scholarly journals Isolated Cataplexy in the Differential Diagnosis of Drop Attacks: A Case of Successful Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Egel ◽  
Anthony Lee ◽  
Thomas Bump ◽  
Alexander Javois
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Drop Attacks ◽  
Immediate Recovery ◽  
Alteration Of Consciousness

Drop attacks are sudden spontaneous falls that are not accompanied by alteration of consciousness and are followed by immediate recovery. Cataplexy, which is usually associated with narcolepsy, is one of the causes of drop attacks. We report a patient with the rare condition of cataplexy without associated narcolepsy (isolated cataplexy). Isolated cataplexy should be included in the differential diagnosis when a patient presents with recurrent drop attacks and normal diagnostic test results.

Sporothrix brasiliensis meningitis in an immunocompetent patient

2021 ◽  
pp. practneurol-2020-002915
Author(s):  
Marco A Lima ◽  
Renan Vallier ◽  
Marcos M Silva
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Chronic Meningitis ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Sporothrix Brasiliensis ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients

Sporothrix brasiliensis usually causes infection limited to the skin, subcutaneous tissue and regional lymph nodes. Contamination occurs through inhalation or accidental inoculation from animal scratches and bites. Meningitis is rare and mostly occurs in immunosuppressed patients. Here, we describe an immunocompetent person who developed chronic meningitis and discuss the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition.

Transformer + GAN based Traditional Chinese Medicine inpatient prescription recommendation (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Treatment Scheme

BACKGROUND Clinical diagnosis and treatment decision making support is at the core of medical artificial intelligent research, in which Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) decision making is an important part. Traditional Chinese Medicine is a traditional medical system originated from China, of which the main clinical model is to conduct individualized diagnosis and treatment by relying on the four-diagnosis information. One of the key tasks of the TCM artificial intelligence research is to develop techniques and methods of clinical prescription decision making which takes all the relevant information of a patient as input, and produces a diagnosis and treatment scheme as output. Given the complexity of TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment schemes, decision making support of clinical diagnosis and treatment schemes remains as a research challenge for lacking of an effective solution. Fortunately, as the volume of the massive clinical data in the form of electronic medical records increases rapidly, it becomes possible for the computer to produce personalized diagnosis and treatment scheme recommendation through machine learning on the basis of the clinical big data. OBJECTIVE The objective of this research is to develop a real-time diagnosis and treatment scheme recommendation model for TCM inpatients. This is accomplished by using historical clinical medical records as training data to train a Transformer network. Furthermore, to alleviate the issue of overfitting, a Generative Adversarial Network is used to generate noise-added samples from the original training data. These noise-added samples along with the original samples form the complete train data set. METHODS valid information, such as the patient’s current sickness situation, medicines taken, nursing care given, vital signs, examinations and test results, is extracted from the patient’s electronic medical records, then the obtained information is sorted chronically, to produce a sequence of data of each patient. These time-sequence data is then used as input to the Transformer network. The output of the network would be the prescription information a physician would give. Overfitting is a common problem in machine learning, and becomes especially server when the network is complex with insufficient training data. In this research, a Generative Adversarial Network, is used to double the number of training samples by producing noise-added samples from the original samples. This, to a great extent, lessens the overfitting problem. RESULTS A total of 21,295 copies of inpatient electronic medical records from Guang’anmen traditional Chinese medicine hospital was used in this research. These records were created between January 2017 and December 2018, covering a total of 6352 kinds of medicines. These medicines were sorted into 829 types of first category medicines based on the class relationships among medicines. As shown by the test results, the performance of a fully trained Transformer model can have an average precision rate of 80.58%，and an average recall rate of 68.49%. CONCLUSIONS As shown by the preliminary test results, the Transformer-based TCM prescription recommendation model outperforms the existing conventional methods. The extra training samples generated by the GAN network helps to overcome the overfitting issue, leading a further improved recall rate and precision rate.

scholarly journals Isolated rupture of the superficial vein of the penis

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Alper Eken ◽  
Meltem Acil ◽  
Taner Arpaci
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Superficial Vein ◽  
Dorsal Vein ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis ◽  
Erect Penis

Penile emergencies are rare but when they do occur, prompt diagnosis and treatment are warranted. Emergent conditions of the male genitalia are mainly traumatic, vascular or infectious. Penile emergencies are usually caused by trauma to the penis, during sexual intercourse or manipulation of an erect penis during masturbation. One of the traumatic vascular penile emergencies is superficial penile dorsal vein rupture. This is a rare condition, with just a few reported cases. It is usually taken into differential diagnosis with the other acute penile injuries that present, such as acute penile edema or ecchymosis. We report a case of 59-year-old male with a superficial penile dorsal vein rupture which occurred during manipulation of the erect penis.

scholarly journals Delay in Diagnosis of Cerebral Venous and Sinus Thrombosis: Successful Use of Mechanical Thrombectomy and Thrombolysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Shah ◽  
Jason J. Rizqallah ◽  
Oladoyin Oluwole ◽  
Aleksandrs Kalnins ◽  
John N. Sheagren
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Dural Sinuses ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Variable Presentation

Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis is a relatively rare condition with a variable presentation that can translate into a difficult workup and a delay in diagnosis and treatment. We describe the successful use of mechanical thrombectomy and thrombolysis in the case of an eighteen-year-old woman that presented with progressive thrombosis of the jugular veins and dural sinuses despite adequate anticoagulation. Our case highlights the need for clinicians to include CVST in the initial differential diagnosis of patients in order to prevent delays and poor outcomes.

The Atypical “Diving” Lesion: Congenital Dilated Imperforate Submandibular Duct

Neurographics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
T.R. Geisbush ◽  
K. Yeom ◽  
V. Yedavalli
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Floor Of The Mouth ◽  
Submandibular Duct ◽  
Imaging Characteristics

A congenital dilated imperforate submandibular duct is a rare condition that presents early in neonates. Treatment can vary considerably from other lesions more commonly found in the floor of the mouth. Here we describe the case of a 1-week-old neonate with a fluctuant lesion in the floor of the mouth, ultimately diagnosed as a congenital dilated imperforate submandibular duct. We then discuss the imaging characteristics, differential diagnosis, and treatment of the condition.

scholarly journals Congenital Malaria due to Plasmodium Vivax Infection in a Neonate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Bhatia ◽  
Dinesh Rajwaniya ◽  
Priti Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Vivax Infection ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Congenital Malaria

Although malaria is endemic in India, congenital malaria is not very common. Congenital malaria is a very rare condition in both endemic and nonendemic areas. We report a case of congenital malaria in a six-day-old neonate with fever and splenomegaly. The diagnosis was picked up accidentally on a peripheral smear examination. Congenital malaria should be kept as differential diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Timely detection of this condition could lead to early diagnosis and treatment, thereby preventing neonatal mortality.

Picture Recognition Errors in the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Helmut Hildebrandt ◽  
Jana Schill ◽  
Jana Bördgen ◽  
Andreas Kastrup ◽  
Paul Eling
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Discriminatory Power ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Picture Recognition ◽  
Recognition Errors

Abstract. This article explores the possibility of differentiating between patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and patients with other kinds of dementia by focusing on false alarms (FAs) on a picture recognition task (PRT). In Study 1, we compared AD and non-AD patients on the PRT and found that FAs discriminate well between these groups. Study 2 served to improve the discriminatory power of the FA score on the picture recognition task by adding associated pairs. Here, too, the FA score differentiated well between AD and non-AD patients, though the discriminatory power did not improve. The findings suggest that AD patients show a liberal response bias. Taken together, these studies suggest that FAs in picture recognition are of major importance for the clinical diagnosis of AD.

Petrous Apex Lesions: Differential Diagnosis and Treatment

Skull Base ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (S 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Papadopoulou ◽  
Apostolos Papadopoulos ◽  
Giorgos Tzindros ◽  
Nikolaos Marangos
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Petrous Apex

PERANAN RADIOLOGI PADA KASUS TUMOR WILMS’

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Galuh Ayu Treswari ◽  
Bambang Soeprijanto ◽  
Indrastuti Normahayu ◽  
Lenny Violetta
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Distant Metastasis ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Tumor Extension ◽  
Abdominal Tumors ◽  
Pathology Reports

Wilms’ tumor is the most frequent renal malignancy in childhood with the highest incidence per year, approximately 7,8 cases per 1.000.000in children under 15 years-old and frequently occurred in 2-5 years of age (highest incidences in 3 years-old). There are many differential diagnosis of intra-abdominal tumors and the correct differential diagnosis are detrimental to the prescribed treatments for the patients.Medical imaging along with pathology reports is a precise way to determine the appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Imaging gives information about tumor extension and distant metastasis, especially useful for indicating pre-operative chemotherapy.

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