scholarly journals Ameliorative Effects of Scopoletin fromCrossostephium chinensisagainst Inflammation Pain and Its Mechanisms in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien-Ning Chang ◽  
Jeng-Shyan Deng ◽  
Yi-Chih Chang ◽  
Chao-Ying Lee ◽  
Liao Jung-Chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Scopoletin exists in nature as an anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities reagent. In this study, we have investigated the analgesic effects of the scopoletin using the models of acetic acid-induced writhing response and the formalin test, the anti-inflammatory effects of scopoletin using model ofλ-carrageenan (Carr)-induced paw edema. The treatment of ICR mice with scopoletin inhibited the numbers of writhing response and the formalin-induced pain in the late phase. This study demonstrated that the administration of scopoletin resulted in the reduction of Carr-induced mice edema, and it increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) after Carr injection. We also demonstrated scopoletin significantly attenuated the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the edema paw after Carr injection. Scopoletin decreased the NO, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels on serum after Carr injection. Scopoletin decreased Carr-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions in the edema paw. These anti-inflammatory mechanisms of scopoletin might be related to the decrease in the level of MDAviaincreasing the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx in the edema paw. Also, scopoletin could affect the production of NO, TNF-α, and PGE2, and therefore affect the anti-inflammatory effects.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Methanol Extract ofElaeagnus oldhamiiMaxim. in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 581-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Ren Liao ◽  
Yuan-Shiun Chang ◽  
Wen-Huang Peng ◽  
Shang-Chih Lai ◽  
Yu-Ling Ho
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

We investigated possible mechanisms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract from the leaf of Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim. (EOMeOH). EOMeOHwas evaluated for its analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test, and anti-inflammatory effect was examined by λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema assay. We detected the activities of GPx, GRd and SOD in the liver, and the levels of inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, MDA and NO in the edema paw to investigate the mechanism of action against inflammation. Total polyphenol, flavonoid and flavanol contents of EOMeOHwere detected to explore its antioxidant activities. Results showed that, in the analgesic test, EOMeOHdecreased acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time in the late phase of formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, EOMeOHdecreased paw edema at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th h after λ-carrageenan had been injected. EOMeOHincreased the activities of SOD and GPx in liver tissue and decreased MDA, NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 levels in paw edema tissue at the 3rd h after λ-carrageenan-induced inflammatory reaction. EOMeOHexhibited abundant polyphenol, flavonoid and flavanol contents. In HPLC fingerprint test of EOMeOH, two index ingredients, ursolic acid and pomolic acid, were isolated from EOMeOHand were exhibited in HPLC chromatographic analysis. The results demonstrated analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of EOMeOH. It was indicated that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EOMeOHmay be due to declined levels of NO and MDA in the edema paw through increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRd in the liver. Additionally, EOMeOHdecreased IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 levels in the edema paw. The results suggested its value in future development of herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol Extract fromDesmodium triflorumDC in Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 573-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Chih Lai ◽  
Wen-Huang Peng ◽  
Shun-Chieh Huang ◽  
Yu-Ling Ho ◽  
Tai-Hung Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Necrosis Factor

In this study, we evaluated the analgesic effect of methanol extract from Desmodium triflorum DC (MDT) by using animal models of acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test. The anti-inflammatory effect of MDT was investigated by λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. In order to study the anti-inflammatory mechanism of MDT, we detected the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd) in the liver, the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the edema paw tissue. In the analgesic test, MDT (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased the acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time on the late phase in the formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, MDT (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased the paw edema at the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th hour after λ-carrageenan administration. On the other hand, MDT increased the activities of SOD and GRd in liver tissues and decreased the MDA level in the edema paw at the 3rd hour after λ-carrageenan-induced inflammation. MDT also affected the levels of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, NO and MDA which were induced by λ-carrageenan. The results suggested that MDT possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of MDT might be related to the decreases in the level of MDA in the edema paw via increasing the activities of SOD and GRd in the liver, and the NO level via regulating the IL-1β production and the level of TNF-α in the inflamed tissues.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Methanol Extract ofKalanchoe gracilis(L.) DC Stem in Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 529-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Rung Lai ◽  
Wen-Huang Peng ◽  
Yu-Ling Ho ◽  
Shun-Chieh Huang ◽  
Tai-Hung Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

In this study, we evaluated the analgesic effect of the methanol extract of Kalanchoe gracilis (MKGS) stem in animal models by inducing writhing response with acetic acid and conducting formalin test. The anti-inflammatory effect of MKGS was also estimated on mice with λ-carrageenan induced paw edema model. In order to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of MKGS, we analyzed the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRx) in the liver, and the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the edema paw tissue. In the analgesic tests, MKGS (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased both the acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time in the late phase of the formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, MKGS (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased paw edema at the third, fourth, fifth and sixth hours after λ-carrageenan had been administrated. Furthermore, MKGS increased the activities of SOD and GRx in liver tissues and decreased MDA level in the edema paws three hours after λ-carrageenan was injected. MKGS also affected the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and NO induced by λ-carrageenan. All these results suggested that MKGS possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of MKGS might be related to the lowering of MDA level in the edema paw via increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GRx in the liver, as well as the decreases in the levels of TNF-α and NO, and the production of IL-1β in inflamed tissues.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of thiamine in Long Evans rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Sayema Ainan ◽  
Noorzahan Begum ◽  
Taskina Ali
Keyword(s):  
Formalin Test ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Thiamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Medical University

Background: Thiamine along with other B vitamins has been prescribed since long for treatment of various painful conditions, though individual effects of thiamine on nociception and inflammation are yet to be clearly demonstrated.Objective: To assess the effects of increasing doses of thiamine supplementation against pain and inflammation.Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from March 2014 to February 2015. Total twenty four male Long Evans rats weighing (200±20 gm) were treated with three different doses of thiamine hydrochloride (THCL 100, 200, 250, mg/kg/day; experimental) or normal saline (5 ml/kg/day; control) intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days. To evaluate the thiamine’s effect on nociceptive pain, early phase (0-5 minutes) and on inflammatory pain, late phase (16-60 minutes) of the formalin test, were observed. In both phases, total frequency of jerking and total duration of flexing and licking of the right hind paw were counted after administration of subcutaneous formalin (50 ?l, 2.5%) injection. After formalin test, all the rats were also subjected to formalin induced paw edema test using a water plethysmometer to observe the antiinflammatory effect of thiamine. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. In the interpretation of results, p?0.05 was considered as significant.Results: In formalin test, thiamine lowered frequency of jerking (after all 3 doses, in both phases) and duration of flexing and licking (200 mg/kg - p<0.001, in late phases; 250 mg/kg (p<0.001), in both phases) significantly. Additionally, thiamine lowered paw edema significantly (p<0.001) in higher 2 doses.Conclusion: This study concludes that, thiamine may have dose dependent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2016, June; 11(1): 6-12

scholarly journals Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the topical preparation of Cipura paludosa (Iridaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antônio Paixão da Silva Neto ◽  
Larissa Dias Menezes ◽  
Gúbio Oliveira Gomes ◽  
Elise Marques Freire Cunha ◽  
Mariângela Soares de Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Antinociceptive Action ◽  
Amazon Rain Forest ◽  
Accelerated Stability ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Alho do mato (Cipura paludosa, Iridaceae) is a medicinal plant found in the Amazon rain forest, North of Brazil. It has been used to treat algic, inflammatory and infectious processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive action of the crude Cipura paludosa ethanolic extract at concentrations ranging between 2.0 and 4.0% in Oil and Water cream formulations for topical use. The physical-chemical stability of the formulations was monitored over a six-month period with the use of accelerated stability tests. In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, we used a paw edema test induced by carrageenan and a formalin test, respectively. The paw edema test showed that there was a statistical difference in the control group in relation to the treatments. The formalin test did not confirm antinociceptive action of the treatments with the extract in the early phase of the test. However, statistical difference was confirmed for the treatments in relation to the control in the late phase. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Cipura paludosa preparations, as demonstrated in the results, at least partially support the ethno-medical uses of this plant.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Chamaecyparis obtusa f. formosana Wood Essential Oil from Taiwan

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Chao Chien ◽  
Sheng-Fong Lo ◽  
Chen-Lung Ho
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Chamaecyparis Obtusa ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Murine Macrophage ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cellular Signal ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Chamaecyparis obtusa Siebold & Zucc. f. formosana Hayata (Cupressaceae) is one of the treasured conifers in Taiwan. In this study, the wood essential oil of the species was extracted and its anti-inflammatory bioactivities analyzed. The composition analysis of the essential oil yielded a total of 57 compounds with α-terpineol (19.4%), τ-muurolol (16.9%), borneol (16%), and α-cadinol (10.9%) predominating. The anti-inflammatory assays of the essential oil suggest that C. obtusa f. formosana wood oil has no cytotoxicity, and was capable of inhibiting the expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-1, pro IL-1β, NO, iNOS, and NLRP3 in murine macrophage cells. It was unable, however, to inhibit the expression of COX-2. Further investigation of the effect of the essential oil on the cellular signal transduction indicated that it was capable of inhibiting ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38; it also showed excellent inhibition against ROS. Thus, the overall results indicated that C. obtusa f. formosana wood oil had very good anti-inflammatory efficacies.

LPS induces apoptosis in macrophages mostly through the autocrine production of TNF-α

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 3823-3831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Xaus ◽  
Mònica Comalada ◽  
Annabel F. Valledor ◽  
Jorge Lloberas ◽  
Francisco López-Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Endotoxic Shock ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Tnf Receptor ◽  
Tnf Receptors ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Early Apoptosis ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The deleterious effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during endotoxic shock are associated with the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the production of nitric oxide (NO), both predominantly released by tissue macrophages. We analyzed the mechanism by which LPS induces apoptosis in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). LPS-induced apoptosis reached a plateau at about 6 hours of stimulation, whereas the production of NO by the inducible NO-synthase (iNOS) required between 12 and 24 hours. Furthermore, LPS-induced early apoptosis was only moderately reduced in the presence of an inhibitor of iNOS or when using macrophages from iNOS -/-mice. In contrast, early apoptosis was paralleled by the rapid secretion of TNF and was almost absent in macrophages from mice deficient for one (p55) or both (p55 and p75) TNF-receptors. During the late phase of apoptosis (12-24 hours) NO significantly contributed to the death of macrophages even in the absence of TNF-receptor signaling. NO-mediated cell death, but not apoptosis induced by TNF, correlated with the induction of p53 and Bax genes. Thus, LPS-induced apoptosis results from 2 independent mechanisms: first and predominantly, through the autocrine secretion of TNF- (early apoptotic events), and second, through the production of NO (late phase of apoptosis).

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF ELETTARIA CARDAMOM OIL ON CARRAGEENAN-INDUCED PAW EDEMA USING RATS BASED ON TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR α, INTERLEUKIN 6, AND INTERLEUKIN 1 LEVELS IN SERUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nithya Sermugapandian ◽  
Rubini R ◽  
Martina V
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Α ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

 Objective: In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of Elettaria cardamom oil and the underlying mechanism using in vivo models of inflammation.Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats, 4-6 weeks old, weighing 120-130 gms are used for the study. The anti-inflammatory study of E. cardamom oil was studied by injecting 0.1 ml of 1% carrageenan to the subplantar region of the right hind paw of rats. The development of acute inflammation was measured at the end of every 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th h using plethysmometer.Results: As results from the above study, E. cardamom oil at a dose of 0.175 ml/kg was less significant than that of E. cardamom oil at a dose of 0.280 ml/kg when given orally. A p<0.05 shows a significant decrease in paw edema. It also reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL) 1, and IL 6 levels in the serum. The histopathology results also showed a significant reduction of congested blood vessels with no marked impression for inflammation.Conclusion: E. cardamom oil possesses anti-inflammatory activity in dose-dependent manner as they inhibit the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals Effect of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation on Murine Preadipocytes 3T3-L1 Cells Activated with Lipopolysaccharide and/or Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Anna Zając-Grabiec ◽  
Karoline Bartusek ◽  
Katarzyna Sroczyńska ◽  
Tadeusz Librowski ◽  
Joanna Gdula-Argasińska
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Α ◽  
Prostaglandin Endoperoxide ◽  
Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The beneficial effect of n-3 fatty acids can be related to anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the study was to analyzed the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on 3T3-L1 cells (murine embryonic fibroblasts‒preadipocytes) activated with inflammatory factors (IF). Cells were incubated with 50 µmol of EPA for 48 h, and then activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The level of cycloxygenase-2 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2, PTGS2, COX-2), cytosolic prostaglandin synthase E2 (cPGES), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), glucose receptor type 4 (GLUT-4), and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) was determined using Western blot analysis. The phospholipase A2 (Pla2g4a), and prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 (Ptgs2) gene expression was analyzed by real-time qPCR. After EPA and IF activation, a significant decrease in the COX-2, cPGES, and TRL4 protein levels was observed. Incubation of cells with EPA and IF resulted in a decrease in Ptgs2 and an increase in the Pla2g4a gene. A significant increase in the CB2 protein was observed in adipocytes co-treated with EPA and IF. The results indicated an anti-inflammatory properties of EPA. Interestingly, the activation of the GLUT4 receptor by EPA suggests an unique role of this FA in the regulation of the adipocyte metabolism and prevention of insulin resistance.

LPS induces apoptosis in macrophages mostly through the autocrine production of TNF-α

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 3823-3831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Xaus ◽  
Mònica Comalada ◽  
Annabel F. Valledor ◽  
Jorge Lloberas ◽  
Francisco López-Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Endotoxic Shock ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Tnf Receptor ◽  
Tnf Receptors ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Early Apoptosis ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract The deleterious effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during endotoxic shock are associated with the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the production of nitric oxide (NO), both predominantly released by tissue macrophages. We analyzed the mechanism by which LPS induces apoptosis in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). LPS-induced apoptosis reached a plateau at about 6 hours of stimulation, whereas the production of NO by the inducible NO-synthase (iNOS) required between 12 and 24 hours. Furthermore, LPS-induced early apoptosis was only moderately reduced in the presence of an inhibitor of iNOS or when using macrophages from iNOS -/-mice. In contrast, early apoptosis was paralleled by the rapid secretion of TNF and was almost absent in macrophages from mice deficient for one (p55) or both (p55 and p75) TNF-receptors. During the late phase of apoptosis (12-24 hours) NO significantly contributed to the death of macrophages even in the absence of TNF-receptor signaling. NO-mediated cell death, but not apoptosis induced by TNF, correlated with the induction of p53 and Bax genes. Thus, LPS-induced apoptosis results from 2 independent mechanisms: first and predominantly, through the autocrine secretion of TNF- (early apoptotic events), and second, through the production of NO (late phase of apoptosis).

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