scholarly journals Measurement and Analysis of Microwave Frequency Signals Transmitted through the Breast

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremie Bourqui ◽  
John Garrett ◽  
Elise Fear
Keyword(s):  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Immersion Medium ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Microwave Signals ◽  
The Right ◽  
Breast Tissues ◽  
Insight Into

Microwave approaches to breast imaging include the measurement of signals transmitted through and reflected from the breast. Prototype systems typically feature sensors separated from the breast, resulting in measurements that include the effects of the environment and system. To gain insight into transmission of microwave signals through the breast, a system that places sensors in direct contact with the breast is proposed. The system also includes a lossy immersion medium that enables measurement of the signal passing through the breast while significantly attenuating signals traveling along other paths. Collecting measurements at different separations between sensors also provides the opportunity to estimate the average electrical properties of the breast tissues. After validation through simulations and measurements, a study of 10 volunteers was performed. Results indicate symmetry between the right and left breast and demonstrate differences in attenuation, maximum frequency for reliable measurement, and average properties that likely relate to variations in breast composition.

scholarly journals Antenna Evaluation for Ultra-Wideband Microwave Imaging

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremie Bourqui ◽  
Mark A. Campbell ◽  
Trevor Williams ◽  
Elise C. Fear
Keyword(s):  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Immersion Medium ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Microwave Breast Imaging ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Numerous antenna designs have been proposed for microwave breast imaging utilizing an ultra-wideband frequency range. The antennas are typically compact, operate in an immersion medium, and have a band covering at least 2–10 GHz. We have developed 3 antennas for our UWB microwave breast imaging system. In this contribution, we compare the performance of the antennas in order to gain insight into the relationship between antenna performance metrics and image quality.

scholarly journals A Prototype System for Measuring Microwave Frequency Reflections from the Breast

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bourqui ◽  
J. M. Sill ◽  
E. C. Fear
Keyword(s):  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Microwave Imaging ◽  
Microwave Measurement ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Measurement Sensitivity ◽  
System Sensitivity ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Insight Into

Microwave imaging of the breast is of interest for monitoring breast health, and approaches to active microwave imaging include tomography and radar-based methods. While the literature contains a growing body of work related to microwave breast imaging, there are only a few prototype systems that have been used to collect data from humans. In this paper, a prototype system for monostatic radar-based imaging that has been used in an initial study measuring reflections from volunteers is discussed. The performance of the system is explored by examining the mechanical positioning of sensor, as well as microwave measurement sensitivity. To gain insight into the measurement of reflected signals, simulations and measurements of a simple phantom are compared and discussed in relation to system sensitivity. Finally, a successful scan of a volunteer is described.

Application of Statutes of Limitations to Islamic Banking: The Case of Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Aishath Muneeza ◽  
Zakariya Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Limitation Of Action ◽  
Insight Into

Limitations of action designate extent of time after an event, as set by statutes of limitations, within which legal action can be initiated by a party to a transaction. No event is actionable outside the designated time as same is rendered statute-barred. This study aims to provide an insight into application and significance of Limitations Act 1950 and Limitation Ordinance 1952 to Islamic banking matters in Malaysia as well as Shariah viewpoint on the issue of limitation of action. In conducting the study, a qualitative research methodology is employed where reported Islamic banking cases from 1983 to 2018 in Malaysia were reviewed and analysed to ascertain the application of those statutes of limitations to Islamic banking. Likewise, relevant provisions of the statutes as invoked in the cases were examined to determine possible legislative conflicts between the provisions and the rule of Islamic law in governing the right and limitation of action in Islamic banking cases under the law. The reviewed cases show the extent to which statutes of limitations were invoked in Malaysian courts in determining validity of Islamic banking matters. The limitation provisions so referred to are largely sections 6(1)(a) and 21(1) Limitations Act 1953 and section 19 Limitation Ordinance 1953, which do not conflict with Shariah viewpoint on the matter. This study will prove invaluable to financial institutions and their customers alike in promoting knowledge and creating awareness over actionable event in the course of their transactions.

scholarly journals Bilateral Phyllodes Giant Tumor. A Case Report Analyzed by Array-CGH

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Francesco Fortarezza ◽  
Federica Pezzuto ◽  
Gerardo Cazzato ◽  
Clelia Punzo ◽  
Antonio d’Amati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Array Cgh ◽  
Phyllodes Tumor ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Giant Tumor ◽  
Metastatic Risk ◽  
The Right

The breast phyllodes tumor is a biphasic tumor that accounts for less than of 1% of all breast neoplasms. It is classified as benign, borderline, or malignant, and can mimic benign masses. Some recurrent alterations have been identified. However, a precise molecular classification of these tumors has not yet been established. Herein, we describe a case of a 43-year-old woman that was admitted to the emergency room for a significant bleeding from the breast skin. A voluminous ulcerative mass of the left breast and multiple nodules with micro-calcifications on the right side were detected at a physical examination. A left total mastectomy and a nodulectomy of the right breast was performed. The histological diagnosis of the surgical specimens reported a bilateral giant phyllodes tumor, showing malignant features on the left and borderline characteristics associated with a fibroadenoma on the right. A further molecular analysis was carried out by an array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) to characterize copy-number alterations. Many losses were detected in the malignant mass, involving several tumor suppressor genes. These findings could explain the malignant growth and the metastatic risk. In our study, genomic profiling by an array-CGH revealed a greater chromosomal instability in the borderline mass (40 total defects) than in the malignant (19 total defects) giant phyllodes tumor, reflecting the tumor heterogeneity. Should our results be confirmed with more sensitive and specific molecular tests (DNA sequencing and FISH analysis), they could allow a better selection of patients with adverse pathological features, thus optimizing and improving patient’s management.

Diplomacy Beyond History: Analytic-Violence, Producer-Centred Research, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097492842098307
Author(s):  
Deep K. Datta-Ray
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nuclear Diplomacy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Insight Into

The history of Indian diplomacy conceptualises diplomacy racially—as invented by the West—and restrictively—to offence. This is ‘analytic-violence’ and it explains the berating of Indians for mimicking diplomacy incorrectly or unthinkingly, and the deleting, dismissing, or denigrating, of diplomatic practices contradicting history’s conception. To relieve history from these offences, a new method is presented, ‘Producer-Centred Research’ (PCR). Initiating with abduction, an insight into a problem—in this case Indian diplomacy’s compromised historicisation—PCR solves it by converting history’s racist rationality into ‘rationalities’. The plurality renders rationality one of many, permitting PCR’s searching for rationalities not as a function of rationality but robust practices explicable in producer’s terms. Doing so is exegesis. It reveals India’s nuclear diplomacy as unique, for being organised by defence, not offence. Moreover, offence’s premise of security as exceeding opponent’s hostility renders it chimerical for such a security is, paradoxically, reliant on expanding arsenals. Additionally, doing so is a response to opponents. This fragments sovereignty and abdicates control for one is dependent on opponent’s choices. Defence, however, does not instigate opponents and so really delivers security by minimising arsenals since offence is eschewed. Doing so is not a response to opponents and so maintains sovereignty and retains control by denying others the right to offense. The cost of defence is courage, for instance, choosing to live in the shadow of nuclear annihilation. Exegesis discloses Balakot as a shift from defence to offence, so to relieve the Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) leadership of having to be courageous. The intensity of the intention to discard courage is apparent in the price the BJP paid. This included equating India with Pakistan, permitting it to escalate the conflict, and so imperiling all humanity in a manner beyond history.

scholarly journals Implementation Research to Understand and Target Complex Needs: A Case Study of US-based Food Assistance Programming (P10-147-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Warren ◽  
Edward Frongillo ◽  
Shana Alford ◽  
Erin McDonald ◽  
Jessica Escobar-Alegria
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Research ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Food Assistance ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to understand needs among seniors for food and food assistance and to develop a comprehensive taxonomy for these needs. Methods A total of 147 seniors were purposively sampled from 12 food-assistance programs in 9 states. Of the 12 programs, 10 provided unprepared foods and 2 provided pre-cooked meals. Data were semi-structured qualitative interviews. Coding and analysis of transcripts followed an inductive qualitative analysis approach. A series of thematic summaries were prepared to reflect the content of the interviews for discussion and refinement of the analytic approach. Results An emergent taxonomy comprised 3 categories consisting of abilities and ranges or variants of those abilities. The category of physical ability consists of physical strength, the ability to prepare food, the ability to walk or stand, and health status. These relate to an individual's functional abilities to live and act independently and may be considered pre-conditions for program uptake and benefit distinct from dietary and food security-related needs and limitations. The category of consuming food consists of preferences, accessibility, affordability, and dietary needs. This category highlights the relationship between economic constraints and dietary needs that often necessitates meaningful tradeoffs in consuming the right foods for their health. The category of access and use of transportation consists of own means, friends or family, and public or private services. This category highlights challenges in accessing programs and provides insight into seniors’ experiences of poverty, declining functional abilities, social networks and connectedness, geography, and public services. Conclusions The process used to develop the taxonomy and the taxonomy itself provide an exemplar for implementation research when the nature of need is complex and programs integrated across sectors are required to address the need. The taxonomy provides structure to facilitate the identification of key factors in program engagement—and insight into the economic and social environments in which they occur—that translate into needs relevant to the design, targeting, and uptake of food assistance in a diverse population of seniors. Funding Sources Enterprise Rent-a-Car Foundation.

Effects of the SNAP25 on Integration Ability of Brain Functions in Children With ADHD

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472096456
Author(s):  
Yue Yang ◽  
Gang Peng ◽  
Hongwu Zeng ◽  
Diangang Fang ◽  
Linlin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Central Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effects of SNAP25 on the integration ability of intrinsic brain functions in children with ADHD, and whether the integration ability was associated with working memory (WM). Methods: A sliding time window method was used to calculate the spatial and temporal concordance among five rs-fMRI regional indices in 55 children with ADHD and 20 healthy controls. Results: The SNAP25 exhibited significant interaction effects with ADHD diagnosis on the voxel-wise concordance in the right posterior central gyrus, fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus. Specifically, for children with ADHD, G-carriers showed increased voxel-wise concordance in comparison to TT homozygotes in the right precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus. The voxel-wise concordance was also found to be related to WM. Conclusion: Our findings provided a new insight into the neural mechanisms of the brain function of ADHD children.

Predominance of RAD21 and ERBB2 amplification and progesterone receptor positivity in tumors of the right breast support breast cancer lateralization.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12557-e12557
Author(s):  
Zachary Spigelman ◽  
Jo-Ellen Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Her2 Expression ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

e12557 Background: Biologic lateralization broadly impacts breast cancer. Malignancies originating in the left breast compared to the right breast tend to be more frequent, larger and of poorer prognosis. Left breast tumors respond differently to HER2-neu signaling and have lateralized Ki67 expression. In a prior study a right-left asymmetry in the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of breast cancers was identified (ASCO 2018, e13094). As a follow-up, retrospective analysis of results from comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) of right and left side breast cancer specimens was performed to determine a potential genomic etiology for the observed NLR lateralization. Methods: Tumors from 43 consecutive breast cancer patients underwent analysis for all classes of genomic alterations by hybrid capture-based CGP (Foundation Medicine). The CGP results from the 25 left- and 18 right-sided breast cancer samples were analyzed along with the histologic grade and status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 expression. Results: In this cohort of advanced breast cancer patients (stage 3-4), no statistically significant differences in lateralization were identified based on patient age, tumor stage, or frequency of ER or Her2 expression (Table). A predominance of PR positivity (p=0.14 chi square analysis) and amplifications in the ERBB2 (p=0.37) and RAD21 (p=0.08) genes were detected in right side tumors. Conclusions: Together with the prior study, trends in asymmetry based on genomic, pathologic, and immunohistologic differences have been detected in breast cancers, including an increased incidence of ERBB2 and RAD21 amplification in right-side breast tumors in this cohort. The predominance of lower PR positivity in the left breast tumors may be due to preferential hypermethylation, consistent with reports that it mediates biologic lateralization changes, downregulates PR expression, and alters amplification rates. Epigenetic methylation, may contribute to asymmetric breast cancer biology and have implications for therapeutic strategy. Further study is warranted.[Table: see text]

A hybrid forecasting model for ageing breast deformation during yoga practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110408
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Jianming Chen ◽  
Newman Lau ◽  
Qian Mao ◽  
Zidan Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Breast ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Grey Relation Analysis ◽  
Senior Women ◽  
Hybrid Forecasting ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
The Right ◽  
Grey Relation ◽  
Motion Amplitude

In this work, the deformation of bilateral breasts was investigated with an established hybrid model to predict the nipple movement specifically for senior women during yoga exercise. A motion capture system was used to collect the displacement of 10 markers on the breasts from 11 senior women (average age of 62) during yoga practice and then the data were analyzed by integrating the absolute grey relation analysis (AGRA) and extreme learning machine (ELM). The right and left breasts had the maximum motion amplitude in the horizontal direction but they were respectively featured with contraction and extension during yoga practice. AGRA showed that the nipple motion was highly associated with the vertical region above the nipple for the left breast but the parallel region along with the nipple for the right breast. The ELM model is able to predict the nipple movement within tolerable error (∼0.0037). This study lays a foundation for a better understanding of ageing breast kinematics during yoga poses with limited practical experiments. Besides, the accurate and efficient results can be used not only for yoga pose instruction but also for ergonomic sports bra design.

scholarly journals Primary breast lymphoma of childhood: a case report and review of literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia A. Restivo ◽  
Marta Pillon ◽  
Lara Mussolin ◽  
Clara Mosa ◽  
Angela Guarina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
Primary Breast Lymphoma ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Breast Lymphoma ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is an extremely rare neoplasm in children; by definition, it manifests in the breast without evidence of lymphoma elsewhere, except ipsilateral axillary nodes. Case presentation We report a case of a 15-year-old girl diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the right breast: the patient received chemotherapy and rituximab, achieving complete remission. A literature review revealed other 11 cases of pediatric PBL; it mainly affects female adolescents and can involve right and left breast equally. Different histologic subtypes have been described, arising from both B-cell and T-cell. Therapeutic approaches were very different, from chemotherapy to local treatment with surgery and/or radiotherapy. Conclusions Our case is the first in which rituximab was administered, suggesting to be a promising therapy in B-cell PBL, as already demonstrated in pediatric B-cell lymphoma from other sites. Further investigations are needed to identify prognostic factors and establish the most effective treatment.

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