scholarly journals Ovarian Follicular Atresia of Ewes during Spring Puerperium

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Radoslava Vlčková ◽  
Drahomíra Sopková ◽  
Ján Pošivák ◽  
Igor Valocký
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Atresia ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Ovarian Surface ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Theca Interna ◽  
Follicular Cysts

The distribution of healthy and atretic follicles on the ovarian surface of improved Valachian ewes 17, 24, and 32 days postpartum is reported in this study. The number of healthy follicles was higher on day 24 postpartum and their mean diameter tended to increase to day 32 (P<0.05) with the greatest diameter of 5 mm. 78–81% of atretic follicles ≥3 mm in diameter was observed where apoptosis began in the follicular cells situated at the follicular cavity. The early atretic follicles are characterized by the presence of mitotic pictures. In one ewe 24 days postpartum, small regressive follicular cysts were observed. Contracting atresia is characterized by thickening of the theca interna even to 190 μm. Progesterone and oestradiol-17βconcentrations were maintained at relatively low levels, but with no significant difference between the days postpartum.

scholarly journals 206.Cell death of the theca interna during bovine ovarian follicular atresia

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
L. J. Clark ◽  
H. F. Irving-Rodgers ◽  
A. M. Dharmarajan ◽  
R. J. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Follicular Atresia ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Chain Cleavage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Steroidogenic Cells ◽  
Theca Interna

It is generally accepted that death of cells within the theca interna occurs late during ovarian follicular atresia. Histological classifications of atresia are usually based solely upon the morphology of the membrana granulosa. Atresia of bovine antral follicles less than 5 mm in diameter has been redefined as either antral or basal atresia depending on where in the membrana granulosa cell death is initiated. The aim of present study was to investigate changes within the theca interna during both antral and basal atresia. Bovine ovaries were collected and processed for light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Each follicle less then 5 mm was classified as either healthy, antral atretic or basal atretic, with antral atresia being further classified either early-mid or late stage. Sections were labelled by TUNEL to identify dead cells combined with lectin from Bandeiraea simplificifolia to identify endothelial cells or with an antibody to cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage to identify steroidogenic cells. The numerical density of steroidogenic cells within the theca interna was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in basal atretic follicles compared to healthy and antral atretic follicles. In both antral and basal atresia there was death of endothelial cells and steroidogenic cells. However cell death was greater in endothelial cells (P < 0.05) and steroidogenic cells (P < 0.001) of the theca interna of basal atretic follicles. There was no significant difference in the amount of cell death in the membrana granulosa between early-mid antral atresia and basal atresia while death of the membrana granulosa was significantly increased in late antral atresia compared to basal atresia (P < 0.01). Therefore we conclude that basal atresia is not a progression of antral atresia and that the theca interna can be susceptible to cell death early in atresia in basal atretic follicles.

Contribution of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Determining Lumpectomy Cavity in Breast Radiotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 997-1003
Author(s):  
Ozlem Demircioglu ◽  
Huseyin Tepetam ◽  
Ayfer Ay Eren ◽  
Zerrin Ozgen ◽  
Fatih Demircioglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Radiotherapy Planning ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Breast Radiotherapy ◽  
Lumpectomy Cavity ◽  
Breast Cancer Radiotherapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Ct And Mri

Background: Accurate localization of the lumpectomy cavity is important for breast cancer radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery (BCS), but the LC localization based on CT is often difficult to delineate accurately. The study aimed to compare CT-defined LC planning to MRI-defined findings in the supine position for higher soft-tissue resolution of MRI. Methods: Fifty-nine breast cancer patients underwent radiotherapy CT planning in supine position followed by MR imaging on the same day. LC was contoured by the radiologist and radiation oncologist together by CT and MRI separately. T2 weighted MR images and tomography findings were combined and the LC volume, mean diameter and the longest axis length were measured after contouring. Subsequently, patients were divided into two groups according to seroma in LC and the above-mentioned parameters were compared. Results: We did not find any statistically significant difference in the LC volume, mean diameter and length at the longest axis between CT and MRI but based on the presence or absence of seroma, statistically significant differences were found in the LC volumes and the length at the longest axis of LC volumes. Conclusion: We believe that the supine MRI in the same position with CT will be more effective for radiotherapy planning, particularly in patients without a seroma in the surgical cavity.

Efficiency of diffusion-weighted MRI for differentiating radiologically similar simple and type I hydatid cysts of the liver

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512098813
Author(s):  
Ilyas Dundar ◽  
Mesut Ozgokce ◽  
Fatma Durmaz ◽  
Sercan Ozkacmaz ◽  
Saim Turkoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Liver Cysts ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Hepatic Lesions

Background Determining the nature of purely cystic hepatic lesions is essential because different kinds have different follow-ups, treatment options, and complications. Purpose To explore the potential of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for the differentiation of type I hydatid cysts (HC) and simple liver cysts (SLC), which have similar radiological appearances. Material and Methods This single-center prospective study was conducted during 2016–2019. Round, homogenous, anechoic liver cysts >1 cm were classified according to at least two years of imaging follow-up, radiological features, serology, as well as puncture aspiration injection reaspiration procedure and pathology results. ADC values of 95 cysts (50 type I HCs and 45 SLCs) were calculated on DWI. The differences in ADC values were analyzed by independent t-test. Results Of 51 patients, 28 were female, 23 were male (mean age 32.07 ± 22.95 years; age range 5–82 years). Mean diameter of 45 SLCs was 2.59 ± 1.23 cm (range 1.2–7.6 cm) and ADCmean value was 3.03 ± 0.47 (range 2.64–5.85) while mean diameter of 50 type I HCs was 7.49 ± 2.95 cm (range 2.8–14 cm) and ADCmean value was 2.99 ± 0.29 (range 2.36–3.83). There was no statistically significant difference in ADC values between type I HCs and SLCs Conclusion Some studies report that ADC values of type I HCs are statistically significantly lower than those of SLCs. Others suggest no significant difference. In our study with a higher number of cases, using ADC parameters similar to those in previous studies, we did not find any statistically significant difference.

scholarly journals Histochemical and morphological features of biopsied and stripped oocytes from the Brazilian endangered teleost pirapitinga, Brycon nattereri (Characiformes)

Zygote ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre N. Maria ◽  
Laura H. Orfão ◽  
Elizete Rizzo ◽  
Alexandre Ninhaus-Silveira ◽  
Ana T.M. Viveiros
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Animal Pole ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Zona Radiata ◽  
Oocyte Morphology ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharides ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Pore Canals ◽  
Scanning Electron

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to characterize biopsied and stripped oocytes from the Brazilian endangered teleost pirapitinga (Brycon nattereri) using histochemical and morphological analyses. Biopsied oocytes had a mean diameter of 2.225 mm (modal diameter: 2.312 mm), complete vitellogenesis and a central or slightly eccentric nucleus. Neutral polysaccharides were detected in the follicular cells, zona radiata and yolk globules, while acidic polysaccharides were detected in the follicular cells and cortical alveoli. Ten out of the 19 females treated with two doses of carp pituitary extract (cPE) released oocytes, which were also analysed. Stripping occurred 292 ± 39 degree-hours after the second dose of cPE and led to a mean spawning weight of 36.2 g, 10% spawning index, 241 oocytes/g of ova, 8222 oocytes/female and 23 oocytes/g of body weight. Stripped oocytes had a mean diameter of 2.33 mm and a mode at 2.375 mm, were weakly adhesive and coloration ranged from wine to brown. Under scanning electron microscopy, stripped oocytes exhibited a single funnel-shaped micropyle located at the animal pole and a zona radiata that measured 7.7 μm in thickness with eight pore canals/μm2. Oocyte morphology in Brycon nattereri is similar to that found in other species of the genus, except for the larger size and weaker adhesiveness. These findings provide essential information for a better understanding of the reproductive biology of B. nattereri and the establishment of conservation measures for this threatened species.

scholarly journals Comparison between Steiner cephalometric and modified Andrews photometric method for assessing antero-posterior position of the maxillary central incisors.

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 670-675
Author(s):  
Predrag Vucinic ◽  
Djordje Petrovic ◽  
Stojan Ivic ◽  
Sanja Vujkov
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Line ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Tooth Position ◽  
Facial Esthetics ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Posterior Position

Introduction/Objective. Maxillary incisors, when exposed during smile, are one of the most important facial features. In an attempt to overcome limitations of standard cephalometric methods, Andrews described an approach to determine ideal anteroposterior (AP) position of maxillary central incisors in smiling profile in relation to the forehead. We compared traditional Steiner cephalometric method, using surrounding skeletal landmarks, to the method proposed by Andrews, with the aim of determining whether distant but very noticeable craniofacial structures can affect our impression of tooth position. Methods. The study comprised 90 randomly selected lateral cephalograms, divided into three groups according to maxillary central incisors AP position according to Steiner cephalometric norms. The AP relationship of the maxillary central incisors was measured as a perpendicular distance from facial axis point to the nasion A line and to the vertical line through forehead facial axis point respectively. Student?s t-test and Pearson?s correlation were used to compare tested variables. Results. There was statistically significant difference between two methods (p = 0.01108). According to the Steiner method 46.67% subjects had retrusive incisors and 53.33% subjects had protrusion. Andrews?s method showed different results; 35.56% subjects had retrusion, while 64.4% had protrusion. Conclusion. The method proposed by Andrews showed consistently more protrusion than the traditional cephalometric method according to Steiner. Slightly retruded position of maxillary central incisors according to Steiner analysis does not always imply poor facial esthetics, if they have favorable position to the forehead. Low levels of correlation indicate that we should never rely on just one set of parameters.

scholarly journals The Loneliness of Older Adults Associated with Various Types of Thai Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 207-221
Author(s):  
Chutamas Phuangcharoen ◽  
◽  
Sawitri Thayansin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Family Activities ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Generation Family ◽  
Low Levels

The structures of Thai families have changed, and therefore increased the number of factors negatively affecting older adults. The most common is loneliness, which affects older adults and is closely related to mental state. The purpose of this research was to analyze and compare the level of loneliness of older adults in different family types and study the differences between personal factors, family factors, and social factors of the older adults toward the loneliness of the older adults within a variety of family types. The population was 346 older adults aged 60 years and over. The analysis found that 76% of older adults in the study have low levels of loneliness. The older adults in different family types had a statistically significant difference level of loneliness. The older adults who lived alone had a higher level of loneliness than others. Factors related to the moderate level of loneliness among the older adults within different family types were not participating in family activities of a parent-child family and income inadequacy in a three-generation family. The outcome of this research could be used to promote and improve care for older adults to reduce and prevent loneliness based on their specific family types.

Mycotoxins in organically versus conventionally produced cereal grains and some other crops in temperate regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Brodal ◽  
I.S. Hofgaard ◽  
G.S. Eriksen ◽  
A. Bernhoft ◽  
L. Sundheim
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apple Products ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference

This paper presents peer-reviewed studies comparing the content of deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2+T-2 toxins, zearalenone (ZEA), nivalenol (NIV), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins in cereal grains, and patulin (PAT) in apple and apple-based products, produced in organically and conventionally grown crops in temperate regions. Some of the studies are based on data from controlled field trials, however, most are farm surveys and some are food basket surveys. Almost half of the studies focused on DON in cereals. The majority of these studies found no significant difference in DON content in grain from the two farming systems, but several studies showed lower DON content in organically than in conventionally produced cereals. A number of the investigations reported low DON levels in grain, far below the EU limits for food. Many authors suggested that weather conditions, years, locations, tillage practice and crop rotation are more important for the development of DON than the type of farming. Organically produced oats contained mainly lower levels of HT-2+T-2 toxins than conventionally produced oats. Most studies on ZEA reported no differences between farming systems, or lower concentrations in organically produced grain. For the other mycotoxins in cereals, mainly low levels and no differences between the two farming systems were reported. Some studies showed higher PAT contamination in organically than in conventionally produced apple and apple products. The difference may be due to more efficient disease control in conventional orchards. It cannot be concluded that any of the two farming systems increases the risk of mycotoxin contamination. Despite no use of fungicides, an organic system appears generally able to maintain mycotoxin contamination at low levels. More systematic comparisons from scientifically controlled field trials and surveys are needed to clarify if there are differences in the risk of mycotoxin contamination between organically and conventionally produced crops.

scholarly journals Patterns in the Parathyroid Response to Sodium Bicarbonate Infusion Test in Healthy Volunteers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodossis S. Papavramidis ◽  
Olympia E. Anastasiou ◽  
Ioannis Pliakos ◽  
Nick Michalopoulos ◽  
Mike Polyzonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Infusion Test ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Bicarbonate Infusion ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate Infusion

Background. The sodium bicarbonate infusion test evaluates the function of the parathyroid glands. The present study aims to evaluate the range of parathyroid response in healthy individuals and the potential influence of various factors.Methods. Fifty healthy volunteers were subjected to the test. Levels of vitamin D, calcium, albumin, and PTH were measured before infusion. PTH was measured at 3, 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes after infusion.Results. A curve describing the response of parathyroids to the test was drawn. Twenty percent of the subjects had blunted PTH response. No significant difference was observed between normal and blunted responders concerning age, BMI, baseline PTH, or calcium levels. Nonetheless, there was a significant difference in vitamin D levels (P=0.024).Interpretation. The test is easy to perform and may be used for everyday screening. It has to be clarified whether our observations are, at least partly, produced due to the presence of individuals with a constitutively blunted response or if low levels of vitamin D decrease the ability of the parathyroids to respond. Whichever the case, PTH response of normal individuals to sodium bicarbonate infusion test is more varied than previously thought and vitamin D levels influence it.

scholarly journals Regression Correction Equation to Adjust Serum Iron and Ferritin Concentrations Based on C-Reactive Protein and Albumin in Patients Receiving Primary and Secondary Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T McSorley ◽  
Alexander Tham ◽  
Iain Jones ◽  
Dinesh Talwar ◽  
Donald C McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT Background Systemic inflammation, even at low levels, can greatly interfere with measures of iron status, making diagnosis of iron deficiency difficult. The objective of the present study was to create linear regression correction equations to adjust serum ferritin and iron concentrations based on measurements of the acute-phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin. Methods Data from a cohort (1) of patients (n = 7226) in primary and secondary care who had serum ferritin, iron, CRP, and albumin measured at the same time point were examined. Linear regression coefficients were calculated for CRP and albumin with serum iron and ferritin as the outcome variables. Patients with ferritin <15 µg/L or serum iron <10 µmol/L were categorized as iron deficient. The equation was then applied to a cohort (2) of patients with colorectal cancer who had ferritin and iron measured preoperatively ( n = 356). Results In cohort 1 there was a significant difference in the proportions of patients with serum ferritin <15 µg/L and serum iron <10 µmol/L, respectively, when the unadjusted (7% and 55%), adjusted based on CRP alone (13% and 26%), adjusted based on albumin alone (11% and 37%), and adjusted based on both CRP and albumin (24% and 15%) values were compared (both P < 0.001). In cohort 2 there was a significant difference in the proportions of patients with serum ferritin <15 µg/L and serum iron <10 µmol/L, respectively, when the unadjusted (28% and 66%), adjusted based on CRP alone (39% and 57%), adjusted based on albumin alone (39% and 59%), and adjusted based on both CRP and albumin (46% and 44%) values were compared (P < 0.001 and P < 0.004). Conclusions In both cohorts the greatest increase in the proportion of patients meeting definitions of iron deficiency was found when adjustment was made for both CRP and albumin together. Even low levels of inflammation had a significant effect on serum iron and ferritin values.

scholarly journals Haptoglobin and Free Haemoglobin during Cardiac Surgery—is there a Link to Acute Kidney Injury?

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Wetz ◽  
E. M. Richardt ◽  
H. Schotola ◽  
M. Bauer ◽  
A. Bräuer
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation ◽  
Free Haemoglobin ◽  
Low Levels

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently observed after cardiac surgery (CS) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Multiple mechanisms underlie this phenomenon, including CPB-dependent haemolysis. Haemoglobin is released during haemolysis, and free haemoglobin (frHb) causes tubular cell injury after exceeding the binding capacity of haptoglobin (Hp). The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of perioperative changes in frHb and Hp levels on the incidence of CS-associated (CSA) AKI. After receiving local ethics committee approval and obtaining informed consent from our patients, we analysed the data pertaining to 154 patients undergoing CPB surgery. We recorded frHb and Hp concentrations pre-, intra- and postoperatively and defined AKI using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification. We observed that frHb levels increased significantly during surgery and then decreased at ten hours thereafter and that Hp levels decreased during surgery and remained at low levels until the first postoperative day. We noted a moderate negative correlation between frHb and Hp levels. AKI was identified in 45.5% of patients; however, there was no significant difference in frHb or Hp levels between patients with and without AKI. We did not observe a relationship between frHb or Hp levels and CSA AKI and thus could not confirm the hypothesis that patients with higher baseline Hp concentrations experience a lower incidence of AKI than patients with lower baseline Hp concentrations.

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