scholarly journals Metallic and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water of Cankiri, Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 608-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrah Caylak ◽  
Mustafa Tokar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Bacterial Indicator ◽  
Sewage Contamination ◽  
Microbial Contaminants

Safe and good quality drinking water is very important for human health. Water provides some heavy metals, such as As, B, Cd, Cn, Cr, Cu, F, Cl, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, and Sn. These are undesirable substances dangerous to human health and cause chronic diseases and various cancers. Coliform bacteria are a commonly used bacterial indicator of sanitary quality of water.E. coli, total coliform and enterococci have been used as indicators of possible sewage contamination might pose a health risk. In this study, water samples were taken from thirty different waterworks in Cankiri, Turkey and metallic and microbial contaminants were investigated. In the drinking tap water samples have been found at concentrations exceeding the Turkish regulations (As and free Cl) and the WHO guidelines (As and B). Our results also indicate that significant microbiological contaminations were found above the guidelines for drinking waters given by the WHO, because of the fact that in the distribution of water is not appropriate.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Quality of Kathmandu Valley

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neel Kamal Koju ◽  
Tista Prasai ◽  
Sujen Man Shrestha ◽  
Prakash Raut
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Who Standards

This research was conducted to analyze drinking water quality of Kathmandu valley. Total 969 water samples (392 from dug wells, 287 from deep boring, 218 from treated water, 46 from tap and 26 from other water sources) received from different places of Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur districts during March 2012 to March 2013. These samples were analyzed for the determination of physical (pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity), chemical (hardness, chloride, iron, arsenic, ammonia, nitrate) and microbiological (total Coliform) parameters. It was found that the temperature and nitrate were within the WHO standards while pH, conductivity, turbidity, chloride, iron, arsenic, ammonia, and Coliform bacteria exceeded the WHO standard guideline. In ground water ( well and Boring), pH, conductivity, hardness, turbidity, iron, arsenic, chloride, ammonia and total Coliform count crossed WHO standards as 5%, 2%, 0.8%, 36%, 51%, 0.1%, 2%, 11% and 86 % respectively. Hardness was within the standard in both  reated and tap water samples. Compared to treated water, pH, arsenic and chloride were within the standard in tap water. The common problematic parameters of different sources of drinking were turbidity, iron, ammonia and conductivity. Coliform bacteria were found in 36% samples of treated water whereas 80% tap water samples were contaminated from Coliform bacteria.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12027Nepal Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 15, No.1 (2014) 115-120

scholarly journals The health-related microbiological quality of bottled drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R. Kassenga
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria

The consumption of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water in Tanzania has increased largely because of the deteriorating quality of tap water. It is uncertain whether these water products are safe for drinking. In this study, the microbiological quality of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was investigated. One hundred and thirty samples representing 13 brands of bottled water collected from shops, supermarkets and street vendors were analysed for total coliform and faecal coliform organisms as well as heterotrophic bacteria. These were compared with 61 samples of tap water. Heterotrophic bacteria were detected in 92% of the bottled water samples analysed. Total and faecal coliform bacteria were present in 4.6% and 3.6%, respectively, of samples analysed with a tendency for higher contamination rates in plastic-bagged drinking water. Microbiological quality of tap water was found to be worse compared with bottled water, with 49.2% and 26.2% of sampling points showing the presence of total coliform and faecal coliform organisms, respectively. The results suggest caution and vigilance to avert outbreaks of waterborne diseases from these types of drinking water.

scholarly journals Assessment of microbial quality of water in popular restaurants in Sylhet city of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Sarker ◽  
Sharmista Dash ◽  
Md Mozammel Hoque ◽  
Sultan Ahmed ◽  
Md Rayhan Shaheb
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Great Chance ◽  
Quality Of Water

Microbial contaminations of drinking water constitute a major burden on human health. Interventions to improve the quality of drinking-water provide significant benefits to health. An assessment of microbial quality of water in the samples obtained from different popular restaurants of Sylhet City Corporation, Bangladesh were analyzed in the laboratory. Our aims were to find out the microbial properties of water, to analyze the potable water qualities of the restaurants and also to compare it with different standards to assess the health risk of people. The microbial tests viz. MPN, TVC and total coliform test were studied. Results revealed that all the water samples were fecal contaminated and had a great chance of contamination by other pathogenic bacteria. Results indicated that most of the samples were significantly positive to MPN test and TVC bacteria were highly significant. The risk score for coliform bacteria also remarked high risk for human health according to WHO standards and were not suitable as potable water. Our recommendations are therefore, water supply authority including restaurant owners should take necessary steps for the maintenance of microbial quality of water and microbial assessments should be done very often to leading a hygienic water distribution environment of the city.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 115-125, March 2016

scholarly journals Poor Quality of Treated Water in Kathmandu: Comparison with Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standards

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujan Maharjan ◽  
Tista Prasai Joshi ◽  
Sujen Man Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Treated Water

Objectives: In order to evaluate the quality assurance of drinking water in Kathmandu valley, this study analyzed selected physiochemical and microbial parameters of treated water samples and compared with Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS). Methods: Treated water samples were collected from all over the Kathmandu valley and analyzed in terms of physicochemical and microbiological parameters over the period of one year from July 2017 to July 2018. The physio-chemical parameters of water samples were performed according to standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The total coliforms were enumerated by standard membrane filtration technique. Results: We report that microbiological aspect of treated water was the major problem as 66% of the water samples crossed the guideline value for total coliform count. Above 92% of jar water samples, 77% of tanker water samples and 69% of filtered water samples had the total coliform count exceeding the NDWQS. Moreover, 20% of bottled water was contaminated by coliform bacteria. Iron and ammonia content were found to be higher than the guideline values in 16% and 21% of the total treated water samples respectively. Analyzing the types of treated water samples showed that 35% and 15% of tanker water samples had higher ammonia and iron content respectively, and the same parameters were higher in 23% and 19% in the filtered water samples respectively than the standard criteria recommended by NDWQS. Conclusion: The treated water samples exceed the standard values set by NDWQS and hence had poor quality. The presence of faecal pollution indicating coliform bacteria was the key problem for treated drinking water of Kathmandu valley. Therefore, monitoring and proper treatment of water should be conducted to prevent dissemination of waterborne diseases.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Investigation of Hill Tribes: A Case Study in Northern Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1698
Author(s):  
Suntorn Sudsandee ◽  
Krailak Fakkaew ◽  
Vivat Keawdounglek ◽  
Pussadee Laor ◽  
Suwalee Worakhunpiset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Hill Tribe ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Hill Tribes ◽  
Water Treatments

Hill tribes are a group of people who live in remote areas in northern Thailand. They typically use untreated water for drinking, that can lead several health problems. The six main hill tribes—Akha, Hmong, Karen, Lahu, Lisu, and Yao—were selected for the study. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Water samples were collected from the selected villages and tested for the quality at Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand. Results: the major sources of drinking water were mountain water supplies (74.3%), and commercial bottled water (21.4%). Easy access, sufficiency for the whole year, and food-drug administration sign labeled were the criteria used for selecting sources of drinking water. Colorless and safety were also used as a selection criteria for their drinking water in some tribes. Lisu, Karen, and Hmong treated their drinking water by boiling, while Akha and Lahu stored the water in certain containers to allow particle settling before drinking water without treatment. 42.0% of the water samples had a turbidity values <5 NTU, and total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria were detected in 100.0% of the samples. To prevent water-borne diseases among the hill tribe people, appropriate water treatments such as boiling, filtration, and disinfection are recommended.

scholarly journals Enumeration of total and Feacal coliform bacteria of some borehole water in Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Nuru Adamu Garkuwa ◽  
Sa’adatu Said Mustapha ◽  
Sani Aliyu Ibrahim ◽  
Muhammad Yusha’u ◽  
Mansur Abdulrasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Borehole Water

Inadequate provision of potable drinking water in relation to teaming population is forcing most of the urban communities to drink untreated water obtained from traditional boreholes. Hence, the need to assess the portability of drinking water. In this research, boreholes water samples collected within Gombe city were investigated bacteriologically using multiple tube fermentation and pour plate methods to examine feacal coliform and coliform bacterial counts respectively; bacterial isolation was conducted using standard culture methods.  Identification of the bacterial Isolates were carried out by macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical examinations. Total coliform bacteria ranges from <3 to 11 MPN/100 ml and 1 to 3 MPN/100ml for faecal coliform. The borehole water samples from studied areas had high counts of faecal coliforms (Escherichia coli), and other pathogens like Entrobacter and Salmonella. The findings showed that all the borehole water analysed were not suitable for human consumption and may pose a serious threat to the health of consumers and therefore, there is need for treatment of these borehole waters by the borehole proprietors and also by simple treatment methods such as boiling, filtration before drinking and agitation by the consumers.    Keywords: Borehole water, Quality, Isolation, Identification, Coliform bacteria

Detection of Coliforms in Drinking Water and its Effect on Human Health - A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 122-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Pal
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Public Health Protection

The coliform group has been used extensively as an indicator of water quality and has historically led to the public health protection concept. Total coliforms are a group of bacteria commonly found in the environment, for example in soil or vegetation, as well as the intestines of mammals, including humans. Total coliform bacteria are not likely to cause illness, but their presence indicates that the water supply may be vulnerable to contamination by more harmful microorganisms. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the only member of the total coliform group of bacteria that is found only in the intestines of mammals, including humans. The presence of E. coli in water indicates recent fecal contamination and may indicate the possible presence of disease-causing pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Although most strains of E. coli bacteria are harmless, certain strains, such as E.coli 0157:H7, may cause illness. About 80 % of communicable diseases in the world are waterborne. According to WHO estimate about 80 % of water pollution in developing country, like India is carried by domestic waste. In India 70 % of the water is seriously polluted and 75 % of illness and 80 % of the child mortality is attributed to water pollution. The improper management of water systems may cause serious problems in availability and quality of water. The major pathogenic bacteria responsible for water borne disease are spread by the faeco-oral route, in which water may play an intermediate role. The aim of this review is to examine methods currently in use for the detection of coliforms in drinking water and also to evaluate the possible health hazards associated with drinking water contaminated with coliforms.

scholarly journals Prevalence of coliform bacterial contamination in cat drinking water in households in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-726
Author(s):  
Suttiporn Srikullabutr ◽  
Panpicha Sattasathuchana ◽  
Anusak Kerdsin ◽  
Naris Thengchaisri
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water Container ◽  
Age Range

Background and Aim: Bacterial contamination of drinking water is a leading cause of gastrointestinal infections. Cats may be at risk of water contamination from feces due to poor sanitation and hygiene. The objectives of the present study were to (1) evaluate the prevalence of coliform bacteria in cat drinking water and (2) identify possible risk factors leading to contamination. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five drinking water samples were collected from water containers used by cats (median age [range]: 5 years [8 months-15 years]) at their home. Using a sterile syringe, 50 mL water was collected directly from water containers. The water samples were stored in coliform enhancement media for 24 h and then submitted for bacterial culture. Results: The prevalence of fecal coliform contamination of cat drinking water was 67.27% (37/55; 95% confidence interval: 53.29-79.32%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of coliform bacterial contamination of drinking water by age or gender of the cat or by water container type. However, bacterial contamination differed significantly between shorthaired cats and longhaired cats when comparing Escherichia coli (9/44 [20.45%] vs. 8/11 [72.72%], p<0.001) and Enterobacter spp. (16/44 [36.36%] vs. 9/11 [81.82%], p=0.007). For water that had been in a container longer than 12 h, there were significantly more contaminated tap water samples (16/19 [84.21%]) than contaminated processed water samples (9/17 [52.94%], p=0.047). Conclusion: Coliform contamination in cat drinking water is common and occurs more often in households with longhaired cats. Drinking water for cats should be changed every 12 h, especially for households using tap water.

ECOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DRINKING TAP WATER IN KHANTY-MANSIYSK AND SALEKHARD

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
V.V. Lapenko ◽  
L.N. Bikbulatova ◽  
E.M. Ternikova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Environment

Water is very important for humans, as it is a solvent for metabolic products. Moreover, it is necessary for metabolism, biochemical and transport processes. The elemental status in persons depends on the geochemical environment and consumption of bioelements with food and water. The aim of the paper is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of chemical composition of drinking tap water in Khanty-Mansiysk and Salekhard. Materials and Methods. The chemical composition of 100 samples of drinking tap water was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry, spectrophotometry and capillary electrophoresis. All in all, there were 50 samples from Khanty-Mansiysk and 50 samples from Salekhard. The results were compared with Sanitary Rules and Norms 2.1.4.1074-01. Results. Drinking tap water in Salekhard contains a significantly higher concentration of iron, which is much above the maximum allowable concentration, if compared to water samples in Khanty-Mansiysk (p=0.03). In the cities under consideration, the water undergoes high-quality reagent-free treatment. However, the deterioration of the water supply networks in Salekhard is 3 times as high as in Khanty-Mansiysk. Calcium and magnesium concentration in water samples from Khanty-Mansiysk is 5.6 and 3.9 times lower than the MAC; in water samples from Salekhard calcium concentration is 6.3 (p=0.008) and magnesium concentration 4.6 (p<0.001) times lower than the MAC. Conclusion. The consumption of ultra-fresh drinking water leads to low intake of bioelements, which are a part of enzymes contributing to the human antioxidant defense and can result in manifestation of cardiovascular diseases. This is especially true for Salekhard with very soft drinking water and high iron concentration, which excess can exhibit prooxidant properties. Keywords: tap water, bioelements, northern region, antioxidants. Вода является важнейшим соединением для человека: необходима в качестве растворителя продуктов метаболизма и протекания обменных, биохимических и транспортных процессов. Элементный статус организма человека зависит от геохимического окружения и поступления биоэлементов с пищей и водой. Цель. Провести комплексную оценку химического состава водопроводной воды городов Ханты-Мансийск и Салехард. Материалы и методы. Методами атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии, спектрофотометрии и капиллярного электрофореза проанализирован химический состав 100 проб водопроводной воды: по 50 из Ханты-Мансийска и Салехарда. Результаты сравнивали с СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01. Результаты. В водопроводной воде Салехарда установлена превышающая ПДК и достоверно более высокая концентрация железа сравнительно с водой Ханты-Мансийска (р=0,03). При условии качественной безреагентной водоподготовки в изучаемых городах это обусловлено изношенностью водопроводных сетей в Салехарде, более чем в 3 раза превышающей этот показатель в Ханты-Мансийске. Концентрация кальция и магния в воде Ханты-Мансийска в 5,6 и 3,9 раза ниже ПДК; в воде Салехарда – в 6,3 (р=0,008) и 4,6 (р<0,001) раза ниже ПДК соответственно. Заключение. Употребление ультрапресной питьевой воды на фоне очень малого поступления с водой биоэлементов, входящих в состав ферментов антиоксидантной защиты организма человека, может привести к манифестации кардиоваскулярных заболеваний. Это особенно актуально для г. Салехарда с очень мягкой питьевой водой с повышенным содержанием железа, избыток которого может проявлять прооксидантные свойства. Ключевые слова: водопроводная вода, биоэлементы, северный регион, антиоксиданты.

scholarly journals Bacterial diversity and predicted enzymatic function in a multipurpose surface water system – from wastewater effluent discharges to drinking water production

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda Tiwari ◽  
Anna-Maria Hokajärvi ◽  
Jorge Santo Domingo ◽  
Michael Elk ◽  
Balamuralikrishna Jayaprakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Production Well

Abstract Background Rivers and lakes are used for multiple purposes such as for drinking water (DW) production, recreation, and as recipients of wastewater from various sources. The deterioration of surface water quality with wastewater is well-known, but less is known about the bacterial community dynamics in the affected surface waters. Understanding the bacterial community characteristics —from the source of contamination, through the watershed to the DW production process—may help safeguard human health and the environment. Results The spatial and seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities, their predicted functions, and potential health-related bacterial (PHRB) reads within the Kokemäenjoki River watershed in southwest Finland were analyzed with the 16S rRNA-gene amplicon sequencing method. Water samples were collected from various sampling points of the watershed, from its major pollution sources (sewage influent and effluent, industrial effluent, mine runoff) and different stages of the DW treatment process (pre-treatment, groundwater observation well, DW production well) by using the river water as raw water with an artificial groundwater recharge (AGR). The beta-diversity analysis revealed that bacterial communities were highly varied among sample groups (R = 0.92, p <  0.001, ANOSIM). The species richness and evenness indices were highest in surface water (Chao1; 920 ± 10) among sample groups and gradually decreased during the DW treatment process (DW production well; Chao1: 320 ± 20). Although the phylum Proteobacteria was omnipresent, its relative abundance was higher in sewage and industrial effluents (66–80%) than in surface water (55%). Phyla Firmicutes and Fusobacteria were only detected in sewage samples. Actinobacteria was more abundant in the surface water (≥13%) than in other groups (≤3%). Acidobacteria was more abundant in the DW treatment process (≥13%) than in others (≤2%). In total, the share of PHRB reads was higher in sewage and surface water than in the DW treatment samples. The seasonal effect in bacterial communities was observed only on surface water samples, with the lowest diversity during summer. Conclusions The low bacterial diversity and absence of PHRB read in the DW samples indicate AGR can produce biologically stable and microbiologically safe drinking water. Furthermore, the significantly different bacterial communities at the pollution sources compared to surface water and DW samples highlight the importance of effective wastewater treatment for protecting the environment and human health.

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