scholarly journals Tuning Metamaterials for Applications at DUV Wavelengths

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrew Estroff ◽  
Bruce W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Negative Refractive Index ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Interference Lithography ◽  
Structured Materials ◽  
Kretschmann Configuration ◽  
Tunable Metamaterial ◽  
Recent Attention ◽  
Selection Of

The unique properties of metamaterials, namely, their negative refractive index, permittivity, or permeability, have gained much recent attention. Research into these materials has led to the realization of a host of applications that may be useful to enhance optical nanolithography. A selection of materials has been examined both experimentally and theoretically to verify their support of surface plasmons, or lack thereof, in the DUV spectrum via the attenuated total reflection (ATR) method using the Kretschmann configuration. At DUV wavelengths, materials that were previously useful at mid-UV and longer wavelengths no longer act as metamaterials. Structured materials comprised of alternating layers of aluminum and aluminum oxide (Al2O3), as well as some other absorption-free dielectrics, exhibit metamaterial behavior, as do some elemental materials such as aluminum. These elemental and structured materials exhibit the best properties for use in plasmonic nanolithographic applications. Therefore, a simulator was created to examine material and thickness combinations to generate a tunable metamaterial for use in the DUV. A method for performing plasmonic interference lithography with this metamaterial has been proposed, with calculations showing the potential for half-pitch imaging resolution of 25 nm.

Analysis of Captan on Nitrile Glove Surfaces Using a Portable Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 724-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Phalen ◽  
Shane S. Que Hee
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Ftir Spectrometer ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Solvent Volume

This study developed a method to produce uniform captan surface films on a disposable nitrile glove for quantitation with a portable attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometer. A permeation test was performed using aqueous captan formulation. Uniform captan surface films were produced using solvent casting with 2-propanol and a 25 mm filter holder connected to a vacuum manifold to control solvent evaporation. The coefficient of variation of the reflectance at 1735 ± 5 cm−1 was minimized by selection of the optimum solvent volume, airflow rate, and evaporation time. At room temperature, the lower to upper quantifiable limits were 0.31–20.7 μg/cm2 ( r = 0.9967; p ≤ 0.05) for the outer glove surface and 0.55–17.5 μg/cm2 ( r = 0.9409; p ≤ 0.05) for the inner surface. Relative humidity and temperature did not affect the uncoated gloves at the wavelength of captan analysis. Glove screening using ATR-FTIR was necessary as a control for between-glove variation. Captan permeation, after 8 hours exposure to an aqueous concentration of 217 mg/mL of Captan 50-WP, was detected at 0.8 ± 0.3 μg/cm2 on the inner glove surface. ATR-FTIR can detect captan permeation and can determine the protectiveness of this glove in the field.

NANOSTRUCTURED LB FILMS AND EMISSION LIGHT DUE TO MULTIPLE SURFACE PLASMON EXCITATIONS IN THE KRETSCHMANN CONFIGURATION

2002 ◽  
Vol 01 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
FUTAO KANEKO ◽  
MITSURU TERAKADO ◽  
TOSHIHARU SATO ◽  
HIROTSUGI HATAKEYAMA ◽  
WATARU SAITO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
Lb Films ◽  
Langmuir Blodgett ◽  
Kretschmann Configuration ◽  
Direct Irradiation ◽  
Emission Light

Surface plasmon (SP) excitations have been investigated in the attenuated total reflection (ATR) Kretschmann configuration of prism/metal/Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films containing dyes. The emission light through the prism was observed using direct irradiation of a laser beam from air to the LB films, i.e., reverse irradiation. The emission intensities depend on the emission angles through the prism, nanostructure of metal and LB films, dye molecules, separation between metal and dye molecules, interactions of dye molecules, etc. The spectra is strongly depended on the emission angles, and the emission light was caused by multiple SP excitations. Nanostructured devices of LB films using SP excitations are described.

scholarly journals Using Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Apparatus to Investigate the Temperature Dependent Dielectric Properties of Water, Ice, and Tissue-Representative Fats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan Vilagosh ◽  
Alireza Lajevardipour ◽  
Dominique Appadoo ◽  
Saulius Juodkazis ◽  
Andrew Wood
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Minimal Sample ◽  
Emulsified Water

A novel method of investigating the temperature dependent variation of aspects of the complex refractive index n* in samples in the THz range using continuous, non-polarised, synchrotron radiation is presented. The method relies on the use of ATR apparatus, and retains the advantage of minimal sample preparation, which is a feature of ATR techniques. The method demonstrates the viability of rapidly monitoring temperature reflectance whilst continuously heating or cooling samples by using a temperature variable Thermal Sample Stage. The method remains useful when the refractive index of the sample precludes attenuated total reflection study. This is demonstrated with the water reflectance experiments. The temperature dependent ATR reflectance of tissue-representative fats (lard and Lurpak® butter) was investigated with the novel approach. Both are within the ATR range of the diamond crystal in a “true” ATR mode. Lard showed no clear temperature variation between -15 0C and 24 0C at 0.7 to 1.15 THz or 1.70 to 2.25 THz. Lard can be regarded as having invariable, constant, dielectric properties within mixtures when biological substances are being assessed for temperature dependent dielectric variation within the stated THz ranges. Lurpak® butter (water content 14.7%) displayed temperature dependent reflectance features with a steady decline in reflectivity with increasing temperature. This is in line with the temperature-dependent behaviour of liquid water. There is no rapid change in reflectance, even at -20 0C, suggesting that emulsified water retains liquid-water-like THz properties at freezing temperatures.

Used Surface Plasma Wave Measure the Thickness and the Negative Permittivity of Nanometal Film

2013 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 971-974
Author(s):  
Rong Jiang ◽  
Zhi Xun Huang ◽  
Nai Cheng Shen ◽  
Xin Meng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Wave ◽  
Plasma Waves ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Surface Plasma ◽  
Kretschmann Configuration ◽  
Surface Plasma Waves ◽  
Wave Measure

In this paper we used He-Ne laser with 632.8nm and prism with aurum film to do the experiment, used Kretschmann configuration excite the surface plasma waves (SPW) on the prism with aurum film,and measure the attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectrum. The thickness of the nanofilm and the negative permittivity of the aurum were obtained.

Absolute Absorption Intensity and Dispersion Measurements on Some Organic Liquids in the Infrared

1980 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Goplen ◽  
D. G. Cameron ◽  
R. N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Absorption Intensity ◽  
Transmission Measurements ◽  
Infrared Absorption Spectra

The infrared absorption spectra and corresponding dispersion spectra of the following liquids have been measured over the range 4200 to 250 cm−1: cyclo-C5H10, CH3·NO2, CH3·CN, CH2Br2, CH2Cl2, CBrCl3, CCl4, C6H6, C6H5·CH3, C6H5Cl, C6H5Br, C6H5I, and C6F6. The spectra were measured in the absence of solvent and the results are reported as the real and imaginary components of the complex refractive index ( n, k). The experimental technique combines transmission measurements through thin films and attenuated total reflection measurements by a method which has been described previously. The complete spectral and dispersion curves are displayed graphically; the absorption maxima are tabulated as absorption indices ( kmax) and as molar absorption coefficients (εmax). The dispersion extrema ( nmin, nmax) are also listed and the experimental uncertainties in these quantities are evaluated. Provision is made to supply the complete optical constant data on magnetic tape at encoded intervals of 0.5 cm−1.

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