scholarly journals Evaluation of Fillers Dispersion Degree in Elastomeric Magnetic Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ján Kruželák ◽  
Sybill Ilisch ◽  
Ivan Hudec ◽  
Rastislav Dosoudil
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Magnetic Composites ◽  
Reinforcing Effect ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Dispersion Degree ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Mutual Change ◽  
Very High

Elastomeric magnetic composites were prepared by incorporation of strontium ferrite into polymer matrices based on natural as well as butadiene rubber. Besides the rubber and ferrite, or the combinations of ferrite and carbon black (in case of natural rubber), the model rubber compounds contained only ingredients which support curing process. The study was dedicated to the observation of fillers dispersion degree in the rubber matrices and investigation of physical-mechanical and magnetic properties of prepared composites. The results indicate that the dispersion degree of ferrite in the rubber matrices is not very high, but it can be positively influenced by the addition of carbon black. Despite of the fact that ferrite exhibits only low reinforcing effect on cross-linked elastomeric materials, physical-mechanical properties can be also positively influenced by the mutual change in combinations of both fillers (ferrite and carbon black). The prepared materials seem to have suitable magnetic and elastic properties.

scholarly journals Insights into the Payne Effect of Carbon Black Filled Styrene-butadiene Rubber Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
An Zhao ◽  
Xuan-Yu Shi ◽  
Shi-Hao Sun ◽  
Hai-Mo Zhang ◽  
Min Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Payne Effect ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

A Study of the Combined use of Carbon Black and Silica in Tyre Tread Formulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
A.M. Mokhnatkin ◽  
V.P. Dorozhkin ◽  
E.G. Mokhnatkina ◽  
V.E. Muradyan ◽  
L.A. Zotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Tread Rubber

A specially designed relaxometer was used to measure the stress relaxation under 30% elongation for tread rubber compounds based on a blend of three rubbers: natural rubber, neodymium butadiene rubber, and oil-extended styrene butadiene rubber. The rubber compounds were filled with carbon black and silica in different ratios: with 80 parts carbon black only, with 80 parts silica only, and with different ratios of carbon black and silica. The method proposed by Bartenev was used to calculate the relaxation specta. The maxima of the spectra at different relaxation times were assigned to different types of interaction: rubber-filler interaction, carbon black-carbon black interaction, silica-silica interaction, carbon black-silica interaction. New maxima were obtained for specimens containing roughly equal amounts of carbon black and silica. These results were compared with data obtained using transmission electron microscopy. The existence of three levels of structure of filled elastomers and the presence of ‘rigid’ rubber around filler particles are suggested.

Pyrogenic Silica as a Filler for Elastomeric Materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
W. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Active Filler ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Pyrogenic Silica ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Carbon black has been the most important active filler in rubber technology for decades. In recent years, however, the use of silica to produce rubber compounds has been on the increase. In combination with sulfur-containing silanes (e.g. TESP, bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfane, trade name SI69), precipitated silicas now have an established place among the raw materials for the production of abrasion-resistant, elastic and fatigue-resistant elastomeric materials. Less well known, however, is the use of silica products produced by flame hydrolysis, such as Aerosil, which can significantly improve the mechanical properties of many elastomer formulations.

scholarly journals The influence of combined active fillers on the properties of elastomeric materials for eco-friendly tyres

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Dejan Kojic ◽  
Nada Lazic ◽  
Jaroslava Budinski-Simendic ◽  
Milena Spirkova ◽  
Pero Dugic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
On The Road

Reinforcing of elastomers by the addition of various nanofillers has led to significant improvements in elastomer properties, and therefore, to the increase of potentials for use as suitable materials for special applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combinations of two active fillers (carbon black and synthesized silica (50/0; 35/15; 25/25; 15/35; 0/50; phr)) on the morphology, curing, as well as thermal, dynamic-mechanical and mechanical properties of nanocomposites based on the styrene-butadiene rubber as the network precursor. Based on SEM results, the largest agglomerates were observed in the structure of the nanocomposite containing 25 phr of carbon black and 25 phr of SiO2. Determination of curing characteristics indicated that the minimum torque at 100, 150 and 160?C had higher magnitudes for the compounds with silica filler, which is in accordance with the tendency of SiO2 to form filler-filler interactions. Values of the scorch time and the optimal time of crosslinking increased by increasing the silica phr content in the fillers mixture. It could be thus supposed that the fraction of occluded and trapped chains in the structure of elastomer reinforced by SiO2 is higher due to the almost 2-fold higher value of the silica NDBP number as compared to the NDBP number of carbon black particles. On the basis of MDSC results, it was assessed that the addition of combined active fillers had negligible effects on the glass transition temperature, registered at about -47?C for all tested samples. The obtained DMA data, concerning storage moduli in the temperature range from -20 to 0?C, (characteristic for "Payne" effect) are very significant for predictions of the properties of the tyre tread such as the slip resistance on the road on ice and in the wet conditions. The increase of silica content in the combined filler induced a decrease of the dynamic mechanical loss factor of prepared nanocomposites in the temperature range from 40 to 80?C. The obtained results are very important for the structuring of elastomeric materials aimed for production of tyres with reduced rolling resistance and fuel consumption. The elastomer containing the highest content of carbon black showed the highest value of the tensile strength (21.8 MPa). The abrasion resistance of the synthesized nanocomposites increased as the silica content was reduced in the combined fillers.

Effect of Unmodified and Modified Epoxidized Soyabean Oils on Properties of Black-NBR Compounds and Black-NBR Vulcanizates

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Kannika Chanpon ◽  
Anoma Thitithammawong ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Azizon Kaesaman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Reinforcing Effect ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Mixing Energy ◽  
Mooney Viscosity

In this study, feasibility of using epoxidized soyabean oil (ESO) and n-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine modified ESO (pA-m-ESO) as rubber processing oil in a formulation of carbon black filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) compound was investigated. It is seen that properties of the NBR compounds (i.e., total mixing energy, dump temperature, Mooney viscosity and curing characteristic) with using the DOP and the ESO were comparable, unlike the compound with using the pA-m-ESO. However, after vulcanization the NBR vulcanizate with using the DOP showed superior modulus, tensile strength and hardness than those of the others. This is due to interaction between the processing oil and the NBR phases as well as reinforcing effect of the carbon black on NBR molecules. However, no differences of dispersion and distribution of carbon black in the NBR vulcanizates with varying types of processing oil were observed.

scholarly journals A Self-Healing System Based on Ester Crosslinks for Carbon Black-Filled Rubber Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Bashir Algaily ◽  
Wisut Kaewsakul ◽  
Siti Salina Sarkawi ◽  
Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Zinc Acetate Dihydrate ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
High Fatigue

Carbon black-reinforced rubber compounds based on the blends of natural rubber (NR) and butadiene rubber (BR) for tire sidewall applications were formulated to investigate the self-healing efficacy of a modifier called EMZ. This modifier is based on epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) modified with hydrolyzed maleic anhydride (HMA) as the ester crosslinking agent plus zinc acetate dihydrate (ZAD) as the transesterification catalyst. The influence of EMZ modifier content in sidewall compounds on processing characteristics, reinforcement, mechanical and fatigue properties, as well as property retentions, was investigated. Increasing the content of EMZ, the dump temperatures and Mooney viscosities of the compounds slightly increase, attributed to the presence of extra polymer networks and filler–rubber interactions. The bound rubber content and Payne effect show a good correction that essentially supports that the EMZ modifier gives enhanced filler–rubber interaction and reduced filler–filler interaction, reflecting the improved homogeneity of the composites. This is the key contribution to a better flex cracking resistance and a high fatigue-to-failure resistance when utilizing the EMZ modifier. To validate the property retentions, molecular damages were introduced to vulcanizates using a tensile stress–strain cyclic test following the Mullins effect concept. The property retentions are significantly enhanced with increasing EMZ content because the EMZ self-healing modifier provides reversible or dynamic ester linkages that potentially enable a bond-interchange mechanism of the crosslinks, leading to the intermolecular reparation of the rubber network.

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