scholarly journals Schistosoma Tegument Proteins in Vaccine and Diagnosis Development: An Update

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Toscano Fonseca ◽  
Gardênia Braz Figueiredo Carvalho ◽  
Clarice Carvalho Alves ◽  
Tatiane Teixeira de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Parasite Genome ◽  
Tegument Proteins ◽  
Parasite Survival ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Parasite Biology ◽  
New Vaccines

The development of a vaccine against schistosomiasis and also the availability of a more sensitive diagnosis test are important tools to help chemotherapy in controlling disease transmission. Bioinformatics tools, together with the access to parasite genome, published recently, should help generate new knowledge on parasite biology and search for new vaccines or therapeutic targets and antigens to be used in the disease diagnosis. Parasite surface proteins, especially those expressed in schistosomula tegument, represent interesting targets to be used in vaccine formulations and in the diagnosis of early infections, since the tegument represents the interface between host and parasite and its molecules are responsible for essential functions to parasite survival. In this paper we will present the advances in the development of vaccines and diagnosis tests achieved with the use of the information from schistosome genome focused on parasite tegument as a source for antigens.

Síndrome da Anca de Ressalto

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Bernardo Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Snapping Hip ◽  
Predominant Symptom ◽  
Snapping Hip Syndrome

Snapping hip syndrome is a condition in which the predominant symptom is the snapping feelingaround the hip joint caused by a dynamic impingement between muscles or tendons and boneprominences. The etiology of the snapping hip types and consequently the therapeutic targets havebeen subjects of discussion and controversy along the years. A careful clinical history and physicalexamination is frequently enough for this disease diagnosis. Treatment is typically conservative,however when it is not successful surgical treatment is indicated, consisting on the snapping muscleor tendons lengthening. The authors review in this paper the current scientific literature about functionalanatomy, physiopathology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of snapping hip.

scholarly journals Single Step In Situ Detection of Surface Protein and MicroRNA in Clustered Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Hee Cheol Yang ◽  
Won Jong Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Molecular Beacon ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Flow Cytometer ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Biomarker Detection ◽  
In Situ Detection

Because cancers are heterogeneous, it is evident that multiplexed detection is required to achieve disease diagnosis with high accuracy and specificity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been a subject of great interest as sources of novel biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. However, EVs are nano-sized particles that are difficult to handle; thus, it is necessary to develop a method that enables efficient and straightforward EV biomarker detection. In the present study, we developed a method for single step in situ detection of EV surface proteins and inner miRNAs simultaneously using a flow cytometer. CD63 antibody and molecular beacon-21 were investigated for multiplexed biomarker detection in normal and cancer EVs. A phospholipid-polymer-phospholipid conjugate was introduced to induce clustering of the EVs analyzed using nanoparticle tracking analysis, which enhanced the detection signals. As a result, the method could detect and distinguish cancer cell-derived EVs using a flow cytometer. Thus, single step in situ detection of multiple EV biomarkers using a flow cytometer can be applied as a simple, labor- and time-saving, non-invasive liquid biopsy for the diagnosis of various diseases, including cancer.

scholarly journals Dangerous Duplicity: The Dual Functions of Casein Kinase 1in Parasite Biology and Host Subversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najma Rachidi ◽  
Uwe Knippschild ◽  
Gerald F. Späth
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Casein Kinase ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Casein Kinase 1 ◽  
Parasite Survival ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Parasite Biology ◽  
Antimicrobial Interventions

Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) family members are serine/threonine protein kinases that are involved in many biological processes and highly conserved in eukaryotes from protozoan to humans. Even though pathogens exploit host CK1 signaling pathways to survive, the role of CK1 in infectious diseases and host/pathogen interaction is less well characterized compared to other diseases, such as cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. Here we present the current knowledge on CK1 in protozoan parasites highlighting their essential role for parasite survival and their importance for host-pathogen interactions. We also discuss how the dual requirement of CK1 family members for parasite biological processes and host subversion could be exploited to identify novel antimicrobial interventions.

A glimpse forward regarding psychopathology of psychotic disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 647-651
Author(s):  
William T. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
New Knowledge

Issues related to early detection and intervention, primary prevention, and re-conceptualizing therapeutic targets are important current themes in psychosis research. Extensive heterogeneity within each diagnostic class and overlap in clinical features, risk factors and associated features between diagnostic classes, all result in critical limitations in clinical care and research. In this chapter, concrete approaches are suggested to make progress in psychosis research. Each partial solution has a different profile of strengths and weaknesses. New knowledge will be needed to make progress, and that knowledge will be acquired incrementally.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characterization and risk factors associated with lentiviral infection of small ruminants at animal fairs in the semiarid Sertão region of Pernambuco, Brazilian semiarid

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1875
Author(s):  
José Romero Alexandre Alves ◽  
Clécio Henrique Limeira ◽  
Geilson Manoel de Souza Lima ◽  
Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro ◽  
Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Factors Associated

Animal agglomerations at commercial events such as trade fairs represent an important facilitator in infectious disease transmission. Thus, it is crucial to understand the epidemiology of infectious diseases in small ruminants. The objective of this study was to examine lentiviral presence in goats and sheep traded at the animal fair of Tabira city (Sertão region of Pernambuco) and identify possible risk factors associated with infection. We collected serum samples from 233 crossbred goats and 119 crossbred sheep, belonging to 12 breeders, at the Tabira livestock fair from November 2014 to June 2015. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to analyze the risk factors. Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and western blotting (WB) were performed to diagnose small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection. In the AGID test, we used maedi-visna virus (MVV) antigens for sheep and caprine arthritis/encephalitis virus (strain Cork) (CAEV-Co) antigen for goats. The WB analysis used CAEV-Co antigen for both species. Variables from the questionnaire were analyzed with univariate and multivariate statistics. One seropositive goat but no sheep was identified via AGID. According to the WB results, 15/233 goats (6.44%; CI95% = 3.94 - 10.35%) and 8/119 sheep (6.72%; CI95% = 3.45 - 12.71%) were seropositive, totaling 23/352 reactive animals (6.53%; CI95% = 4.39 - 9.61%) from 12 herds. Annual vermifugation of the animals was a significant risk factor (odds ratio = 5.9; CI95% = 1.7-19.8; p = 0.04) for disease in goats, but no variables associated with infection risks were identified in sheep. We concluded that SRLV was present in goats and sheep at the animal fair. Western blots were more sensitive than AGID for SRLV diagnosis. Practices aiming to improve sanitary management may reduce the risk of infection in goats. All studied herds included animals identified as seropositive for SRLV. Therefore, we recommend adopting measures that increase disease diagnosis while intensifying traffic control and surveillance of animal agglomerations.

scholarly journals Type 2 Inflammation in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Targets

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Racca ◽  
Gaia Pellegatta ◽  
Giuseppe Cataldo ◽  
Edoardo Vespa ◽  
Elisa Carlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophilic Esophagitis ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Type 2 Inflammation

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the esophagus characterized clinically by symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction and histologically by eosinophil-predominant inflammation, whose incidence is rising. It significantly affects patients’ quality of life and, if left untreated, results in fibrotic complications. Although broad consensus has been achieved on first-line therapy, a subset of patients remains non-responder to standard therapy. The pathogenesis of EoE is multifactorial and results from the complex, still mostly undefined, interaction between genetics and intrinsic factors, environment, and antigenic stimuli. A deep understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease is pivotal for the development of new therapies. This review provides a comprehensive description of the pathophysiology of EoE, starting from major pathogenic mechanisms (genetics, type 2 inflammation, epithelial barrier dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux, allergens, infections and microbiota) and subsequently focusing on the single protagonists of type 2 inflammation (involved cells, cytokines, soluble effectors, surface proteins and transcription factors) that could represent present and future therapeutic targets, while summarizing previous therapeutic approaches in literature.

Abstract P269: Influence Of Sex, Race, And Changes In Vital Signs In Covid-19 And Flu Diagnosed Patients In Mississippi

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte E Martin ◽  
Michael R Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Office Visit ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Electronic Health Record Data ◽  
Temperature Pulse

Early detection of viral infections, such as COVID-19 and flu, have the potential to reduce risk of morbidity, mortality, and disease transmission through earlier intervention strategies. Distinguishing patterns among vital signs, including body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure, can help to diagnose a potential respiratory virus more rapidly and accurately. The objective of this study was to utilize the University of Mississippi Medical’s extensive clinical database (EPIC) to investigate the potential association between temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, and respiration with influenza and COVID-19. COVID-19 (March 3, 2020 to February 27, 2021) and flu (October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2018) diagnosed patients were identified from over 1 million patients (of a total population of 3 million) and 36 million encounters of Mississippi residents from the electronic health record. Data from patients with reported demographic dimensions (age, first race, and sex) and office visit dimensions (BMI, diastolic blood pressure (BP), pulse rate, respiration rate, systolic BP, and temperature) was obtained for 1,363 COVID-19 and 507 flu diagnosed patients, including day of diagnosis and additional encounter visits within 60 days before and after first unique viral disease diagnosis. Patients with COVID-19 or flu were disproportionately obese, with 93% of COVID-19 and 79% of flu patients with BMI ≥30. Most striking was that black women in 50-64 years disproportionately carried the burden of disease. For all patients at the time of infection, temperature was significantly increased for both respiratory viruses, pulse rate was significantly increased for flu, and BP was not significantly increased in either infection. We compared flu patients with no pre-existing diagnoses (n= 57) to those with essential (primary) hypertension (n= 234) and found significantly higher systolic BP at day of infection in flu only patients. Our findings show the need for more complete demographic and office visit dimension data from patients during epidemic and pandemic events.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of caseous lymphadenitis in goats sold in an animal fair in the northeastern semi-arid region of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Romero Alexandre Alves ◽  
Areano Ethério Moreira de Farias ◽  
Geilson Manoel de Souza Lima ◽  
Clecio Henrique Limeira ◽  
Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Caseous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Goat farming in the northeastern regions of Brazil plays an important role in the socio-economic functions of the country. However, high rates of morbidity and mortality occur in the animals, caused primarily by infectious diseases like caseous lymphadenitis, which is widespread in goat herds; this causes serious economic losses to the farming business. Although events such as animal fairs are common in the region, wherein most of the goats and sheep are sold, the risk of disease transmission remains, since the health condition of the animal is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anti-Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis antibodies present in the goats sold at the animal fair of Tabira - PE, Northeastern semi-arid. Serum samples from 233 goats were collected from the period of November 2014 to June 2015. The diagnosis of infection by C. pseudotuberculosis was made using the indirect ELISA technique. The number of goats seropositive for C. pseudotuberculosis was identified as 87 (37.34%; 95% CI = 31.38 - 43.71%). Of the nine flocks evaluated, five (55.55%) were positive. Thus, it is suggested that infection by C. pseudotuberculosis is widespread in the goats sold at the animal fairs in the semi-arid Northeastern, reinforcing the need for disease diagnosis in goat herds in the region for the possible implementation of disease control programs.

Interaction Between Coronavirus S-Protein and Human ACE2: Hints for Exploring Efficient Therapeutic Targets to Treat COVID-19

Angiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 000331972095228
Author(s):  
Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni ◽  
Maciej Banach ◽  
Željko Reiner ◽  
Matteo Pirro ◽  
Vanessa Bianconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Health Organization

With the global expansion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the declaration of its outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization, there is an urgent need for vaccines and medicines to prevent and treat COVID-19. The responsible pathogen for the disease is the newly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 2 belonging to the same family of viruses SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus that originally are zoonotic and have been associated with severe illness during the outbreaks in 2003 and 2012, respectively. The virulence of coronavirus strains is mainly associated with variations in surface proteins mediating cellular entry of the virus, which can help in finding effective therapeutic targets. In this review, we seek evidence showing the role of coronavirus spike protein (S-protein) and its potential cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), during infection of coronaviruses, including the newly SARS-CoV-2 and its similar strain SARS-CoV. This review also discusses the therapeutic effect of inhibiting the renin–angiotensin system cascade, a target of ACE2, in patients having coronavirus with cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Key Chagas disease missing knowledge among at-risk population in Spain affecting diagnosis and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Romay-Barja ◽  
Laura Iglesias-Rus ◽  
Teresa Boquete ◽  
Agustín Benito ◽  
Teresa Blasco-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Knowledge

Abstract Background Chagas disease is endemic in Latin America and, over the last few decades, due to population movements, the disease has spread to other continents. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical in terms of improving outcomes for those living with Chagas disease. However, poor knowledge and awareness is one of barriers that affects access to Chagas disease diagnosis and treatment for the population at risk. Information regarding immigrants’ knowledge concerning Chagas disease control and prevention is insufficient in non-endemic countries and, therefore, this study sought to assess Chagas disease knowledge and awareness within the Bolivian community residing in Madrid. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in March–August 2017. A total of 376 Bolivians answered a structured questionnaire. A knowledge index was created based on respondents’ knowledge about transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, and place to seek treatment. Multivariate logistic regressions analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with respondents’ knowledge of Chagas disease. Results A total 159 (42.4%) of Bolivians interviewed about their knowledge of Chagas disease were men and 217 (57.6%) were women. Vinchuca was mentioned as mode of transmission by 71% of the Bolivians surveyed, while only 9% mentioned vertical transmission. Almost half of the Bolivians did not know any symptom of Chagas disease and only 47% knew that a specific blood test is necessary for diagnosis. Most of Bolivians were aware of the severity of Chagas disease, but 45% of Bolivians said that there is no cure for Chagas and 96% did not know any treatment. Based on the index of knowledge generated, only 34% of Bolivians had a good knowledge about Chagas disease transmission, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, knowledge regarding Chagas disease, diagnosis and treatment was significantly higher amongst older Bolivians who had secondary education at least, as well as amongst those who had already been tested for Chagas disease. Conclusions This study found that most of the Bolivian population living in Spain had poor knowledge about Chagas disease transmission, symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment. A poor understanding of the disease transmission and management is one of the most important barriers when it comes to searching for early diagnosis and appropriate care.

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