scholarly journals Evaluation of Plant and Fungal Extracts for Their Potential Antigingivitis and Anticaries Activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Spratt ◽  
M. Daglia ◽  
A. Papetti ◽  
M. Stauder ◽  
D. O'Donnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Fungal Extracts

The link between diet and health has lead to the promotion of functional foods which can enhance health. In this study, the oral health benefits of a number of food homogenates and high molecular mass and low molecular mass fractions were investigated. A comprehensive range of assays were performed to assess the action of these foods on the development of gingivitis and caries using bacterial species associated with these diseases. Both antigingivitis and anticaries effects were investigated by assays examining the prevention of biofilm formation and coaggregation, disruption of preexisting biofilms, and the foods' antibacterial effects. Assays investigating interactions with gingival epithelial cells and cytokine production were carried out to assess the foods' anti- gingivitis properties. Anti-caries properties such as interactions with hydroxyapatite, disruption of signal transduction, and the inhibition of acid production were investigated. The mushroom and chicory homogenates and low molecular mass fractions show promise as anti-caries and anti-gingivitis agents, and further testing and clinical trials will need to be performed to evaluate their true effectiveness in humans.

scholarly journals Lipopolysaccharides from Mesorhizobium huakuii and Mesorhizobium ciceri: chemical and immunological comparative data.

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Choma
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Mesorhizobium Huakuii ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Neutral Sugars ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

Lipopolysaccharides of two Mesorhizobium species of different host specificity were compared: M. huakuii and M. ciceri. M. huakuii sp. was represented by five strains with special consideration of M. huakuii IFO 15243(T). SDS/PAGE profiles revealed that all M. huakuii LPS preparations contained low molecular mass fractions (LPS-II) of the same molecular size. All of lipopolysaccharides contained high molecular mass fractions (LPS-I). However, the high molecular mass fraction from each strain possessed an individual molecular size distribution pattern. The crossreactivity of blotted lipopolysaccharides with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against Mesorhizobium huakuii IFO 15243(T) whole bacteria indicated the presence of common epitope(s) within the investigated Mesorhizobium huakuii strains. Moreover, LPS from M. huakuii S52 also reacted with anti M. ciceri HAMBI 1750 serum showing that there are epitopes common for different mesorhizobial species. LPS isolated from Mesorhizobium huakuii strain IFO 15243(T) contained neutral sugars: L-6-deoxytalose, L-rhamnose, D-galactose and D-glucose, aminosugars:D-quinovosamine, D-glucosamine, D-2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyglucose and D-galacturonic and D-glucuronic acids. In the LPS preparation, fatty acids typical for Mesorhizobium strains were detected. 3-Hydroxydodecanoic, 3-hydroxy-iso-tridecanoic, 3-hydroxyeicosanoic, 3-hydroxyheneicosanoic and 3-hydroxydocosenoic acids were the major amide linked fatty acids, while iso -heptadecanoic, eicosanoic, docosenoic, as well as 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic and 27-oxooctacosanoic acids were the dominant ester linked fatty residues.

14-3-3 Proteins and a 13-lipoxygenase form associations in a phosphorylation-dependent manner

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Holtman ◽  
M. R. Roberts ◽  
M. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Present Report ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Binding Peptide ◽  
Mass Fractions

Recently, we have demonstrated by two different methods that lipoxgenases (LOXs) and 14-3-3 proteins form interactions in barley embryos [Holtman, Roberts, Oppedijk, Testerink, van Zeij] and Wang (2000) FEBS Lett. 474, 48–52]. It was shown by both co-immunoprecipitations and surface-plasmon resonance experiments that 13-LOX, but not 9-LOX, forms interactions with 14-3-3 proteins. In the present report we show that the presence of 13-LOX and 14-3-3 proteins was established in high-molecular-mass complexes. Amounts of 13-LOX and 14-3-3 proteins in high-molecular-mass fractions increased during germination, but were reduced after dephosphorylation of protein extracts or competition with the 14-3-3-binding peptide P-Raf-259, indicating that 13-LOX and 14-3-3 proteins interact in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.

Modulation of Gut Microbiota through Dietary Phytochemicals as a Novel Anti-infective Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan K. Mujawdiya ◽  
Suman Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Gut Microbes

: Quorum Sensing (QS) is a phenomenon in which bacterial cells communicate with each other with the help of several low molecular weight compounds. QS is largely dependent on population density, and it triggers when the concentration of quorum sensing molecules accumulate in the environment and crosses a particular threshold. Once a certain population density is achieved and the concentration of molecules crosses a threshold, the bacterial cells show a collective behavior in response to various chemical stimuli referred to as “auto-inducers”. The QS signaling is crucial for several phenotypic characteristics responsible for bacterial survival such as motility, virulence, and biofilm formation. Biofilm formation is also responsible for making bacterial cells resistant to antibiotics. : The human gut is home to trillions of bacterial cells collectively called “gut microbiota” or “gut microbes”. Gut microbes are a consortium of more than 15,000 bacterial species and play a very crucial role in several body functions such as metabolism, development and maturation of the immune system, and the synthesis of several essential vitamins. Due to its critical role in shaping human survival and its modulating impact on body metabolisms, the gut microbial community has been referred to as “the forgotten organ” by O`Hara et al. (2006) [1]. Several studies have demonstrated that chemical interaction between the members of bacterial cells in the gut is responsible for shaping the overall microbial community. : Recent advances in phytochemical research have generated a lot of interest in finding new, effective, and safer alternatives to modern chemical-based medicines. In the context of antimicrobial research various plant extracts have been identified with Quorum Sensing Inhibitory (QSI) activities among bacterial cells. This review focuses on the mechanism of quorum sensing and quorum sensing inhibitors isolated from natural sources.

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