scholarly journals Experimental Validation of the Electrokinetic Theory and Development of Seismoelectric Interferometry by Cross-Correlation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Schoemaker ◽  
N. Grobbe ◽  
M. D. Schakel ◽  
S. A. L. de Ridder ◽  
E. C. Slob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Wide Frequency Range ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Potential Coefficient ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Boundary Location ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals ◽  
Single Boundary ◽  
Good Agreement

We experimentally validate a relatively recent electrokinetic formulation of the streaming potential (SP) coefficient as developed by Pride (1994). The start of our investigation focuses on the streaming potential coefficient, which gives rise to the coupling of mechanical and electromagnetic fields. It is found that the theoretical amplitude values of this dynamic SP coefficient are in good agreement with the normalized experimental results over a wide frequency range, assuming no frequency dependence of the bulk conductivity. By adopting the full set of electrokinetic equations, a full-waveform wave propagation model is formulated. We compare the model predictions, neglecting the interface response and modeling only the coseismic fields, with laboratory measurements of a seismic wave of frequency 500 kHz that generates electromagnetic signals. Agreement is observed between measurement and electrokinetic theory regarding the coseismic electric field. The governing equations are subsequently adopted to study the applicability of seismoelectric interferometry. It is shown that seismic sources at a single boundary location are sufficient to retrieve the 1D seismoelectric responses, both for the coseismic and interface components, in a layered model.

scholarly journals Frequency-Dependent Streaming Potential of Porous Media—Part 2: Experimental Measurement of Unconsolidated Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. J. Glover ◽  
E. Walker ◽  
J. Ruel ◽  
E. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Potential Coefficient ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
New Apparatus ◽  
Good Agreement

Frequency-dependent streaming potential coefficient measurements have been made upon Ottawa sand and glass bead packs using a new apparatus that is based on an electromagnetic drive. The apparatus operates in the range 1 Hz to 1 kHz with samples of 25.4 mm diameter up to 150 mm long. The results have been analysed using theoretical models that are either (i) based upon vibrational mechanics, (ii) treat the geological material as a bundle of capillary tubes, or (iii) treat the material as a porous medium. The best fit was provided by the Pride model and its simplification, which is satisfying as this model was conceived for porous media rather than capillary tube bundles. Values for the transition frequency were derived from each of the models for each sample and were found to be in good agreement with those expected from the independently measured effective pore radius of each material. The fit to the Pride model for all four samples was also found to be consistent with the independently measured steady-state permeability, while the value of the streaming potential coefficient in the low-frequency limit was found to be in good agreement with other steady-state streaming potential coefficient data.

scholarly journals Examination of the fractal model for streaming potential coefficient in porous media

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luong Duy Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Fractal Model ◽  
Potential Coefficient ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
High Fluid ◽  
Good Agreement

In this work, the fractal model for the streaming potential coefficient in porous media recently published has been examined by calculating the zeta potential from the measured streaming potential coefficient. Obtained values of the zeta potential are then compared with experimental data. Additionally, the variation of the streaming potential coefficient with fluid electrical conductivity is predicted from the model. The results show that the model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data available in literature. The comparison between the proposed model and the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski (HS) equation is also carried out. It is seen that that the prediction from the proposed model is quite close to what is expected from the HS equation, in particularly at the high fluid conductivity or large grain diameters. Therefore, the model can be an alternative approach to obtain the zeta potential from the streaming potential measurements.

scholarly journals Changes in Electrokinetic Coupling Coefficients of Granite under Triaxial Deformation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Kuwano ◽  
Shingo Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Coupling Coefficients ◽  
Bulk Resistivity ◽  
Potential Coefficient ◽  
Electrokinetic Phenomena ◽  
Streaming Current ◽  
Source Current ◽  
Rock Interface ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals ◽  
Onset Of Dilatancy

Electrokinetic phenomena are believed to be the most likely origin of electromagnetic signals preceding or accompanying earthquakes. The intensity of the source current due to the electrokinetic phenomena is determined by the fluid flux and the electrokinetic coupling coefficient called streaming current coefficient; therefore, how the coefficient changes before rupture is essential. Here, we show how the electrokinetic coefficients change during the rock deformation experiment up to failure. The streaming current coefficient did not increase before failure, but continued to decrease up to failure, which is explained in terms of the elastic closure of capillary. On the other hand, the streaming potential coefficient, which is the product of the streaming current coefficient and bulk resistivity of the rock, increased at the onset of dilatancy. It may be due to change in bulk resistivity. Our result indicates that the zeta potential of the newly created surface does not change so much from that of the preexisting fluid rock interface.

ACOUSTIC THREE-DIMENSIONAL EFFECTS AROUND THE TAIWAN STRAIT: COMPUTATIONAL RESULTS

1999 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHI-FANG CHEN ◽  
JANG-JIA LIN ◽  
DING LEE
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Bottom Topography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Computational Results ◽  
Submarine Canyons ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
Ocean Environment ◽  
The Taiwan Strait ◽  
Good Agreement

A set of experiments were performed in the offshore area off the coasts of Taiwan and three-dimensional (3-D) measurements recorded. The 3-D effect on underwater propagation due to azimuthal variation of bottom topography is studied for the offshore regions southwest of Taiwan, where submarine canyons exist. A 3-D acoustic propagation model, FOR3D, is used to detect the 3-D effect. Computational results show that the 3-D effect is more prominent along the axis of the canyon than across it. Calculations show a very good agreement with field data, which indicate that the 3-D effect exists in this realistic ocean environment.

scholarly journals Using Waveguides to Model the Dynamic Stiffness of Pre-Compressed Natural Rubber Vibration Isolators

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1703
Author(s):  
Michael Coja ◽  
Leif Kari
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Wide Frequency Range ◽  
Vibration Isolators ◽  
Standard Linear Solid ◽  
Standard Linear ◽  
Frequency Magnitude ◽  
Good Agreement

A waveguide model for a pre-compressed cylindrical natural rubber vibration isolator is developed within a wide frequency range—20 to 2000 Hz—and for a wide pre-compression domain—from vanishing to the maximum in service, that is 20%. The problems of simultaneously modeling the pre-compression and frequency dependence are solved by applying a transformation of the pre-compressed isolator into a globally equivalent linearized, homogeneous, and isotropic form, thereby reducing the original, mathematically arduous, and complex problem into a vastly simpler assignment while using a straightforward waveguide approach to satisfy the boundary conditions by mode-matching. A fractional standard linear solid is applied as the visco-elastic natural rubber model while using a Mittag–Leffler function as the stress relaxation function. The dynamic stiffness is found to depend strongly on the frequency and pre-compression. The former is resulting in resonance phenomena such as peaks and troughs, while the latter exhibits a low-frequency magnitude stiffness increase in addition to peak and trough shifts with increased pre-compressions. Good agreement with nonlinear finite element results is obtained for the considered frequency and pre-compression range in contrast to the results of standard waveguide approaches.

Rigid-Plastic Impact of Single Angular Particles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Orientation Dependence ◽  
Particle Orientation ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Plastic Model ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Angular Particles

The trajectory of an angular particle as it cuts a ductile target is, in general, complicated because of its dependence not only on particle shape, but also on particle orientation at the initial instant of impact. This orientation dependence has also made experimental measurement of impact parameters of single angular particles very difficult, resulting in a relatively small amount of available experimental data in the literature. The current work is focused on obtaining measurements of particle kinematics for comparison to rigid plastic model developed by Papini and Spelt. Fundamental mechanisms of material removal are identified, and measurements of rebound parameters and corresponding crater dimensions of single hardened steel particles launched against flat aluminium alloy targets are presented. Also a 2-D finite element model is developed and a dynamic analysis is performed to predict the erosion mechanism. Overall, a good agreement was found among the experimental results, rigid-plastic model predictions and finite element model predictions.

Viscosity Models Based on Network Theory for Polymer Melts

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 1244-1247
Author(s):  
Hai Hang Xu ◽  
Lei Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Polymer Melts ◽  
Structure Parameter ◽  
Viscosity Models ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Good Agreement

New shear and extensional viscosity models based on Fredrickson kinetic equation coupled with Dewitt constitutive equation were established to predict viscosities of polymer melts. The experimental data of 125°C LDPE and LDPE filled with 35% glass beads reported from references were compared with the model predictions. The predictions showed good agreement with the measurements. The models are simple and easy to use. Because they contain no structure parameter, they are capable to describe the viscosities of pure polymer and polymer composites.

Estimation of Transformer Winding Capacitances through Frequency Response Analysis – An Experimental Investigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krupa Shah ◽  
K. Ragavan
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Wide Frequency Range ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Voltage Distribution ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Transformer Winding ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Ladder Network ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract This article focuses on developing a non-invasive method for determining capacitances using frequency response data. The proposed methodology involves acquiring driving-point impedance of the winding under consideration over wide frequency range. With certain terminal conditions and using the terminal impedance measured at specific frequencies, input and shunt capacitances are determined. For the purpose of estimating series capacitance of the winding, an algorithm is proposed. To demonstrate the capability of the method, initially model coils that have provisions for connecting external capacitances are considered. Then, it is found that the estimated values of capacitances are nearly same as those of connected capacitances. The method is, then, extended to transformer winding, and a capacitive ladder network is constructed. To assess the accuracy of estimation, capacitive voltage distribution is utilized. That is, the voltage distribution in the winding is compared with that of synthesized circuit. A good agreement between those data reveals that the estimated capacitance values are accurate.

scholarly journals Distribution and Source Sites of Nonlinear Internal Waves Northeast of Hainan Island

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Jianjun Liang ◽  
Xiao-Ming Li ◽  
Kaiguo Fan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Waves ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Luzon Strait ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Tidal Period ◽  
S Waves ◽  
Nonlinear Internal Waves ◽  
Type D ◽  
Good Agreement

The distribution and source sites of nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) northeast of Hainan Island were investigated using satellite observations and a wavefront propagation model. Satellite observations show two types of NLIWs (here referred to as type-S and type-D waves). The type-S waves are spaced at a semidiurnal tidal period and the type-D waves are spaced at a diurnal tidal period. The spatial distribution of the two types of NLIWs displays a sandwich structure in which the middle region is influenced by both types of NLIWs, and the northern and southern regions are governed by the type-S and type-D waves, respectively. Solving the wavefront model yields good agreement between simulated and observed wavefronts from the Luzon Strait to Hainan Island. We conclude that the NLIWs originate from the Luzon Strait.

Modeling the Effect of Water Activity, pH, and Temperature on the Probability of Enterotoxin A Production by Staphylococcus aureus

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIAN DING ◽  
YAN-YAN YU ◽  
CHENG-AN HWANG ◽  
QING-LI DONG ◽  
SHI-GUO CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Temperatures ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to develop a probability model of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A (SEA) production as affected by water activity (aw), pH, and temperature in broth and assess its applicability for milk. The probability of SEA production was assessed in tryptic soy broth using 24 combinations of aw (0.86 to 0.99), pH (5.0 to 7.0), and storage temperature (10 to 30°C). The observed probabilities were fitted with a logistic regression to develop a probability model. The model had a concordant value of 97.5% and concordant index of 0.98, indicating that the model satisfactorily describes the probability of SEA production. The model showed that aw, pH, and temperature were significant factors affecting the probability of toxin production. The model predictions were in good agreement with the observed values obtained from milk. The model may help manufacturers in selecting product pH and aw and storage temperatures to prevent SEA production.

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