scholarly journals New Insights into the p38γ and p38δ MAPK Pathways

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Risco ◽  
Ana Cuenda
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Distinct Role ◽  
Made In

The mammalian p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family is composed of four members (p38α, p38β, p38γ, and p38δ), which are very similar in amino acid sequence but differ in their expression patterns. This suggests that they may have specific functions in different organs. In the last years most of the effort has been centred on the study of the function of the p38α isoform, which is widely referred to as p38 in the literature. However, the role that other p38 isoforms play in cellular functions and their implication in some of the pathological conditions have not been precisely defined so far. In this paper we highlight recent advances made in defining the functions of the two less studied alternative p38MAPKs, p38γ and p38δ. We describe that these p38MAPKs show similarities to the classical p38α isoform, although they may play central and distinct role in certain physiological and pathological processes.

scholarly journals High-fat diet increases O-GlcNAc levels in cerebral arteries: a link to vascular dysfunction associated with hyperlipidaemia/obesity?

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (11) ◽  
pp. 871-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor V. Lima ◽  
Fernanda R. Giachini ◽  
Takayuki Matsumoto ◽  
Weiguo Li ◽  
Alecsander F.M. Bressan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinases ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Cerebral Vasculature ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Increased O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) in cerebral arteries, as a result of a high-fat diet (HFD), augments reactivity to constrictor stimuli as well as increases mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activity. Increased O-GlcNAc levels may represent a new mechanism to cerebral vasculature dysfunction under pathological conditions.

scholarly journals In silico characterization and expression analyses of sugarcane putative sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1) related kinases

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirce Maria Carraro ◽  
Marcio R. Lambais ◽  
Helaine Carrer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Expressed Sequence

Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinases (SnRKs) may play a major role in regulating gene expression in plant cells. This family of regulatory proteins is represented by sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1) protein kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPKs) in mammals and SnRKs in higher plants. The SnRK family has been reorganized into three subfamilies according to the evolutionary relationships of their amino acid sequences. Members of the SnRK subfamily have been identified in several plants. There is evidence that they are involved in the nutritional and/or environmental stress response, although their roles are not yet well understood. We have identified at least 22 sugarcane expressed sequence tag (EST) contigs encoding putative SnRKs. The amino acid sequence alignment of both putative sugarcane SnRKs and known SnRKs revealed a highly conserved N-terminal catalytic domain. Our results indicated that sugarcane has at least one member of each SnRK subfamily. Expression pattern analysis of sugarcane EST-contigs encoding putative SnRKs in 26 selected cDNA libraries from the sugarcane expressed sequence tag SUCEST database has indicated that members of this family are expressed throughout the plant. Members of the same subfamily showed no specific expression patterns, suggesting that their functions are not related to their phylogenic relationships based on N-terminal amino acid sequence phylogenetic relationships.

MAP Kinases: From Intracellular Signals to Physiology and Disease

Physiology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Schramek
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Reparative Regeneration ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Although differentiated cells will usually maintain their specialized character, conversion of cellular specificities can be observed during adaptation or reparative regeneration. In pathological conditions, such as inflammation and carcinogenesis, even highly specialized cells can alter their properties, leading to a deranged control of cell differentiation and/or proliferation. Mitogen-activated protein kinases are central regulators of these processes.

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