scholarly journals Comparison of Inorganic and Organic Matter Sedimentation in a Natural Laboratory: A One-Year Study at Lough Hyne Marine Reserve, Ireland

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Broszeit ◽  
John Davenport ◽  
Mark Jessopp ◽  
Luke Harman ◽  
Rob McAllen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Current Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Plankton Production ◽  
Lough Hyne

Measuring sedimentation rates may provide useful information on the habitat preferences of marine organisms. To understand the effect of flow rates and meteorological conditions on sedimentation in the absence of other confounding factors, sedimentation of organic (OM) and inorganic (IOM) matters was measured at 6 sites in Lough Hyne Marine Reserve (a semienclosed marine lake) over the course of 13 months. During winter, both OM and IOM were imported to the Lough, peaking in December at Whirlpool, the site nearest to the Lough entrance, likely as a result of extreme weather conditions causing resuspension of matter outside the Lough. Highest inorganic matter (IOM) sedimentation occurred in December (47.36 gm−2d−1at Whirlpool Cliff) and was related to November wind speeds (, ). Decreasing current speed also caused a decline in IOM sedimentation. Highest OM sedimentation occurred in December at Whirlpool (5.59 gm−2d−1), but was not related to meteorological conditions. No single environmental factor strongly influenced organic matter (OM) sedimentation. One-way ANOVAs on OM and log-transformed IOM data showed that sedimentation differed significantly amongst the six sites within the Lough. Increased plankton production in the Lough during summer led to increased OM sedimentation in areas of low current speed away from the entrance of the Lough.

Recent changes in shallow subtidal fauna with new invertebrate records in Europe's first marine reserve, Lough Hyne

2018 ◽  
Vol 118B (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Cynthia D. Trowbridge ◽  
Colin Little ◽  
Caitlin Q. Plowman ◽  
Lukas S. Ferrenburg ◽  
Hayley M. Resk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Shallow Subtidal ◽  
Lough Hyne

Elements for a General Organology

Derrida Today ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-94
Author(s):  
Bernard Stiegler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Planetary Scale ◽  
General Account ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
History Of

These lectures outline the project of a general organology, which is to say an account of life when it is no longer just biological but technical, or when it involves not just organic matter but organized inorganic matter. This organology is also shown to require a modified Simondonian account of the shift from vital individuation to a three-stranded process of psychic, collective and technical individuation. Furthermore, such an approach involves extending the Derridean reading of Socrates's discussion of writing as a pharmakon, so that it becomes a more general account of the pharmacological character of retention and protention. By going back to Leroi-Gourhan, we can recognize that this also means pursuing the history of retentional modifications unfolding in the course of the history of what, with Lotka, can also be called exosomatization. It is thus a question of how exteriorization can, today, in an epoch when it becomes digital, and in an epoch that produces vast amounts of entropy at the thermodynamic, biological and noetic levels, still possibly produce new forms of interiorization, that is, new forms of thought, care and desire, amounting to so many chances to struggle against the planetary-scale pharmacological crisis with which we are currently afflicted.

scholarly journals Contributions of Organic and Mineral Matter to Vertical Accretion in Tidal Wetlands across a Chesapeake Bay Subestuary

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Jenny R. Allen ◽  
Jeffrey C. Cornwell ◽  
Andrew H. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
210Pb Dating ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Tidal Wetlands ◽  
Vertical Accretion ◽  
Inorganic Matter

Persistence of tidal wetlands under conditions of sea level rise depends on vertical accretion of organic and inorganic matter, which vary in their relative abundance across estuarine gradients. We examined the relative contribution of organic and inorganic matter to vertical soil accretion using lead-210 (210Pb) dating of soil cores collected in tidal wetlands spanning a tidal freshwater to brackish gradient across a Chesapeake Bay subestuary. Only 8 out of the 15 subsites had accretion rates higher than relative sea level rise for the area, with the lowest rates of accretion found in oligohaline marshes in the middle of the subestuary. The mass accumulation of organic and inorganic matter was similar and related (R2 = 0.37). However, owing to its lower density, organic matter contributed 1.5–3 times more toward vertical accretion than inorganic matter. Furthermore, water/porespace associated with organic matter accounted for 82%–94% of the total vertical accretion. These findings demonstrate the key role of organic matter in the persistence of coastal wetlands with low mineral sediment supply, particularly mid-estuary oligohaline marshes.

scholarly journals Influence of Meteorological Conditions and Aerosol Properties on the COVID-19 Contamination of the Population in Coastal and Continental Areas in France: Study of Offshore and Onshore Winds

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Jacques Piazzola ◽  
William Bruch ◽  
Christelle Desnues ◽  
Philippe Parent ◽  
Christophe Yohia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Virus Transport ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Aerosol Properties

Human behaviors probably represent the most important causes of the SARS-Cov-2 virus propagation. However, the role of virus transport by aerosols—and therefore the influence of atmospheric conditions (temperature, humidity, type and concentration of aerosols)—on the spread of the epidemic remains an open and still debated question. This work aims to study whether or not the meteorological conditions related to the different aerosol properties in continental and coastal urbanized areas might influence the atmospheric transport of the SARS-Cov-2 virus. Our analysis focuses on the lockdown period to reduce the differences in the social behavior and highlight those of the weather conditions. As an example, we investigated the contamination cases during March 2020 in two specific French areas located in both continental and coastal areas with regard to the meteorological conditions and the corresponding aerosol properties, the optical depth (AOD) and the Angstrom exponent provided by the AERONET network. The results show that the analysis of aerosol ground-based data can be of interest to assess a virus survey. We found that moderate to strong onshore winds occurring in coastal regions and inducing humid environment and large sea-spray production episodes coincides with smaller COVID-19 contamination rates. We assume that the coagulation of SARS-Cov-2 viral particles with hygroscopic salty sea-spray aerosols might tend to inhibit its viral infectivity via possible reaction with NaCl, especially in high relative humidity environments typical of maritime sites.

scholarly journals Meteorological conditions over Antarctic blue-ice areas and their influence on the local surface mass balance

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (156) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bintanja ◽  
Carleen H. Reijmer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Surface Mass Balance ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sublimation Rates ◽  
Different Characteristics

AbstractThis paper addresses the causes of the prevailing meteorological conditions observed over an Antarctic blue-ice area and their effect on the surface mass balance. Over blue-ice areas, net accumulation is zero and ablation occurs mainly through sublimation. Sublimation rates are much higher than over adjacent snowfields. The meteorological conditions favourable for high sublimation rates (warm, dry and gusty) are due to the specific orographic setting of this blue-ice area, with usually a steep upwind mountainous slope causing strong adiabatic heating. Diabatic warming due to radiation, and entrainment of warm air from aloft into the boundary layer augment the warming. The prevailing warm, dry conditions explain roughly 50% of the difference in sublimation, and the different characteristics of blue ice (mainly its lower albedo) the other 50%. Most of the annual sublimation (∼70%) takes place during the short summer (mainly in daytime), with winter ablation being restricted to occasional warm, dry föhn-like events. The additional moisture is effectively removed by entrainment and horizontal advection, which are maximum over the blue-ice area. Low-frequency turbulent motions induced by the upwind mountains enhance the vertical turbulent transports. Strong gusts and high peak wind speeds over blue-ice areas cause high potential snowdrift transports, which can easily remove the total precipitation, thereby maintaining zero accumulation.

Retrofit of Aerodynamic Cable Instability on a Cable-Stayed Bridge: Case Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 1740 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niket M. Telang ◽  
Charles M. Minervino ◽  
Paul G. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Mobile Bay ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Light Rain ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Cable Stays ◽  
Large Amplitude Vibrations

Elegantly poised over the Mobile River, the twin pylons and the semi-harped cable stays of the Cochrane Bridge subtly complement the vast and undulating landscape of the Mobile Bay as the bridge carries US Route 90 over the Mobile River in Alabama. In February 1998, light rain drizzled on the bridge, and a weather station nearby recorded wind speeds of about 48 km/h (30 mph). Under these seemingly mild weather conditions, the normally immobile cable stays started to vibrate, and within moments, these nascent vibrations reached amplitudes of more than 1.2 m (4 ft). Alarmed by this event, the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT) took immediate action to ensure the continued safety and serviceability of the bridge. A team of consultants was selected by ALDOT to investigate mitigation measures for the large-amplitude cable-stay vibrations. The fast-tracked comprehensive program planned and implemented to inspect, test, document, and evaluate the effects of the large-amplitude vibrations and the recommendation of retrofit measures that would limit future occurrences of such cable-stay vibrations on the Cochrane Bridge are described in detail.

Meteorological study for Gangotri Glacier and its comparison with other high altitude meteorological stations in central Himalayan region

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Singh ◽  
Umesh K. Haritashya ◽  
Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Valley Wind ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Garhwal Himalayas ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Gangotri Glacier

In spite of the vital role of high altitude climatology in melting of snow and glaciers, retreat or advancement of glaciers, flash floods, erosion and sediment transport, etc., weather conditions are not much studied for the high altitude regions of Himalayas. In this study, a comprehensive meteorological analysis has been made for the Gangotri Meteorological Station (Bhagirathi Valley, Garhwal Himalayas) using data observed for four consecutive melt seasons (2000–2003) covering a period from May to October for each year. The collected meteorological data includes rainfall, temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, sunshine hours and evaporation. The results and their distribution over the different melt seasons were compared with available meteorological records for Dokriani Meteorological Station (Dingad Valley, Garhwal Himalayas) and Pyramid Meteorological Station (Khumbu Valley, Nepal Himalayas). The magnitude and distribution of temperature were found to be similar for different Himalayan regions, while rainfall varied from region to region. The influence of the monsoon was meagre on the rainfall in these areas. July was recorded to be the warmest month for all the regions and, in general, August had the maximum rainfall. For all the stations, daytime up-valley wind speeds were 3 to 4 times stronger than the nighttime down-valley wind speeds. It was found that the Gangotri Glacier area experienced relatively low humidity and high evaporation rates as compared to other parts of the Himalayas. Such analysis reveals the broad meteorological characteristics of the high altitude areas of the Central Himalayan region.

scholarly journals The Paths of the Suspended Particulate Inorganic and Organic Matter in a Small Urban Estuary: The Aarhus Harbour Estuary

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Kronvang ◽  
C. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Estuary ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Organic Sediment ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

The nverine supply of suspended inorganic and organic sediment, its temporal and spatial distribution and its exchange with the bay, were estimated for an urban estuary (Aarhus Harbour Estuary, Denmark) during 1983-84. The river supplies high levels of particulate matter to the estuary. Export from the estuary averages one fifth of the river introduced particulate matter resulting in the accumulation of terrigenous material in the estuary. River discharge determines whether the high depletion of particulate matter in the upper estuary follows an exponential(flocculation) or a lineary curve (dilution). Preferential deposition of organic as opposed to inorganic matter in the upper estuary depletes the particulate matter of organic matter and associated pollutants. The estuary is divided into three depositional zones identified on the basis of sediment activity, grain-size and organic content. A sediment budget is precented for the estuary. Good agreement is shown between the actually dredged sediment quantity and the mass to sedimentation from the budget.

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