce animal use and experiment length providing effective insights into compound anti-tumour activity.

Sense of Coherence and Ego-Resiliency as Predictors of Maladaptive Coping Among Juveniles With Different Levels of Delinquency

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110491
Author(s):  
Karol Konaszewski ◽  
Małgorzata Niesiobędzka
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Family Court ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Critical Ratio ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Maladaptive Coping ◽  
Emotional Style ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Ego Resiliency

The purpose of the study is to determine the role of the sense of coherence and ego-resiliency as buffers for maladaptive coping among juveniles with different levels of delinquency. The study included 561 juveniles referred by a family court to youth education or probation centers throughout Poland. We used SEM to search for relations between variables and the critical ratio test for differences between groups. The results demonstrate that in both groups, the relationships between the components of the sense of coherence and the emotional style were negative. In both groups, the sense of comprehensibility was significantly associated with the search for social contacts. The impact of ego-resiliency on social-diversion coping was significantly stronger for the group with high compared with low demoralization. The study demonstrate that juveniles with a high degree of delinquency are more prone to emotion-oriented coping. Both groups of juveniles use two types of avoidance style to a similar extent. The results show that the stronger the sense of coherence, the less often juveniles cope with stress by reducing emotional tension and by escaping into substitute activities. Furthermore, our findings reveal the dark side of ego-resiliency.

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