scholarly journals Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Associated Disorders and Mechanisms of Action

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam De Coster ◽  
Nicolas van Larebeke
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Hair Dyes ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

The incidence and/or prevalence of health problems associated with endocrine-disruption have increased. Many chemicals have endocrine-disrupting properties, including bisphenol A, some organochlorines, polybrominated flame retardants, perfluorinated substances, alkylphenols, phthalates, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylphenols, solvents, and some household products including some cleaning products, air fresheners, hair dyes, cosmetics, and sunscreens. Even some metals were shown to have endocrine-disrupting properties. Many observations suggesting that endocrine disruptors do contribute to cancer, diabetes, obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and infertility are listed in this paper. An overview is presented of mechanisms contributing to endocrine disruption. Endocrine disruptors can act through classical nuclear receptors, but also through estrogen-related receptors, membrane-bound estrogen-receptors, and interaction with targets in the cytosol resulting in activation of the Src/Ras/Erk pathway or modulation of nitric oxide. In addition, changes in metabolism of endogenous hormones, cross-talk between genomic and nongenomic pathways, cross talk with estrogen receptors after binding on other receptors, interference with feedback regulation and neuroendocrine cells, changes in DNA methylation or histone modifications, and genomic instability by interference with the spindle figure can play a role. Also it was found that effects of receptor activation can differ in function of the ligand.

scholarly journals Hormone-Activated Estrogen Receptors in Annelid Invertebrates: Implications for Evolution and Endocrine Disruption

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 1731-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Keay ◽  
Joseph W. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
Estrogen Sensitivity ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Platynereis Dumerilii ◽  
Bilaterian Animal ◽  
Capitella Capitata ◽  
And Behavior

As the primary mediators of estrogen signaling in vertebrates, estrogen receptors (ERs) play crucial roles in reproduction, development, and behavior. They are also the major mediators of endocrine disruption by xenobiotic pollutants that mimic or block estrogen action. ERs that are sensitive to estrogen and endocrine disrupters have long been thought to be restricted to vertebrates: although there is evidence for estrogen signaling in invertebrates, the only ERs studied to date, from mollusks and cephalochordates, have been insensitive to estrogen and therefore incapable of mediating estrogen signaling or disruption. To determine whether estrogen sensitivity is ancestral or a unique characteristic of vertebrate ERs, we isolated and characterized ERs from two annelids, Platynereis dumerilii and Capitella capitata, because annelids are the sister phylum to mollusks and have been shown to produce and respond to estrogens. Functional assays show that annelid ERs specifically activate transcription in response to low estrogen concentrations and bind estrogen with high affinity. Furthermore, numerous known endocrine-disrupting chemicals activate or antagonize the annelid ER. This is the first report of a hormone-activated invertebrate ER. Our results indicate that estrogen signaling via the ER is as ancient as the ancestral bilaterian animal and corroborate the estrogen sensitivity of the ancestral steroid receptor. They suggest that the taxonomic scope of endocrine disruption by xenoestrogens may be very broad and reveal how functional diversity evolved in a gene family central to animal endocrinology.

scholarly journals ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS: BISPHENOL A AND ITS RELATION WITH OBESITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Wanderley Rodrigues Gonçalves de S Sá ◽  
Luciano Nunes de Sousa ◽  
Thyciara Fontenele Marques ◽  
Gabriel Pereira Bernardo ◽  
Lorena Pereira Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Signaling Mechanism ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Current Context

The prevalence of obesity is, worldwide, in wide intensification. This increase stimulates the search for new hypotheses that explain the genesis of the metabolic syndrome. This article seeks to clarify the obesogenic hypothesis of bisphenol A (BPA), based on its endocrine disrupting potential. Methodology: For the development of the present study, the Scopus and PubMed databases were used, from descriptors generated by the DeCS: Endocrine Disruptors; Foods; Obesity; Bisphenol A and its correspondents in English. Randomized and controlled trials were considered eligible, focusing on publications in English and Portuguese. The survey was conducted on April 11, 2017, with publications of the last five years being leaked. Based on this, 87 articles were obtained and, from the reading of the title and its abstracts, 26 publications were selected. After the complete reading of the 26 articles selected, 18 articles were obtained that served as a basis for this bibliographic review. Bisphenol A appears as an important agent that causes obesity in the contemporary world, interfering in the signaling mechanism of the endocrine system, being its high exposure linked to many of the habits present in the current context. Conclusion: Based on the possible consequences of bisphenol A, the reduction of human exposure to the compound should be considered. Based on this, alternatives to BPA in the production of industrial plastic polymers have to be considered since increased exposure to the endocrine disruptor is closely related to industrial production. Keywords: Endocrine Disruptors, Obesity, Bisphenol A

scholarly journals Endocrine disrupting chemicals: harmful substances and how to test them

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Olea-Serrano ◽  
Mariana F. Fernández-Cabrera ◽  
Rosa Pulgar-Encinas ◽  
Fátima Olea-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Dose Time ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Estimation Of Risk

This paper presents an analysis of the opinions of different groups from: scientists, international regulatory bodies, non-governmental organizations and industry; with an interest in the problem of identifying chemical substances with endocrine disrupting activity. There is also discussion of the consequences that exposure to endocrine disruptors may have for human health, considering concrete issues related to: the estimation of risk; the tests that must be used to detect endocrine disruption; the difficulties to establish an association between dose, time of exposure, individual susceptibility, and effect; and the attempts to create a census of endocrine disruptors. Finally, it is proposed that not all hormonal mimics should be included under the single generic denomination of endocrine disruptors.

Diet: A Source of Endocrine Disruptors

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Rashid ◽  
Saad S. Alqahtani ◽  
Saeed Alshahrani
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Background: Food is indispensable for human life and determines the health and wellbeing of the consumer. As food is the source of energy for humans, it also emerges as one of the most important sources of exposure to deleterious chemicals both natural and synthetic. The food exposed chemicals cause a number of detrimental health effects in humans, with endocrine disruption being of serious concern amongst these effects. Such chemicals disrupting the health of endocrine system are known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The food exposed EDCs need to be identified and classified to effectuate a cautious consumption of food by all and especially by vulnerable groups. Aim: The aim of the present review was to discuss food as a source of exposure to common endocrine disruptors in humans. This review presents the occurrence and levels of some of the critical endocrine disruptors exposed through frequently consumed diets. Methods: The major source of data was PubMed, besides other relevant publications. The focus was laid on data from the last five years, however significant earlier data was also considered. Conclusion: The food as a source of endocrine disruptors to humans cannot be neglected. It is highly imperative for the consumer to recognize food as a source of EDCs and make informed choices in the consumption of food items.

scholarly journals Cross-talk between endocrine-disrupting chemicals and cytokine signaling through estrogen receptors

2004 ◽  
Vol 315 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Sekine ◽  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
Taro Yumioka ◽  
Seiyu Imoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

scholarly journals Expression of Estrogenic Response Genes in Black Mollies (Poecilia Sphenops) Exposed to Pyrogenic Hydrocarbon and Petroleum from Campeche Sound

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurilio Lara-Flores . ◽  
Jaime Rendon von Osten Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Molecular Biomarker ◽  
Estrogenic Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Poecilia Sphenops ◽  
Vitellogenin Genes

The estrogenic effects of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC´s) in animals are not reversible and can reduce populations. Sensitive methods such Q-PCR have been used to determine changes in gene expression and thus predict the effects before they become irreversible. The present study was designed to detect the expression on the estrogen receptors and vitellogenin genes in the Black Mollies fish (Poecilia sphenops) exposed to pyrogenic hydrocarbon and petroleum from Campeche Sound. The results indicate that the expression of transcript of the estrogen receptor and vitellogenin indicates are potentially useful as molecular biomarker for detecting the presence of endocrine-disruption compounds in environment.

Regulation of angiotensin II receptors beyond the classical pathway

2012 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatsugu Horiuchi ◽  
Jun Iwanami ◽  
Masaki Mogi
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
At1 Receptor ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Classical Pathway ◽  
At2 Receptor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The RAS (renin–angiotensin system) plays a role not only in the cardiovascular system, including blood pressure regulation, but also in the central nervous system. AngII (angiotensin II) binds two major receptors: the AT1 receptor (AngII type 1 receptor) and AT2 receptor (AngII type 2 receptor). It has been recognized that AT2 receptor activation not only opposes AT1 receptor actions, but also has unique effects beyond inhibitory cross-talk with AT1 receptor signalling. Novel pathways beyond the classical actions of RAS, the ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)/AngII/AT1 receptor axis, have been highlighted: the ACE2/Ang-(1–7) [angiotensin-(1–7)]/Mas receptor axis as a new opposing axis against the ACE/AngII/AT1 receptor axis, novel AngII-receptor-interacting proteins and various AngII-receptor-activation mechanisms including dimer formation. ATRAP (AT1-receptor-associated protein) and ATIP (AT2-receptor-interacting protein) are well-characterized AngII-receptor-associated proteins. These proteins could regulate the functions of AngII receptors and thereby influence various pathophysiological states. Moreover, the possible cross-talk between PPAR (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor)-γ and AngII receptor subtypes is an intriguing issue to be addressed in order to understand the roles of RAS in the metabolic syndrome, and interestingly some ARBs (AT1-receptor blockers) have been reported to have an AT1-receptor-blocking action with a partial PPAR-γ agonistic effect. These emerging concepts concerning the regulation of AngII receptors are discussed in the present review.

scholarly journals Identification of California Condor Estrogen Receptors 1 and 2 and Their Activation by Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. 4448-4457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel G. Felton ◽  
Cynthia C. Steiner ◽  
Barbara S. Durrant ◽  
Duane H. Keisler ◽  
Matthew R. Milnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Recently, California condors (Gymnogyps californianus) have been reintroduced to coastal regions of California where they feed on marine mammal carcasses. There is evidence that coastal-dwelling condors experience reproductive issues, such as eggshell thinning, likely resulting from exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). To address this problem, we have identified and cloned condor estrogen receptors (ESRs) 1 and 2 and characterized their activation by EDCs present in the coastal habitats where condors reside. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites all activated ESR1 and ESR2, although their relative potency differed between the receptors. Bisphenol A, dieldrin, trans-nonachlor, and polychlorinated biphenyl 52 (PCB52) moderately activated both ESRs, whereas PCB138 and PCB153 stimulated little to no activation. Overall, EDC activation of condor ESR2, which is the first ESR2 cloned from a raptor species, was greater than that of ESR1. Significant activation of both condor ESRs by EDCs occurred at high concentrations (≥1μM), which are within the range of plasma levels of certain EDCs (eg, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [p'p-DDE]) in coastal-dwelling condors. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of ESRs of 41 avian species identified a single amino acid position in ESR2 under positive selection. Mutation of this amino acid affected receptor activation by EDCs, suggesting the identity of this amino acid may influence EDC sensitivity of avian species. Together, these findings broaden our understanding of EDC interactions with ESRs in avian species. For condors specifically, these data could be used to evaluate EDC exposure risk at future release sites to identify those least likely to compromise the continued recovery of this species.

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