scholarly journals Immunopathological Roles of Cytokines, Chemokines, Signaling Molecules, and Pattern-Recognition Receptors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shui-Lian Yu ◽  
Woon-Pang Kuan ◽  
Chun-Kwok Wong ◽  
Edmund K. Li ◽  
Lai-Shan Tam
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Pattern Recognition Receptors ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Immune Pathways

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology affecting more than one million individuals each year. It is characterized by B- and T-cell hyperactivity and by defects in the clearance of apoptotic cells and immune complexes. Understanding the complex process involved and the interaction between various cytokines, chemokines, signaling molecules, and pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) in the immune pathways will provide valuable information on the development of novel therapeutic targets for treating SLE. In this paper, we review the immunopathological roles of novel cytokines, chemokines, signaling molecules, PRRs, and their interactions in immunoregulatory networks and suggest how their disturbances may implicate pathological conditions in SLE.

scholarly journals The Lectin Pathway of Complement Activation in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1136-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Troldborg ◽  
Steffen Thiel ◽  
Marten Trendelenburg ◽  
Justa Friebus-Kardash ◽  
Josephine Nehring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Lectin Pathway ◽  
Classical Pathway ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Repeated Samples

Objective.The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves complement activation. Activation of complement through the classical pathway (CP) is well established. However, complement activation through pattern recognition not only happens through the CP, but also through the lectin pathway (LP). We investigated the hypothesis that the LP is activated in SLE and involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.Methods.Using immunoassays developed in-house, we measured concentrations of LP proteins in a cohort of 372 patients with SLE and 170 controls. We estimated complement activation measuring total C3, and investigated whether LP protein concentrations were associated with complement activation and disease activity. Protein changes and disease activity over time were assessed in a cohort of 52 patients with SLE followed with repeated samples over a 5-year period.Results.Concentrations of LP proteins in SLE were altered compared with controls. The differences observed in LP proteins associated with complement activation were reflected by a decrease in total C3. The pattern recognition molecules (M-ficolin, CL-L1, and CL-K1), the serine protease (MASP-3), and the associated protein (MAp19) displayed a negative correlation with disease activity. Changes in MASP-2 concentrations over time correlated significantly with increased disease activity. Association between active proteinuria and serum concentration was observed for MASP-3 and MAp19.Conclusion.In patients with SLE, we measured specific changes in LP proteins that are associated with complement activation and disease activity, indicating that the LP is activated in patients with SLE. These novel findings substantiate the involvement of the LP in SLE.

scholarly journals Cytokine Networks in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hooi-Ming Lee ◽  
Hidehiko Sugino ◽  
Norihiro Nishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Cytokine Networks

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease more prominent in women and characterized by multiple organ damage. Imbalance in cytokine production and cytokine levels correlates with SLE progression, making the understanding of SLE cytokine networks very important for SLE treatment strategy and drug development. In this article, we review cytokine networks that may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE by briefly describing abnormal cytokine production and serum cytokine levels in SLE patients. We also focus on the pathological roles of cytokines and their interactions in immunoregulatory networks and suggest how their disturbances may implicate in pathological conditions in SLE. Finally, we further discuss the influence of estrogen on these cytokine networks.

scholarly journals Combined Detection of Mean Platelet Volume and Immunoglobins as a Strategy for the Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Changzhi Xu ◽  
Zhizhi Xie ◽  
Yanhua Yi ◽  
Donglin Zhu ◽  
Yun Xi
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Complex Process

Objective:To explore the possibility of diagnosing and monitoring patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using the combination of mean platelet volume (MPV) and routine immunoglobulin test. Method:116 patients with SLE were divided into 3 groups according to their clinical characteristics, including 29 patients with renal impairment, 44 cases of active stage and 43 cases of inactive patients. 40 healthy subjects were randomly selected as controls. Subjects were tested for routine blood test and plasma Immunoglobins, such as IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4, CH50, CRP. The results were analyzed and the characteristics of each group of subjects were determined, the correlation between test results and diagnosis were studied. Result: In comparison to the control group, the serum level of MPV, C3 and C4 were decreased (P<0.05), and C reactive protein level was elevated (P<0.001) in the three groups of SLE patients. The IgG level in active and inactive SLE patients was increased (P<0.0001), CH50 level was decreased in patients with inactive SLE (P<0.05), IgA level of active SLE subjects was found to be elevated (P<0.05), IgM in patients with renal impairment was decreased (P<0.05). Other than that, no other significant characteristic were found. Conclusion: The pathogenesis of SLE is a complex process involving multiple factors. The changes of MPV, IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4, CH50 and CRP in SLE patients are characteristic parameters. The combination of the above indicators can help to determine the diagnosis and staging of SLE. The timely diagnosis and treatment of SLE patients has important clinical significance in protecting the organ function of SLE patients and improving the prognosis.

scholarly journals Salivary Cytokines as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Assia Bouhoudan ◽  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Gholamreza Azizi ◽  
Mohcine Bennani Mechita
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Autoimmune Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Variable Clinical Presentation ◽  
Significant Attention

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by an unknown etiology and a highly variable clinical presentation. This clinical heterogeneity might be explained by dysregulation of tolerance to self and apoptotic mechanisms, overproduction of autoantibodies, and abnormal cytokine levels. Cytokine imbalance levels have been associated with disease activity and severity in SLE patients. In the last years, salivary cytokines related to SLE have gained significant attention and researchers have begun to focus on the identification of cytokines in the saliva of SLE patients using it as a diagnostic fluid for the inflammatory process underlying SLE. This review highlights and summarizes recent studies revealing the cytokines that have been identified in the saliva of individuals with SLE. Data reported and discussed in this report may provide useful additional information to better understand the mechanisms associated with the disease.

scholarly journals Problems of early diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
E. L. Nasonov ◽  
T. V. Popkova ◽  
T. A. Panafidina
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease of unknown etiology, characterized by overproduction of organ-nonspecific autoantibodies to various components of the cell nucleus and cytoplasm and the development of immune-inflammatory damage to internal organs. The debut of SLE is preceded by an asymptomatic period, characterized by impaired immunological tolerance to its own autoantigens, determined by the multifaceted interaction of external, genetic and epigenetic factors, hormonal disorders, microbiome pathology, stress effects, etc. Development of a certain spectrum of clinical symptoms characteristic of SLE along with the detection of a reflects the progression of the immunopathological process in SLE, however, there is no generally accepted term that defines the patient’s condition, which has individual serological and clinical signs characteristic of this disease. In rheumatology, the concept of «incomplete» SLE is currently most often used. The problems of early diagnosis of SLE, clinical and laboratory predictors of the transformation of “incomplete” SLE into “reliable” SLE, difficulties in diagnosing SLE during the COVID-19 pandemic are considered. Particular attention is paid to the comparative characteristics of the immunopathological mechanisms of SLE and COVID-19.

scholarly journals Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Unusual Manifestations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Lorena Manea ◽  
Cătălin Mihai Popescu ◽  
Raluca Popescu ◽  
Daniela Adriana Ion ◽  
Andreea Alexandra Nicola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Septal Perforation ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Extended Defect ◽  
Nasal Septal Perforation

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, presenting with variable clinical picture. Having a high heterogeneity and lacking pathognomonic features, very often the diagnosis poses a great challenge for the clinician. Several unusual clinical manifestations such as nasal septal perforation and digital gangrene can occur in LES patients. Case report. We report the case of a 42-year-old woman, known with SLE, hospitalized in our department for a clinical presentation consisting of a recent major epistaxis, physical asthenia and acral necrosis of the upper limbs. Physical examination revealed an afebrile patient, with a cushingoid facies, facial telangiectasias, and necrotic scars localized on the distal phalanges, bilaterally. A diagnostic nasal endoscopy showed a large septal perforation with the absence of the cartilaginous nasal septum. CT highlighted an extended defect at the level of the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum. Conclusion. Nasal septal perforation remains an underdiagnosed invalidating complication of lupus and treated and discovered early could have an important impact on the general health of an already burdened by disease patient.

scholarly journals Case of a Сombination of Lupus Erythematosus, Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Myocardial Infarction

Kardiologiia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
N. A. Kosheleva ◽  
N. M. Nikitina ◽  
E. U. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Wide Range

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations with damage to various organs and systems of the body. There are bad prognostic factors for SLE: damage to the heart, kidney, central nervous system, the development of hematological crises and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. A number of authors consider systemic lupus erythematosus a “new” risk factor for atherosclerosis. The overall risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with SLE is 10 times higher than in the general population. The article presents clinical case report of the development of myocardial infarction in a woman with SLE, receiving therapy for secondary antiphospholipid syndrome.

Młodzieńczy toczeń rumieniowaty układowy – opis przypadku

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Odzimkowska-Łata ◽  
Aleksandra Rybkowska ◽  
Edyta Olesińska
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Pediatric Diseases ◽  
Treatment Knowledge

Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune, chronic, multisystemic inflammatory disease with an unknown etiology. The average age of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) diagnosis is 11-14 years old, with a significant female predominance. Clinical manifestations of JSLE are extremely variable, from a relatively mild disease characterised by facial rash, joint pains, fever, fatigue, weight loss, alopecia and arthralgias to a severe life threatening illness.These and other symptoms of diffuse generalized inflammation including lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly occur both at onset and during disease flares.The authors present the case of a girl hospitalized in the Rheumatology Clinic due to fevers, skin lesions and haematological disorders. The diagnostic difficulty may have been the fact that the symptoms appear also in the course of many pediatric diseases. Finally, based on an in-depth medical history, physical examination and the results of immunological tests, they were recognized at the outset. Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus is a disease with a diverse clinical picture, therefore, early diagnosis is not easy, but it is necessary to implement effective treatment. Knowledge and experience of the spectrum of paediatric and adolescent disease is important as well as recognition of when features merit further investigation.

Altered Expression of TNF-α Signaling Pathway Proteins in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1658-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
LANG-JING ZHU ◽  
CAROLINA LANDOLT-MARTICORENA ◽  
TIMOTHY LI ◽  
XIAO YANG ◽  
XUE-QING YU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Tnf Α

Objective.To investigate the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2) and adapter proteins (TRADD, RIP, and TRAF2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.PBMC were isolated from 45 SLE patients and 25 controls, and stained with labeled antibodies that enabled identification of various T cell, B cell, and monocyte subpopulations. Expression of TNF-related signaling molecules was measured by staining with labeled antibodies either directly or following fixation and permeabilization. Apoptosis was quantified using an anti-active caspase 3 antibody. RNA expression of TNF-related signaling molecules was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and serum levels of TNF-α by ELISA.Results.SLE patients had increased levels of TNFR1, TNFR2, and TRAF2, together with decreased levels of RIP, on various B, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T cell subsets as compared to controls. This altered expression was seen in both naive and memory subpopulations, and reflected altered staining of the whole population rather than a subset of cells that were activated. The levels of these molecules were not significantly correlated with serum TNF-α levels or their RNA expression in whole peripheral blood. TNFR1 and TNFR2 expression was negatively correlated with disease activity. There was no association between the proportion of apoptotic cells in any of the subpopulations and serum TNF-α levels or expression of TNF-related signaling molecules.Conclusion.Patients with SLE had altered expression of TNF-related signaling molecules, suggesting that there may be an imbalance in TNF-α signaling favoring cellular activation as opposed to proapoptotic pathways.

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