scholarly journals The Use of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery S. Russell ◽  
A. Dimitrios Colevas
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Egf Receptor ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Regular Component ◽  
Specific Patient

Targeting of the EGF receptor (EGFR) has become a standard of care in several tumor types. In squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, monoclonal antibodies directed against EGFR have become a regular component of therapy for curative as well as palliative treatment strategies. These agents have anti-tumor efficacy as a single modality and have demonstrated synergistic tumor killing when combined with radiation and/or chemotherapy. While cetuximab has been the primary anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody used in the US, variant anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies have been used in several clinical studies and shown benefit with improved toxicity profiles. Next generation anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies may demonstrate multi-target epitope recognition, enhanced immune cell stimulation, or conjugation with radioisotopes in order to improve clinical outcomes. Identification of the specific patient subset that would optimally benefit from anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies remains an elusive goal.

Eating Green: Shining Light on the Use of Dietary Phytochemicals as a Modern Approach in the Prevention and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancers

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Eastham ◽  
Candace M. Howard ◽  
Premalatha Balachandran ◽  
David S. Pasco ◽  
Pier Paolo Claudio
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Modern Approach

Enthusiasm for the use of dietary bioactive compounds as chemopreventive agents and adjuvants for current therapies has increased laboratory research conducted on several types of cancers including Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). The green chemoprevention movement is a modern approach to highlight healthy lifestyle changes that aim to decrease the incidence of HNSCC. A healthy diet can be an effective way to prevent the development of oral cancers. Discovery of the naturally occurring plant based compounds called phytochemicals has facilitated the development of new treatment strategies for patients that are at risk for, or have developed HNSCC. Many of these compounds have been shown to elicit very potent anti-carcinogenic properties. While there are many compounds that have been studied, the compounds from two specific categories of phytochemicals, phenolics (resveratrol, EGCG, curcumin, quercetin, and honokiol) and glucosinolates (sulforaphane, PEITC and BITC), are emerging as potent and effective inhibitors of oral carcinogenesis. These compounds have been shown to inhibit HNSCC growth through a variety of mechanisms. Research has demonstrated that these compounds can regulate cancer cell proliferation through the regulation of multiple cell signaling pathways. They can impede cell cycle progression, induce differentiation and apoptosis, prevent angiogenesis, and inhibit cancer cell invasive and metastatic properties. They can protect normal cells during treatment and reduce the damage caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This review aims to provide an overview of some of the most effective phytochemicals that have the potential to successfully prevent and treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

scholarly journals Bioinformatics analysis of DNMT1 expression and its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma prognosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jili Cui ◽  
Lian Zheng ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Miaomiao Xue
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dnmt1 Expression

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common type of malignancy in the world. DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) play key roles in carcinogenesis and regulation of the immune micro-environment, but the gene expression and the role of DNMT1 in HNSCC is unknown. In this study, we utilized online tools and databases for pan-cancer and HNSCC analysis of DNMT1 expression and its association with clinical cancer characteristics. We also identified genes that positively and negatively correlated with DNMT1 expression and identified eight hub genes based on protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Enrichment analyses were performed to explore the biological functions related with of DNMT1. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database was performed to explore the relationship between DNMT1 expression and immune-cell infiltration. We demonstrated that DNMT1 gene expression was upregulated in HNSCC and associated with poor prognosis. Based on analysis of the eight hub genes, we determined that DNMT1 may be involved in cell cycle, proliferation and metabolic related pathways. We also found that significant difference of B cells infiltration based on TP 53 mutation. These findings suggest that DNMT1 related epigenetic alterations have close relationship with HNSCC progression, and DNMT1 could be a novel diagnostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for HNSCC.

scholarly journals De-Escalating Strategies in HPV-Associated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1787
Author(s):  
Panagiota Economopoulou ◽  
Ioannis Kotsantis ◽  
Amanda Psyrri
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Hpv Status

HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has emerged as a diverse clinical and biological disease entity, mainly in young patients with oropharyngeal tumors who are nonsmokers and nondrinkers. Indeed, during the past few years, the pendulum has shifted towards a new epidemiological reality, the “HPV pandemic”, where the majority of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) are attributed to HPV. The oncogenic potential of the virus is associated to its capacity of integrating oncogenes E6 and E7 into the host cell, leading to the inactivation of several tumor suppressor genes, such as Rb. HPV status can affect prognosis in OPSCC, but its role as a predictive biomarker remains to be elucidated. Given the favorable prognosis associated with HPV-positive disease, the concept of de-escalation treatment strategies has been developed with the primary intent being the reduction of treatment-related long-term toxicities. In this review, we aim to depict current data regarding treatment de-escalation in HPV-associated OPSCC and discuss ongoing clinical trials.

scholarly journals Highly Multiplexed Digital Spatial Profiling of the Tumor Microenvironment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arutha Kulasinghe ◽  
Touraj Taheri ◽  
Ken O’Byrne ◽  
Brett G. M. Hughes ◽  
Liz Kenny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Spatial Profiling

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have shown durable and long-term benefits in a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. To identify patient-responders from non-responders, biomarkers are needed which are predictive of outcome to ICI therapy. Cues in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been informative in understanding the tumor-immune contexture.MethodsIn this preliminary study, the NanoString GeoMx™ Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) technology was used to determine the immune marker and compartment specific measurements in a cohort of HNSCC tumors from patients receiving ICI therapy.ResultsOur data revealed that markers involved with immune cell infiltration (CD8 T-cells) were not predictive of outcome to ICI therapy. Rather, a number of immune cell types and protein markers (CD4, CD68, CD45, CD44, CD66b) were found to correlate with progressive disease. Cross platform comparison with the Opal Vectra (Perkin Elmer) for a number of markers across similar regions of interest demonstrated concordance for pan-cytokeratin, CD8, and PD-L1.ConclusionThis study, to our knowledge, represents the first digital spatial analysis of HNSCC tumors. A larger cohort of HNSCC will be required to orthogonally validate the findings.

scholarly journals Characterization of the immune cell infiltration landscape in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to aid immunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhai Zhang ◽  
Tielou Chen ◽  
Boxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Immune Cell Infiltration ◽  
Stromal Component

Abstract Background: The tumor microenvironment chiefly consists of tumor cells, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells admixed with the stromal component. The recent clinical trial has shown that the tumor immune cell infiltration is correlated with the sensitivity to immunotherapy and the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). However, to date, the immune infiltrative landscape of HNSC has not yet been elucidated. Methods: We proposed two computational algorithms to unravel the immune infiltration landscape of 1029 HNSC patients. The Boruta algorithm and principal component algorithms (PCA) were employed to quantify three immune cell infiltration gene subtypes categorized as per the immune cell infiltrations pattern. Results: The high ICI score subtype was characterized by a higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) and the immune-activated signaling pathway. However, a low ICI score subtype was categorized as per the activation of immunosuppressive signaling pathways such as TGF-BETA, WNT signaling pathway, and lower TMB. Two immunotherapy cohorts confirmed patients with higher ICI score demonstrated significant therapeutic advantages and clinical benefits.Conclusions: This demonstrated that the ICI score could serve as an effective prognostic biomarker and predictive indicator for immunotherapy. A comprehensive understanding of the HNSC immune landscape might help in tailoring immunotherapeutic strategies for different patients.

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