scholarly journals Epimedium koreanumExtract and Its Constituent Icariin Improve Motor Dysfunction in Spinal Cord Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihiro Tohda ◽  
Aiko Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Recovery Of Motor Function

Although cell transplantation strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI) using sources such as iPS cells and neural stem cells are focused as expectative therapies for SCI, the possibility of medication as more accessible and practical way should not be given up. We, therefore, aimed to develop medical sources for SCI. In this paper, we evaluated effects of a famous tonic herb,Epimedium koreanum, on motor dysfunction in spinal cord injury (SCI). The spinal cord was injured by contusion after laminectomy at T10 level. Oral administration of the methanol extract ofE. koreanumsignificantly enhanced hindlimb function in SCI mice by short period treatment (for initial 3 days) and chronic treatment (21 days), although chronic treatment recovered the function more potently. Since it is well known that icariin is the major constituent inE. koreanum, icariin was administered orally to SCI mice for initial 3 days. Motor dysfunction was ameliorated by icariin treatment similarly to the methanol extract ofE. koreanum. This paper is the first report to indicateE. koreanumis effective for recovery of motor function in SCI, and at least icariin is an active constituent.

Activation of SIRT1 by Hyperbaric  Oxygenation Promotes Recovery of Motor Dysfunction in Spinal Cord Injury Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiqiang Chen ◽  
Mengyu Yao ◽  
Zhibo Li ◽  
Ranran Xing ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygenation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Inflammatory Cascade ◽  
Locomotor Function ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Background: Emerging evidence demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) therapy improved the locomotor dysfunction following spinal cord injury (SCI). Sirtuin1(SIRT1) has been characterized as neuroprotection in nerve system. However, whether SIRT1 is involved in alleviation of locomotor function by HBO therapy is unclear. Methods: The Basso, Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale was used to evaluate the open-field locomotor function. Western blot, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, SIRT1 activity assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Results: We found that series HBO therapy significantly improved the locomotor dysfunction and ameliorated the decrease mRNA, protein and activity of spinal cord SIRT1 induced by traumatic SCI injury in rats. In addition, intraperitoneal injection SIRT1 antagonist EX-527 abolished the beneficial effects of series HBO treatment on locomotor deficits and SIRT1 activity loss caused by traumatic SCI injury. However, the rats undergone both series HBO therapy and SIRT1 agonist SRT1720 got the higher BBB score than that undergone series HBO treatment only. Importantly, series HBO treatment following the traumatic SCI injury inhibited the inflammatory cascade and apoptosis-related protein, which was retained by EX-527 and enhanced by SRT1720. Furthermore, EX-527 blocked the enhanced induction of autophagy series with HBO application. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated a new mechanism for series HBO therapy involving activation of SIRT1 and subsequent modulation of inflammatory cascade, apoptosis and autophagy, which contributed to the recovery of motor dysfunction. Key words: HBO, SIRT1, motor dysfunction, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis

Inflammatory Response and Cell Apoptosis are Inhibited by Indirubin-3′-Oxime via PI3K/Akt Pathway in Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury ​

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Lixue Wu ◽  
Qiuxiang Zhou ◽  
Yueyue Yan ◽  
Jinlong Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Akt Phosphorylation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) main cause of motor dysfunction results in loss of feelings partially or completely. The current study investigated indirubin-3′-oxime (IR3O) for treatment of SCI in rat model and evaluated the related mechanism. Rats in model SCI and ID30 groups were subjected to laminectomy at 8th thoracic vertebra level. Vertebral column was secured by clamping T6 and T10 and SCI model was established by dripping a hammer. Treatment groups received 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mg/kg doses of ID30 daily for 2-weeks post-surgery. Treatment with ID30 effectively improved BBB score in rats with SCI in dose-based manner. Accumulation of water in spinal cord tissues was alleviated significantly on treatment of SCI rats with ID30. ID30 treatment significantly alleviated SCI mediated higher serum levels of TNF-α and cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) in SCI rats. In ID30 treated SCI rats SOD, CAT and GSH activities were significantly alleviated. The SCI mediated increased cleaved caspase-3 and -9 levels were alleviated by ID30 treatment significantly. Moreover, ID30 treatment suppressed SCI mediated elevation of PGE2, COX‑2 levels and significantly (P<0.05) elevated PPAR-γ expression. The ID30 treatment of SCI rats significantly (P<0.05) elevated PI3K and Akt phosphorylation. Thus, ID30 inhibited edema and improved BBB score in rats with SCI by targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative response. Moreover, in SCI rats ID30 treatment down-regulated apoptotic proteins, promoted PPAR-γ activation and elevated PI3K/Akt phosphorylation. Thus, ID30 has potential to be studied further for development of therapeutic strategy for SCI.

4:40104. Experimental Distraction Spinal Cord Injury and Recovery of Motor Function

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 51S ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K. Nagai ◽  
Kirk Dabney ◽  
Marina Ehrenshteyn ◽  
Dianna Willis ◽  
Jeffery Twiss
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Recovery Of Motor Function

Evaluation of the effect of myelotomy on nerve function in rats with spinal cord injury by diffusion tensor imaging

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512097518
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Changbin Liu ◽  
Chuan Qin ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test

Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe central nervous system injury that can generally induce different degrees of sensory and motor dysfunction Purpose To clarify the changes of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters after spinal cord myelotomy in rats with SCI. Material and Methods Eighteen Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the Sham group (n=6), SCI group (n=6), and Mye group (n=6), respectively. The DTI values at 1, 3, 7, and 21 days after modeling were collected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The spinal specimen at the injury site was collected on the 21st day for Nissl’s staining to assess the changes in neurons. Results The fractional anisotropy (FA) values in both the SCI group and Mye group significantly decreased. In addition, the FA values between the two groups were statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) values all decreased and then increased ( P < 0.001). Pearson correlation test showed that the ADC, MD, and AD values were positively correlated with the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) score. Nissl’s staining showed a higher number of Nissl’s bodies, and deep staining of Nissl’s bodies in the Mye group, while the morphology of neurons was relatively good. The number of neurons in the Mye group was significantly higher after myelotomy compared to the SCI group ( P < 0.001). Conclusion The DTI parameters, especially ADC values, could non-invasively and quantifiably evaluate the efficacy of myelotomy for rats with SCI.

scholarly journals Piperine Attenuates the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Pyroptosis to Facilitate Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury via Autophagy Enhancement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haojie Zhang ◽  
Chenyu Wu ◽  
Jin-Feng Huang ◽  
Yanlin Chen ◽  
Wen-Fei Ni
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious injury that can lead to irreversible motor dysfunction and subsequently result in disability and even death. Due to its complicated pathogenic mechanism, there are no effective drug treatments. Piperine, a natural active alkaloid extracted from black pepper, suppressed inflammation in a previous study. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of piperine in a spinal cord injury model.Methods: Spinal cord injury was induced in C57BL/6 mice by clamping the spinal cord with a vascular clip (15 g force; Oscar) for 1 min. Eighty mice were divided randomly into the following four groups: The Sham group (n = 20), the SCI+Vehicle group (n = 20), the SCI+ Piperine group (n = 20), and the SCI+ Piperine+3MA group (n = 20). Before SCI and every 2 days post-SCI, evaluations of the Basso mouse scale (BMS) were performed. On day 14 after SCI, inclined plane tests and footprint analyses were performed. On postoperative day 3, the spinal cord was harvested to assess pyroptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and autophagy. Qualitative or quantitative analysis of the components of these potential mechanisms was performed by Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Piperine enhanced the functional recovery of spinal cord injury. Additionally, piperine inhibited inflammation, attenuated oxidative stress and pyroptosis, and activated autophagy. However, the effects of piperine on the functional recovery of SCI, ROS-mediated autophagy, inflammation and pyroptosis were reversed by the inhibition of autophagy.Conclusions: Our experiments demonstrated that piperine facilitated the functional recovery of spinal cord injury by inhibiting the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and pyroptosis, which are mediated by the activation of autophagy.

scholarly journals TRIM32 affects the recovery of motor function following spinal cord injury through regulating proliferation of glia

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (28) ◽  
pp. 45380-45390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Ming-Ming Zou ◽  
Jian-Wei Zhu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Wen-Jin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Recovery Of Motor Function
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