scholarly journals Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Comito ◽  
Claudio Romano
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Pediatric Ibd

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract that occur in genetically susceptible individuals. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two major types of IBD. In about 20–25% of patients, disease onset is during childhood and pediatric IBD can be considered the best model for studying immunopathogentic mechanisms. The fundamentals of IBD pathogenesis are considered a defective innate immunity and bacterial killing with overaggressive adaptive immune response. A condition of “dysbiosis”, with alterations of the gut microbial composition, is regarded as the basis of IBD pathogenesis. The human gastrointestinal (GI) microbial population is a complex, dynamic ecosystem and consists of up to one thousand different bacterial species. In healthy individuals, intestinal microbiota have a symbiotic relationship with the host organism and carry out important metabolic, “barrier,” and immune functions. Microbial dysbiosis in IBD with lack of beneficial bacteria, together with genetic predisposition, is the most relevant conditions in the pathogenesis of the pediatric IBD.

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiota and inflammatory bowel diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 588-595
Author(s):  
Chang Soo Eun
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Mucosal Permeability ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
And Function

Background: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been rapidly increasing over the past several decades in Korea. IBD appears to be resulted from inappropriate and chronic activation of the mucosal immune system driven by stimuli such as intestinal microbiota and various environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals.Current Concepts: Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technology have identified alterations in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota in individuals with IBD. Dysbiosis in patients with IBD is characterized by decreased bacterial diversity combined with an expansion of putative aggressive species and a reduction in protective species. Altered microbial composition and function in IBD correlates with increased immune stimulation, epithelial dysfunction, or enhanced mucosal permeability. Thus, dysbiosis may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of IBD.Discussion and Conclusion: Although it is currently unclear whether dysbiosis is a cause or consequence of intestinal inflammation in IBD, several microbial-based and microbial-targeted therapies have yielded promising early results.

scholarly journals Effects of a Novel Probiotic Combination on Pathogenic Bacterial-Fungal Polymicrobial Biofilms

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Hager ◽  
Nancy Isham ◽  
Kory P. Schrom ◽  
Jyotsna Chandra ◽  
Thomas McCormick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

ABSTRACTDysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been implicated in inflammatory bowel diseases. We have shown that levels ofCandida tropicalis, along with those ofEscherichia coliandSerratia marcescens, are significantly elevated in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. Here, we evaluated the ability of a novel probiotic to prevent and treat polymicrobial biofilms (PMB) formed byC. tropicaliswithE. coliandS. marcescens. SinceCandida albicanshas been reported to be elevated in CD patients, we investigated the interactions ofC. albicanswith these bacterial species in biofilm formation. We determined whether the interaction betweenCandidaspp. and bacteria is specific by usingTrichosporon inkinandSaccharomyces fibuligeraas comparators. Additionally, the effects of probiotics onC. albicansgermination and biofilm formation were determined. To determine the ability of the probiotic to prevent or treat mature biofilms, probiotic filtrate was added to the PMB at early (prevention) and mature (treatment) phases. Biofilm thickness and architecture were assessed by confocal scanning laser microscopy. The effects of the probiotic on germination were evaluated in the presence of serum. Exposure ofC. tropicalisPMB to probiotic filtrate reduced biofilm matrix, decreased thickness, and inhibited hyphal formation. We showed thatC. albicansorC. tropicalisformed significantly thicker PMB than control biofilms, indicating that this interaction isCandidaspecific. Treatment with probiotic filtrate inhibitedC. albicansgermination and prevented/treatedC. albicansPMB. The designed probiotic may have utility in the management of biofilm-associated gastrointestinal diseases such as Crohn’s and colorectal cancer.IMPORTANCEThe effects of diversity of the gut microbiome on inflammation have centered mainly on bacterial flora. Recent research has implicated fungal species and their interactions with other organisms in the inflammatory process. New ways to restore microbial balance in the gut are being explored. Our goal was to identify beneficial probiotic strains that would antagonize these fungal and bacterial pathogens that are elevated in the inflamed gut, and which also have antibiofilm activity. Fungus-bacterium correlation analysis allowed us to identify candidate probiotic species that can antagonize microbial pathogens, which we subsequently incorporated into a novel probiotic formulation. Amylase, which is known to have some antibiofilm activity, was also added to the probiotic mixture. This novel probiotic may have utility for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases by disrupting polymicrobial biofilm formation.

P157 THE ASSOCIATION STUDY BETWEEN HLA GENOTYPE AND MUCOSAL MICROBIAL COMPOSITION IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. S105
Author(s):  
Atsushi Hirano ◽  
Hiroki Shibata ◽  
Yoichi Kakuta ◽  
Masao Nagasaki ◽  
Katsushi Tokunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Hla Genotype

scholarly journals Molecular and Pathophysiological Links between Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9139
Author(s):  
Chang-Kee Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Intestinal Immune System ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Despite considerable epidemiological evidence indicating comorbidity between metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as common pathophysiological features shared by these two categories of diseases, the relationship between their pathogenesis at molecular levels are not well described. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a characteristic pathological feature of IBD, which also plays causal roles in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory metabolic disorders. Increased intestinal permeability is associated with a pro-inflammatory response of the intestinal immune system, possibly leading to the development of both diseases. In addition, dysregulated interactions between the gut microbiota and the host immunity have been found to contribute to immune-mediated disorders including the two diseases. In connection with disrupted gut microbial composition, alterations in gut microbiota-derived metabolites have also been shown to be closely related to the pathogeneses of both diseases. Focusing on these prominent pathophysiological features observed in both metabolic disorders and IBD, this review highlights and summarizes the molecular risk factors that may link between the pathogeneses of the two diseases, which is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying their comorbidity.

P157 THE ASSOCIATION STUDY BETWEEN HLA GENOTYPE AND MUCOSAL MICROBIAL COMPOSITION IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S72-S72
Author(s):  
Atsushi Hirano ◽  
Hiroki Shibata ◽  
Yoichi Kakuta ◽  
Masao Nagasaki ◽  
Katsushi Tokunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Hla Genotype

scholarly journals The Bowel Microbiota and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald W. Tannock
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Bowel Mucosa ◽  
Microbiological Research

The human bowel contains a large and biodiverse bacterial community known as the microbiota or microbiome. It seems likely that the microbiota, fractions of the microbiota, or specific species comprising the microbiota provide the antigenic fuel that drives the chronic immune inflammation of the bowel mucosa that is characteristic of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. At least twenty years of microbiological research have been expended on analysis of the composition of the bowel microbiota of inflammatory bowel disease patients in comparison to that of control subjects. Despite extensive speculations about the aetiological role of dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases, knowledge that can be easily translated into effective remedies for patients has not eventuated. The causes of this failure may be due to poorly defined and executed bacteriological studies, as well as the overwhelming complexity of a biome that contains hundreds of bacterial species and trillions of bacterial cells.

Evolving role of diet in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

Gut ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1726-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Levine ◽  
Rotem Sigall Boneh ◽  
Eytan Wine
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Biologic Therapy ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Exclusive Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Recent advances in basic and clinical science over the last 3 years have dramatically altered our appreciation of the role of diet in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The marked increase in incidence of these diseases along with the important role of non-genetic susceptibility among patients with IBD has highlighted that these diseases have a strong environmental component. Progress in the field of microbiome and IBD has demonstrated that microbiome appears to play an important role in pathogenesis, and that diet may in turn impact the composition and functionality of the microbiome. Uncontrolled clinical studies have demonstrated that various dietary therapies such as exclusive enteral nutrition and newly developed exclusion diets might be potent tools for induction of remission at disease onset, for patients failing biologic therapy, as a treatment for disease complications and in reducing the need for surgery. We review these advances from bench to bedside, along with the need for better clinical trials to support these interventions.

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