scholarly journals Cytotoxicity of Carbon Nanotubes on J774 Macrophages Is a Purification-Dependent Effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Lorena Montes-Fonseca ◽  
Erasmo Orrantia-Borunda ◽  
Alberto Duarte-Möller ◽  
Antonia Luna-Velasco ◽  
Manuel Román-Aguirre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
J774 Cell ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Cellular Toxicity ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Viability Test ◽  
J774 Cell Line ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mtt Assays

The cytotoxicity of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is an important factor for the manufacture of nanovaccines. The aim of this work was to evaluate the relationship of the purification method of CNTs in cellular toxicity using macrophages (MOs) from the J774 cell line. Viability test was performed with MTT assays at 24 h of exposure at concentrations of 0.06, 0.6, and 6 mg/L of unpurified (UP-CNTs) or purified (P-CNTs) CNTs by two different methods: (1) reflux with 3M HNO3and (2) sonication in H2SO4/HNO3. Characterization and COOH content of CNTs was performed using scanning electron microscopy, raman spectroscopy, and titration with NaHCO3. P-CNTs1had lengths >100 μm and 2.76% COOH content, while P-CNTs2had lengths >1 μm and 7% COOH content. This last particle showed a lower toxic effect. The results suggest that the lenght and COOH content are important factors in the toxicity of the CNTs.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO WITH AVN OF FEMORAL HEAD IN ADULT INDIAN POPULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Suman ◽  
Yash Sharma ◽  
Puneet Kumar Acharya ◽  
Jyoti Krishna ◽  
Nilesh Kumar Patidar
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cellular Toxicity ◽  
Keywords Alcohol ◽  
Working Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) or osteonecrosis is the death of bone tissues due to decreased blood flow of femoral head, it is a major orthopaedic disease with many risk factors including the chronic alcohol and tobacco consumption.  Aims and objectives: To study the relationship of alcohol and tobacco with AVN of femoral head in adult population. Materials and Methods: This study included 72 patients of AVN of femoral head (ONFH) who attending our hospital between Sept 2018 to Sept 2020. History of alcoholism and tobacco consumption, detailed information of the amount and duration of smoking and alcohol intake was recorded. Results: Majority of the AVN patients were working age groups males (72%) and 28% were females. Out of 72 patient 55% had history of alcohol consumption and 60% were smokers which indicates a positive correlation of cellular toxicity with AVN of femoral head. Conclusion: Present study conclude that the alcohol ingestion and tobacco smoking are the major cause of cellular toxicity and AVN of femoral heads. Keywords: alcohol drinking, femur head necrosis, smoking

scholarly journals Amyloid Beta Annular Protofibrils in Cell Processes and Synapses Accumulate with Aging and Alzheimer-Associated Genetic Modification

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideko Kokubo ◽  
Rakez Kayed ◽  
Charles G. Glabe ◽  
Matthias Staufenbiel ◽  
Takaomi C. Saido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Synaptic Dysfunction ◽  
Cellular Toxicity ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Model Mouse ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Amyloidβ(Aβ) annular protofibrils (APFs) have been described where the structure is related to that ofβbarrel pore-forming bacterial toxins and exhibits cellular toxicity. To investigate the relationship of AβAPFs to disease and their ultrastructural localization in brain tissue, we conducted a pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopic study using anti-annular protofibril antiserum. We examined brain tissues of young- and old-aged amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice (APP23), neprilysin knockout APP23 mice, and nontransgenic littermates.αAPF-immunoreactions tended to be found (1) on plasma membranes and vesicles inside of cell processes, but not on amyloid fibrils, (2) with higher density due to aging, APP transgene, and neprilysin deficiency, and (3) with higher positive rate at synaptic compartments in aged APP23, especially in neprilysin knockout APP23 mice. These findings imply that APFs are distinct from amyloid fibrils, interact with biological membranes, and might be related to synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer model mouse brains.

Investigation on the Frequencies of Radial Breathing Mode and Radial Breathing-Like Mode of Carbon Nanotubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 661 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Chuan Lu ◽  
Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Vibrational Mode ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Radial Breathing Mode ◽  
Beam Element ◽  
Radial Vibration ◽  
Breathing Mode ◽  
Spectroscopy Experiment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), one of the important symbol to enter the era of nanotechnology, becomes the most attractive materials with the unique properties, and CNTs shows extensive potential application in drug molecular transmission, CNTs tip and CNTs-based sensors. However, the application of nano-device requires more accurate research about geometric, electronic and mechanical properties which matches to radial breathing vibrational mode in Raman spectroscopy experiment. The shapes and frequencies of radial breathing mode(RBM) and radial breathing-like mode(RBM-like) were investigated by the modified beam element model based on molecular mechanics, and the relationship of frequencies of zigzag and armchair CNTs with length - diameter aspect ratio, diameter and chirality were also discussed respectively. The results show that there are RBM and RBM-like in radial vibration of CNTs, and their frequencies are approximate.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

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