scholarly journals Improvement ofAspergillus nigerfor Sodium Gluconate Synthesis by UV Mutation Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2052-2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajagopalan Prabu ◽  
Thomas Chand ◽  
Sunhare Raksha
Keyword(s):  
Gluconic Acid ◽  
Parent Strain ◽  
Batch Fermentation ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Sodium Gluconate ◽  
Random Mutation ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Uv Mutation ◽  
Acid Pathway

The sodium gluconate synthesis pathway was improved inAspergillus nigerby random mutation method.A. nigerwas mutated with Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the alteration of cell bound enzymes activity of gluconic acid synthesis pathway and sodium gluconate synthesis were evaluated. The improved mutants (A. nigerUV-112) was capable of producing sodium gluconate up to final concentrations of 60 g/L in batch fermentation, which was 3.0 fold higher than the parent strain. It have been observed that the changes in activities of cell bound enzymes related for gluconic acid pathway such as glucose dehydrogenase and glucose oxidase and it were significantly higher than the parent strain. The mutantA. nigerstrain and the simple method used to decrease the production cost and development of fermentation process for industrial production of gluconic acid or its salt.

Effect of Daunorubicin and Adriamycin on Nucleic ACID Synthesis of Serum Stimulated Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts

1977 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Supino ◽  
Anna M. Casazza ◽  
Aurelio Di Marco
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Anthracycline Antibiotics ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts ◽  
Embryo Fibroblasts

This paper reports the effects of daunorubicin and adriamycin on DNA and RNA synthesis of in vitro cultured mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) stimulated by fetal calf serum (FCS). The addition of FCS to quiescent MEF cultures brings about a wave of RNA synthesis, followed by DNA synthesis which starts between 8 and 12 h after change of medium and proceed for up to 24 h. These cells are therefore partially synchronized. The level of DNA synthesis depends on the amount of FCS added. Daunorubicin and adriamycin are almost equally effective in inhibiting DNA synthesis, as well as cell proliferation, which takes place later. Adriamycin is more active than daunorubicin on RNA synthesis. In cultures treated for an 8 h period starting at different times after FCS addition, the highest DNA synthesis inhibition is achieved by treatment during the first 8 h, when DNA synthesis has not yet started. The cellular uptake of daunorubicin is constantly higher than that of adriamycin, in any experimental condition tested. The results show that FCS-stimulated MEF can provide a simple method for studying the effects of anthracycline antibiotics on partially synchronized cells.

scholarly journals Validation of Putative Apicoplast-Targeting Drugs Using a Chemical Supplementation Assay in Cultured Human Malaria Parasites

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taher Uddin ◽  
Geoffrey Ian McFadden ◽  
Christopher Dean Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Posttranslational Modification ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Parasite Life Cycle ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Fatty Acid Pathway

ABSTRACTMalaria parasites contain a relict plastid, the apicoplast, which is considered an excellent drug target due to its bacterial-like ancestry. Numerous parasiticidals have been proposed to target the apicoplast, but few have had their actual targets substantiated. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) production is the sole required function of the apicoplast in the blood stage of the parasite life cycle, and IPP supplementation rescues parasites from apicoplast-perturbing drugs. Hence, any drug that kills parasites when IPP is supplied in culture must have a nonapicoplast target. Here, we use IPP supplementation to discriminate whether 23 purported apicoplast-targeting drugs are on- or off-target. We demonstrate that a prokaryotic DNA replication inhibitor (ciprofloxacin), several prokaryotic translation inhibitors (chloramphenicol, doxycycline, tetracycline, clindamycin, azithromycin, erythromycin, and clarithromycin), a tRNA synthase inhibitor (mupirocin), and two IPP synthesis pathway inhibitors (fosmidomycin and FR900098) have apicoplast targets. Intriguingly, fosmidomycin and FR900098 leave the apicoplast intact, whereas the others eventually result in apicoplast loss. Actinonin, an inhibitor of bacterial posttranslational modification, does not produce a typical delayed-death response but is rescued with IPP, thereby confirming its apicoplast target. Parasites treated with putative apicoplast fatty acid pathway inhibitors could not be rescued, demonstrating that these drugs have their primary targets outside the apicoplast, which agrees with the dispensability of the apicoplast fatty acid synthesis pathways in the blood stage of malaria parasites. IPP supplementation provides a simple test of whether a compound has a target in the apicoplast and can be used to screen novel compounds for mode of action.

The manufacture of ‘normal’ and ‘starter-free’ Cheddar cheese under controlled bacteriological conditions

1964 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Perry ◽  
W. A. McGillivray
Keyword(s):  
Gluconic Acid ◽  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Streptococcus Cremoris ◽  
Normal Composition ◽  
Acid Lactone

SummaryA relatively simple method is described for the manufacture of Cheddar cheese under controlled bacteriological conditions. This method is shown to give the required degree of asepsis and to permit the manufacture of cheeses of uniform and normal composition.The composition, bacteriology and flavour of 28 ‘aseptic’ cheeses and of 18 ‘nonaseptic’ control cheeses made by this method are discussed. Thirty-nine of these cheeses were made using singly 3 strains of Streptococcus cremoris and 2 strains of Str. lactis as starter and 7 were made using gluconic acid lactone in place of starter. The effect of inoculating the milk with a strain (25·2) of ‘Lactobacillus plantarumcasei’ and a strain (L1) of micrococcus was also investigated.

Development of Photocatalytic Conversion of Glucose to Value-Added Chemicals by Supported-TiO2 Photocatalysts

2016 ◽  
Vol 839 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Kamonchanok Roongraung ◽  
Navadol Laosiripojana ◽  
Surawut Chuangchote
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Gluconic Acid ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Microwave Method ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Simple Method

Biomass is an important renewable energy resource, which is used to replace the petroleum to produce chemicals. Glucose is a monomer of cellulose, which is the main component of biomass. In this work, conversions of glucose to value-added chemical by a simple method have been reported. TiO2 photocatalysts were fabricated by sol-microwave method. Value-added chemical production was successfully carried out via photocatalytic conversion of glucose with TiO2 photocatalysts. Arabinose, xylitol, gluconic acid, and formic acid were produced with photocatalytic reaction of TiO2 under UVA irradiation. The value-added products (gluconic acid, arabinose, and xylitol) can generally be further used as building blocks for biorefinery production, pharmaceutical production, and food industry. In the conventional sol-microwave method, the agglomeration of fabricated TiO2 particle was a limitation of photocatalytic activity. Therefore, the modification of TiO2 fabrication by use of zeolite as a TiO2 support was applied to increase efficiency of photocatalytic conversion of glucose and its selectivity. The effect of TiO2 dosage on zeolite (TiO2/zeolite) on photocatalytic activity and yield of products was monitored. The results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated that zeolite supporter reduced agglomeration of spherical TiO2 particles. The well distribution of TiO2 particles on surface of zeolite particles could be observed in 15%TiO2/zeolite. It was found that the highest photocatalytic conversion of glucose (77.3%) was obtained from the use of 15%TiO2/zeolite as photocatalyst. The yields of gluconic acid, arabinose, xylitol, and formic acid were 8.6, 26.0, 3.7, and 33.89%, respectively.

scholarly journals Canonical NF-κB signaling maintains corneal epithelial integrity and prevents corneal aging via retinoic acid

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Soma Biswas ◽  
Gang Ma ◽  
Peiquan Zhao ◽  
Baojie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Corneal Regeneration ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Acid Administration ◽  
Epithelial Metaplasia

Disorders of the transparent cornea affect millions of people worldwide. However, how to maintain and/or regenerate this organ remains unclear. Here, we show that Rela (encoding a canonical NF-kB subunit) ablation in K14+ corneal epithelial stem cells not only disrupts corneal regeneration but also results in age-dependent epithelial deterioration, which triggers aberrant wound healing processes including stromal remodeling, neovascularization, epithelial metaplasia, and plaque formation at the central cornea. These anomalies are largely recapitulated in normal mice that age naturally. Mechanistically, Rela deletion suppresses expression of Aldh1a1, an enzyme required for retinoic acid synthesis from vitamin A. Retinoic acid administration blocks development of ocular anomalies in Krt14-Cre; Relaf/f mice and naturally aged mice. Moreover, epithelial metaplasia and plaque formation are preventable by inhibition of angiogenesis. This study thus uncovers major mechanisms governing corneal maintenance, regeneration and aging and identifies the NF-kB-retinoic acid pathway as a therapeutic target for corneal disorders.

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