scholarly journals Unilateral Trade Preferences in the EU: An Empirical Assessment for the Case of Mozambican Exports

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xavier Cirera ◽  
Andrea Alfieri
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Export Margins ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Trade Preferences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Unilateral trade preferences are one of the most important instruments offered by developed countries to foster developing country exports. This paper analyzes the impact of unilateral trade preferences on developing countries by focusing on the experience of Mozambique. In this paper, we analyze whether unilateral preferences offered by the EU are “valuable” for Mozambican exporters based on the impact on preferential margins, utilization rates, and export prices. We use a detailed dataset with cif unit values at HS8-digits level covering the period 2000–2007. Our findings indicate that (i) for a large number of product lines, export margins are zero; (ii) utilization rates are generally high; however, (iii) this does not translate into a positive price margins captured by Mozambican exporters compared to MFN competitors. These findings cast doubts on the “value” of preferences and their potential impact on developing country exports.

A Prima Facie Evidence on the Impact of Export Diversification on Relative Trade Preferential Margin

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 20160015
Author(s):  
Sena Kimm Gnangnon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Trade Preference ◽  
Trade Preferences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper assesses the impact of export diversification in developing countries and particularly Least developed countries (LDCs) on the relative preferential margin that they enjoy in accessing preference-granters’ market. The analysis is carried out in a gravity-type model comprising 19 developed countries and 54 beneficiaries of non-reciprocal trade preferences from these developed countries, over the period 2002–2007. The empirical analysis suggests a non-linear relationship between the degree of export diversification in developing countries and the relative preferential margin that they benefit from developed preference-granting countries. However, it appears that the latter encourage LDCs to diversify their export products by providing them with higher trade preference advantages compared to their competitors in their markets.

Patents, Technology Adaptation, and Exports to Developing Countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1850251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Patent Rights ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This paper conducts a disaggregated analysis of high technology trade to determine which high technology goods, if any, developed countries export in the presence of stronger developing country patent rights. One argument for implementing strong patent rights in developing countries is that doing so will attract high technology exports from industrialized countries, which should consequently lead to economic growth. However, the impact of patent rights on high technology exports is not identical across all industries. This paper postulates that the role of developing country patent rights in increasing high technology imports depends on the production and adaptation costs of foreign innovating firms, and the usefulness of the high technology good in developing country production processes. When the cost of adapting a foreign innovation for use in developing countries is relatively low, and when the innovation is highly useful in the domestic production processes of developing countries, strengthening patent protection has little impact on attracting foreign innovations. However, when the cost of adapting the good for use in developing countries is relatively high, patent protection can be used as a policy tool to limit competition, raise the price received by innovating firms, and, ultimately, attract foreign high technology goods from abroad.

Clothing's big bang: the impact of the end of the ATC on developing country clothing suppliers

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Curran
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Textiles And Clothing ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

PurposePrior to the liberalisation of the clothing and textiles sector under the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) fears had been expressed about the potential impact on developing country suppliers. This paper seeks to establish the actual impact of the liberalisation of the EU and US clothing markets.Design/methodology/approachComparison of trade figures pre and post liberalisation.FindingsThe paper finds that, as forecast, significant changes occurred in sourcing patterns in the EU almost overnight. The big winners were India and China. Almost all other developing countries lost market share, although often not as much as had been feared. The impact of the liberalisation was mitigated somewhat by the new quantitative restrictions negotiated with China half way through the year, which resulted in a redistribution of market share to other developing countries. Comparisons with the USA indicate that trends are rather similar, although on that market more developing countries saw increases in their exports, partly cancelling out losses in the EU.Originality/valueThis is believed to be the first attempt to assess the real world impact of the liberalisation of the clothing sector.

Perceptions of Legitimacy and Efficacy in International Environmental Management Standards: The Impact of the Participation Gap

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Summers Raines
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Iso 14001 ◽  
Management Standards ◽  
Management Standard ◽  
Iso 14000 ◽  
The Impact

What is the impact on perceptions of legitimacy and efficacy when key stake-holders are absent during the creation of international standards? Can these international standards setting bodies adequately address the needs of all countries when often working in the absence of developing countries? This study examines the process through which one international environmental management standard (ISO 14001) was created and analyzes its perceived legitimacy and efficacy among developing country stakeholders relative to those from developed countries. Data for this project come from interviews with 42 delegates to the ISO 14000 standards-drafting sessions in Malaysia and 133 surveys of ISO 14001 certified firms in 16 countries. The article concludes that stakeholder absence impacts both legitimacy and efficacy of ISO 14001 in interesting and unexpected ways.

scholarly journals Globalization Impact on Multinational Enterprises

World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-230
Author(s):  
Justine Kyove ◽  
Katerina Streltsova ◽  
Ufuoma Odibo ◽  
Giuseppe T. Cirella
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Excellent Starting Point ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact

The impact of globalization on multinational enterprises was examined from the years 1980 to 2020. A scoping literature review was conducted for a total of 141 articles. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed typologies were categorized and conclusions were drawn regarding the influence and performance (i.e., positive or negative effects) of globalization. Developed countries show more saturated markets than developing countries that favor developing country multinational enterprises to rely heavily on foreign sales for revenue growth. Developed country multinationals are likely to use more advanced factors of production to create revenue, whereas developing country multinationals are more likely to use less advanced forms. A number of common trends and issues showed corporate social responsibility, emerging markets, political issues, and economic matters as key to global market production. Recommendations signal a strong need for more research that addresses contributive effects in the different economies, starting with the emerging to the developed. Limitations of data availability and inconsistency posed a challenge for this review, yet the use of operationalization, techniques, and analyses from the business literature enabled this study to be an excellent starting point for additional work in the field.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sustainability Awareness and Moral Values on Environmental Laws

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5882
Author(s):  
Rita Yi Man Li ◽  
Yi Lut Li ◽  
M. James C. Crabbe ◽  
Otilia Manta ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
The Impact

We argue that environmental legislation and regulation of more developed countries reflects significantly their moral values, but in less developed countries it differs significantly from their moral values. We examined this topic by using the keywords “sustainability” and “sustainable development”, studying web pages and articles published between 1974 to 2018 in Web of Science, Scopus and Google. Australia, Zimbabwe, and Uganda were ranked as the top three countries in the number of Google searches for sustainability. The top five cities that appeared in sustainability searches through Google are all from Africa. In terms of academic publications, China, India, and Brazil record among the largest numbers of sustainability and sustainable development articles in Scopus. Six out of the ten top productive institutions publishing sustainable development articles indexed in Scopus were located in developing countries, indicating that developing countries are well aware of the issues surrounding sustainable development. Our results show that when environmental law reflects moral values for betterment, legal adoption is more likely to be successful, which usually happens in well-developed regions. In less-developed states, environmental law differs significantly from moral values, such that changes in moral values are necessary for successful legal implementation. Our study has important implications for the development of policies and cultures, together with the enforcement of environmental laws and regulations in all countries.

scholarly journals Taxing impact of terrorism on global economic openness of developed and developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-335
Author(s):  
Abubakr Saeed ◽  
Yuhua Ding ◽  
Shawkat Hammoudeh ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between terrorism and economic openness that takes into account both the number and intensity of terrorist incidents and the impact of government military expenditures on trade-GDP and foreign direct investment-GDP ratios for both developed and developing countries. It uses the dynamic GMM method to account for endogeneity in the variables. Deaths caused by terrorism have a significant negative impact on FDI flows, and the number of terrorist attacks is also found to be significant in hampering the countries’ ability to trade with other nations. The study also demonstrates that the developing countries exhibit almost similar results to our main analysis. The developed countries exhibit a negative impact of terrorism, but the regression results are not significant.

scholarly journals Stroke in Young in India

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjari Tripathi ◽  
Deepti Vibha
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Stroke In Young

Stroke in young has special significance in developing countries. This is so because some etiologies like cardioembolic infections are more common than in developed countries, and the affection of economically productive group adds further to the overall disease burden. The paper discusses the burden of stroke in young and its implications in a developing country like India along with an approach to identifying different causes that are known to occur in this age group.

scholarly journals Gender and feminist considerations in Artificial Intelligence from a developing-world perspective, with India as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANGHAMITRA CHOUDHURY ◽  
Shailendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation ◽  
And Robotics

<p>The relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world is discussed in this manuscript. Using India as a case study, the paper goes on to discuss how ontology and epistemology views utilised in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics will affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.</p>

scholarly journals Service Export Sensitivity to Internet Adoption: Evidence From Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Walid Chatti ◽  
Haitham Khoj
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Internet Adoption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Service Export

This study aims to examine the causal linkages relating service exports to internet penetration for 116 countries over the period 2000-2017. Taking into account a wide panel of countries, we apply 2-Step GMM methodology for dynamic panel data models. The results show a bi-directional causality relating service exports to internet adoption for developed countries. For the global panel and developing countries, we find those same results attest a positive relationship between the internet adoption and service exports, but in the opposite way; the impact is very low and not significant. Regarding developing countries, despite the fact that internet positively affects service exports, it is considered less efficient than in developed countries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document