scholarly journals Thymidine Kinase 1 Upregulation Is an Early Event in Breast Tumor Formation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Alegre ◽  
Richard A. Robison ◽  
Kim L. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Thymidine Kinase ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Tissue Array ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Thymidine Kinase 1 ◽  
Tissue Arrays ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Precancerous Tissue

Prognostic markers play an important role in our understanding of tumors and how to treat them. Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), a proliferation marker involved in DNA repair, has been shown to have independent prognostic potential. This prognostic potential includes the novel concept that upregulation of serum TK1 levels is an early event in cancer development. This same effect may also be seen in tumor tissue. In order to demonstrate that TK1 upregulation is an early event in tumor tissue formation, tissue arrays were obtained and stained for TK1 by immunohistochemistry. Using a progressive breast tissue array, precancerous tissue including breast adenosis, simple hyperplasia, and atypical hyperplasia stained positive for TK1 expression. Different stages of breast carcinoma tissue also stained positive for TK1 including nonspecific infiltrating duct, infiltrating lobular, and infiltrating duct with lymph node metastasis carcinomas. This indicates that TK1 upregulation is an early event in breast carcinoma development, and may be useful in identifying precancerous tissue. Further work is needed to better understand the differences seen between TK1 positive and negative tissues.

scholarly journals Thymidine kinase 1 through the ages: a comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza E. Bitter ◽  
Michelle H. Townsend ◽  
Rachel Erickson ◽  
Carolyn Allen ◽  
Kim L. O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Thymidine Kinase ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Tumor Biomarker ◽  
Thymidine Kinase 1 ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis

AbstractProliferation markers, such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67, and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), have potential as diagnostic tools and as prognostic factors in assessing cancer treatment and disease progression. TK1 is involved in cellular proliferation through the recovery of the nucleotide thymidine in the DNA salvage pathway. TK1 upregulation has been found to be an early event in cancer development. In addition, serum levels of TK1 have been shown to be tied to cancer stage, so that higher levels of TK1 indicate a more serious prognosis. As a result of these findings and others, TK1 is not only a potentially viable biomarker for cancer recurrence, treatment monitoring, and survival, but is potentially more advantageous than current biomarkers. Compared to other proliferation markers, TK1 levels during S phase more accurately determine the rate of DNA synthesis in actively dividing tumors. Several reviews of TK1 elaborate on various assays that have been developed to measure levels in the serum of cancer patients in clinical settings. In this review, we include a brief history of important TK1 discoveries and findings, a comprehensive overview of TK1 regulation at DNA to protein levels, and recent findings that indicate TK1’s potential role in cancer pathogenesis and its growing potential as a tumor biomarker and therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Prognostic role of serum thymidine kinase 1 kinetics during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer

ESMO Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 100076
Author(s):  
A. Matikas ◽  
K. Wang ◽  
E. Lagoudaki ◽  
B. Acs ◽  
I. Zerdes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Thymidine Kinase ◽  
Early Breast Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Thymidine Kinase 1 ◽  
Serum Thymidine Kinase 1

Serological thymidine kinase 1 is a prognostic factor in oesophageal, cardial and lung carcinomas

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhishan Li ◽  
Yinghong Wang ◽  
Jie He ◽  
Jie Ma ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Thymidine Kinase ◽  
Thymidine Kinase 1 ◽  
Lung Carcinomas

Can Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 Detect Small Invisible Malignant Tumours?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Zhou ◽  
Huijun Li ◽  
Cong Fang ◽  
Junye Tan ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thymidine Kinase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Thymidine Kinase 1 ◽  
Protein Cell

Abstract Objectives. Early detection of malignant tumour is a prerequisite for a successful treatment. Here we investigate if thymidine kinase 1 is more sensitive than imaging technology to discover small invisible malignant tumours.Material and Methods. The cellular concentration of TK1 was determined by a novel automatic chemiluminescence analyzer of magnetic particle immune sandwich minimum. The primary and secondary antibodies linked to the magnetic beads were chicken anti-human thymidine kinase 1 IgY-polyclonal antibodies (IgY pAb). The minimum number of cells able to be detected by the novel detection technology using an automatic chemiluminescence analyzer were determined based on the cellar TK1 concentration of low and high TK1 cell lines of known cell count.Results. The TK1 concentration of malignant cell was found to be 0.021 pg/cell. Assuming 200 pg of total protein/cell, TK1 corresponds to 0.01 % of the total protein/cell. The concentration of TK1 in human blood serum of malignant patients is in the range of 2-10 pmol/l (pM), corresponding to about 50 x106 growing cells in the body that release TK1 into 5 litre blood. The limit visibility by imaging of a tumour is about 1 mm in diameter, corresponding to about 109cells of a cell diameter of 1µm. Conclusion. TK1 is more sensitive than imaging.

scholarly journals High Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 Level Predicts Poorer Survival in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergej N. Konoplev ◽  
Herbert A. Fritsche ◽  
Susan O’Brien ◽  
William G. Wierda ◽  
Michael J. Keating ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Thymidine Kinase ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Thymidine Kinase 1 ◽  
Serum Thymidine Kinase 1

Usefulness of Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 as a Biomarker for Aggressive Clinical Behavior in B-cell Lymphoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Heyjin Kim ◽  
Hye Jin Kang ◽  
Jin Kyung Lee ◽  
Young Jun Hong ◽  
Seok-Il Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Thymidine Kinase ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Thymidine Kinase 1 ◽  
Clinical Behavior ◽  
Aggressive Clinical Behavior ◽  
Serum Thymidine Kinase 1

scholarly journals Thymidine kinase-1/CD31 double immunostaining for identifying activated tumor vessels

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Okamura ◽  
T. Osaki ◽  
K. Nishimura ◽  
H. Ohsaki ◽  
M. Shintani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thymidine Kinase ◽  
Double Immunostaining ◽  
Thymidine Kinase 1 ◽  
Tumor Vessels
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