scholarly journals Evaluation of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ExposedIn Vitroto Neonicotinoid Insecticides News

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Elena Calderón-Segura ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Arroyo ◽  
Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini ◽  
Carmen Martínez-Valenzuela ◽  
Yolanda Carbajal-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Calypso (thiacloprid), Poncho (clothianidin), Gaucho (imidacloprid), and Jade (imidacloprid) are commercial neonicotinoid insecticides, a new class of agrochemicals in México. However, genotoxic and cytotoxic studies have not been performed. In the present study, human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were exposedin vitroto different concentrations of the four insecticides. The genotoxic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated using the alkaline comet and trypan blue dye exclusion assays. DNA damage was evaluated using two genotoxicity parameters: tail length and comet frequency. Exposure to9.5×10-6to5.7×10-5 M Jade;2.8×10-4to1.7×10-3 M Gaucho;0.6×10-1to1.4×10-1 M Calypso;1.2×10-1to9.5×10-1 M Poncho for 2 h induced a significant increase DNA damage with a concentration-dependent relationship. Jade was the most genotoxic of the four insecticides studied. Cytotoxicity was observed in cells exposed to18×10-3 M Jade,2.0×10-3 M Gaucho,2.0×10-1 M Calypso, 1.07 M Poncho, and cell death occurred at30×10-3 M Jade,3.3×10-3 M Gaucho,2.8×10-1 M Calypso, and 1.42 M Poncho. This study provides the first report of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in PBL followingin vitroexposure to commercial neonicotinoid insecticides.

Genotoxicity induced by pesticide mixtures: in-vitro studies on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
PP Das ◽  
AP Shaik ◽  
K Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Pesticide Mixtures ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

To assess the damage caused by pesticides and their mixtures on humans, we designed in-vitro experiments to evaluate their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Three equimolar pesticide mixtures were investigated for their capability to affect cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The LC50 values for cytotoxicity, using standard trypan blue dye exclusion and calculated by probit analysis, were 4.18, 5.76, and 7.5 μM for endosulfan, carbofuran, and monocrotophos, respectively. When combined in equimolar concentrations, the LC50 values for cytotoxicity were 0.7, 0.9, and 1.0 μM for monocrotophos + carbofuran, endosulfan + monocrotophos, and endosulfan + carbofuran, respectively, using the method. DNA damage was estimated using chromosomal aberrations (chromatid breaks, fragments, gaps, aneuploidy, and satellite association) and comet assays using 1/10 of the LC50 concentrations. Using a standard alkaline comet assay procedure, high concentrations of individual pesticides (0.5–4.0 μM) caused significant DNA damage as indicated by visible tail lengths. Lower concentrations (0.05–0.5 μM) of their binary mixtures could cause the same effect. The results suggest that analysis of genotoxicity may serve as an important biomarker for occupational and household exposure to pesticides, especially mixtures of pesticides, with different modes of action.

Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of flumetralin in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1927-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşe Yavuz Kocaman ◽  
Sevcan Bucak
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Human Pbls

Flumetralin, a synthetic plant growth regulator with herbicidal activity belonging to the 2,6-dinitroaniline class of chemicals, has been evaluated for its ability to induce genotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The potential genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of flumetralin were investigated in vitro by chromosome aberration (CA) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays. Human PBLs were treated with 125, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/mL flumetralin for 24 and 48 h. Flumetralin statistically significantly increased the frequency of structural CAs at the three highest concentrations (250, 500, and 1000 µg/mL) for both treatment periods (24 and 48 h) when compared with both the negative and solvent controls. In addition, micronucleus formation was significantly induced at higher concentrations (250, 500, and 1000 µg/mL) for 24 h and at 125 and 500 µg/mL of flumetralin for the 48-h treatment period compared with the controls. Because of the excessive cytostatic effects of flumetralin, binuclear cells could not be detected sufficiently at the highest two concentrations (500 and 1000 µg/mL) for the 48-h treatment period. Furthermore, flumetralin significantly decreased the mitotic index and nuclear division index for all concentrations and treatment times compared with the control groups. The present results indicate that flumetralin was clastogenic and cytotoxic/cytostatic to human PBLs. This study presents the first report of the genotoxic and cytotoxic properties of flumetralin.

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